The activities of enzymes responsible for lignification in pepper, pre-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus of Glomus intraradices and/or infection with pathogenic strain of Phytophthora capsici, and th...The activities of enzymes responsible for lignification in pepper, pre-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus of Glomus intraradices and/or infection with pathogenic strain of Phytophthora capsici, and the biological control effect of G. intraradices on Phytophthora blight in pepper were investigated. The experiment was carried out with four treatments: (1) plants pre-inoculated with G. intraradices (Gi), (2) plants pre-inoculated with G. intraradices and then infected with P. capsici (Gi+Pc), (3) plants infected with P. capsici (Pc), and (4) plants without any of the two microorganisms (C). Mycorrhizal coloni-zation rate was reduced by about 10% in pathogen challenged plants. Root mortality caused by infection of P. capsici was com-pletely eliminated by pre-inoculation with antagonistic G. intraradices. On the ninth day after pathogen infection, Peroxidase (POD) activity increased by 116.9% in Pc-treated roots but by only 21.2% in Gi+Pc-treated roots, compared with the control, respectively. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities gradually increased during the first 3 d and dramatically decreased in Pc-treated roots but slightly decreased in Gi+Pc-treated roots, respectively. On the ninth day after pathogen infection, PPO and PAL decreased by 62.8% and 73.9% in Pc-treated roots but by only 19.8% and 19.5% in Gi+Pc-treated roots, compared with the control, respectively. Three major POD isozymes (45 000, 53 000 and 114 000) were present in Pc-treated roots, while two major bands (53 000 and 114 000) and one minor band (45 000) were present in spectra of Gi+Pc-treated roots, the 45 000 POD isozyme was significantly suppressed by G. intraradices, suggesting that the 45 000 POD isozyme was induced by the pathogen infection but not induced by the antagonistic G. intraradices. A 60 000 PPO isozyme was induced in Pc-treated roots but not induced in Gi+Pc-treated roots. All these results showed the inoculation of antagonistic G. intraradices alleviates root mortality, activates changes of lignification-related enzymes and induces some of the isozymes in pepper plants infected by P. capsici. The results suggested that G. intraradices is a potentially effective protection agent against P. capsici.展开更多
Bis-[oxo-bis(p-ferrocenylbenzoxy di-n-propyltin)] I and bis-[oxo-bis(-ferrocenoyl- propionyloxy di-n-propyltin)] II were synthesized and their crystal structures have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The...Bis-[oxo-bis(p-ferrocenylbenzoxy di-n-propyltin)] I and bis-[oxo-bis(-ferrocenoyl- propionyloxy di-n-propyltin)] II were synthesized and their crystal structures have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound I2C6H6 ([(FcC6H4COOSnPr2)2O]22C6H6 or C92H108Fe4O10Sn42C6H6, Mr = 2384.16) is of triclinic, space group P?with a = 12.826(4), b = 13.099(5), c = 17.539(5) ? = 78.229(5), ?= 71.852(5), = 62.746(5)? V = 2483(1) ?, Z = 1, Dc = 1.490 g/cm3, = 0.71073 ? (MoK? =1.611 mm-1 and F(000) = 1128. The structure was refined to R = 0.0491 and wR = 0.1053 for 4690 unique reflections with I > 2(I). The compound IIC6H6 ([(FcCOCH2CH2COOSnPr2)2O]2C6H6 or C80H108Fe4O14Sn4C6H6, Mr = 2115.93) is of triclinic, space group P?with a = 11.260(4), b = 14.126(5), c = 15.961(6) ? = 91.400(6), = 110.654(6), = 104.931(6), V = 2277(1) 3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.510 g/cm3, = 0.71073 ? (MoK? = 1.750 mm-1 and F(000) = 1046. The structure was refined to R = 0.0466 and wR = 0.1138 for 5061 unique reflections with I > 2(I). The two compounds have the similar structures: both are dimers containing centrosymmetric Sn2O2 cores. But there are some differences in the ligating modes between the carboxylate groups and the Sn atoms.展开更多
2-Methyl-4-methoxyaniline （MMA） was synthesized by one-pot method through the hydrogenation and Bamberger rearrangement of o-nitrotoluene in methanol using acidic ionic liquid and 3% Pt/C as catalyst system. The eff...2-Methyl-4-methoxyaniline （MMA） was synthesized by one-pot method through the hydrogenation and Bamberger rearrangement of o-nitrotoluene in methanol using acidic ionic liquid and 3% Pt/C as catalyst system. The effects of ionic liquid type, dosage of ionic liquid and 3% Pt/C, reaction temperature and reaction pressure on o-nitrotoluene conversion and MMA selectivity were investigated. The results indicated that the imidazolium-based acidic ionic liquid which contains SO3H-functionalized cation showed higher selectivity to MMA than other acidic ionic liquids used in this work. Using 1-（propyl-3-sulfonate）-3-methylimidazolium hydrosulfate （[HSO3-pmim][HSO4]） as the acid catalyst, the selectivity to MMA was as high as 67.6% at 97.8% of o-nitrotoluene conversion. As 3% Pt/C increased from 0.01 g to 0.025 g, the selectivity to MMA decreased from 73.4% to 62.5%, because of the hydrogenation of intermediate o-methyl-phenylhydroxylamine to o-toluidine becoming more dominant. An increase in hydrogen pressure also had obviously dramatic effect in lowering the MMA selectivity. After easy separation from the products, the catalyst system could be reused at least 3 times.展开更多
The crystal structure of the title compound carvedilol, C24H25N2O4(Mr= 406. 47), has determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is mono-clinic with space group P21/c, a=9. 094(l), b= l2. 754(1), c= 18...The crystal structure of the title compound carvedilol, C24H25N2O4(Mr= 406. 47), has determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is mono-clinic with space group P21/c, a=9. 094(l), b= l2. 754(1), c= 18. 330(2) A, β=97. 36(1 )°, V= 2l08. 5(4) A 3, Z= 4, D.= l. 280 g/cm3, F(000) = 864, μ=O. O88mm-1 and final R= O. O368, wR(F2) = 0.0787 for reflections (I>2σ(I) ). X-ray anal-ysis reveals that the crystal is composed of a pair of enantiomer, and there are hydrogenbonds O(3) -H(3O) -N(l ) between the two enantimers. There are two planes in themolecule.展开更多
基金Project supported by Korea Science and Engineering Foundation(KOSEF) through the Agricultural Plants Stress Research Center(APSRC) at Chonnam National University, Korea
文摘The activities of enzymes responsible for lignification in pepper, pre-inoculation with arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungus of Glomus intraradices and/or infection with pathogenic strain of Phytophthora capsici, and the biological control effect of G. intraradices on Phytophthora blight in pepper were investigated. The experiment was carried out with four treatments: (1) plants pre-inoculated with G. intraradices (Gi), (2) plants pre-inoculated with G. intraradices and then infected with P. capsici (Gi+Pc), (3) plants infected with P. capsici (Pc), and (4) plants without any of the two microorganisms (C). Mycorrhizal coloni-zation rate was reduced by about 10% in pathogen challenged plants. Root mortality caused by infection of P. capsici was com-pletely eliminated by pre-inoculation with antagonistic G. intraradices. On the ninth day after pathogen infection, Peroxidase (POD) activity increased by 116.9% in Pc-treated roots but by only 21.2% in Gi+Pc-treated roots, compared with the control, respectively. Polyphenol oxidase (PPO) and Phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL) activities gradually increased during the first 3 d and dramatically decreased in Pc-treated roots but slightly decreased in Gi+Pc-treated roots, respectively. On the ninth day after pathogen infection, PPO and PAL decreased by 62.8% and 73.9% in Pc-treated roots but by only 19.8% and 19.5% in Gi+Pc-treated roots, compared with the control, respectively. Three major POD isozymes (45 000, 53 000 and 114 000) were present in Pc-treated roots, while two major bands (53 000 and 114 000) and one minor band (45 000) were present in spectra of Gi+Pc-treated roots, the 45 000 POD isozyme was significantly suppressed by G. intraradices, suggesting that the 45 000 POD isozyme was induced by the pathogen infection but not induced by the antagonistic G. intraradices. A 60 000 PPO isozyme was induced in Pc-treated roots but not induced in Gi+Pc-treated roots. All these results showed the inoculation of antagonistic G. intraradices alleviates root mortality, activates changes of lignification-related enzymes and induces some of the isozymes in pepper plants infected by P. capsici. The results suggested that G. intraradices is a potentially effective protection agent against P. capsici.
文摘Bis-[oxo-bis(p-ferrocenylbenzoxy di-n-propyltin)] I and bis-[oxo-bis(-ferrocenoyl- propionyloxy di-n-propyltin)] II were synthesized and their crystal structures have been determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. The compound I2C6H6 ([(FcC6H4COOSnPr2)2O]22C6H6 or C92H108Fe4O10Sn42C6H6, Mr = 2384.16) is of triclinic, space group P?with a = 12.826(4), b = 13.099(5), c = 17.539(5) ? = 78.229(5), ?= 71.852(5), = 62.746(5)? V = 2483(1) ?, Z = 1, Dc = 1.490 g/cm3, = 0.71073 ? (MoK? =1.611 mm-1 and F(000) = 1128. The structure was refined to R = 0.0491 and wR = 0.1053 for 4690 unique reflections with I > 2(I). The compound IIC6H6 ([(FcCOCH2CH2COOSnPr2)2O]2C6H6 or C80H108Fe4O14Sn4C6H6, Mr = 2115.93) is of triclinic, space group P?with a = 11.260(4), b = 14.126(5), c = 15.961(6) ? = 91.400(6), = 110.654(6), = 104.931(6), V = 2277(1) 3, Z = 1, Dc = 1.510 g/cm3, = 0.71073 ? (MoK? = 1.750 mm-1 and F(000) = 1046. The structure was refined to R = 0.0466 and wR = 0.1138 for 5061 unique reflections with I > 2(I). The two compounds have the similar structures: both are dimers containing centrosymmetric Sn2O2 cores. But there are some differences in the ligating modes between the carboxylate groups and the Sn atoms.
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （21106134） and the Natural Science Foundation of Zlaejlang Province （Y4100671）.
文摘2-Methyl-4-methoxyaniline （MMA） was synthesized by one-pot method through the hydrogenation and Bamberger rearrangement of o-nitrotoluene in methanol using acidic ionic liquid and 3% Pt/C as catalyst system. The effects of ionic liquid type, dosage of ionic liquid and 3% Pt/C, reaction temperature and reaction pressure on o-nitrotoluene conversion and MMA selectivity were investigated. The results indicated that the imidazolium-based acidic ionic liquid which contains SO3H-functionalized cation showed higher selectivity to MMA than other acidic ionic liquids used in this work. Using 1-（propyl-3-sulfonate）-3-methylimidazolium hydrosulfate （[HSO3-pmim][HSO4]） as the acid catalyst, the selectivity to MMA was as high as 67.6% at 97.8% of o-nitrotoluene conversion. As 3% Pt/C increased from 0.01 g to 0.025 g, the selectivity to MMA decreased from 73.4% to 62.5%, because of the hydrogenation of intermediate o-methyl-phenylhydroxylamine to o-toluidine becoming more dominant. An increase in hydrogen pressure also had obviously dramatic effect in lowering the MMA selectivity. After easy separation from the products, the catalyst system could be reused at least 3 times.
文摘The crystal structure of the title compound carvedilol, C24H25N2O4(Mr= 406. 47), has determined by single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The crystal is mono-clinic with space group P21/c, a=9. 094(l), b= l2. 754(1), c= 18. 330(2) A, β=97. 36(1 )°, V= 2l08. 5(4) A 3, Z= 4, D.= l. 280 g/cm3, F(000) = 864, μ=O. O88mm-1 and final R= O. O368, wR(F2) = 0.0787 for reflections (I>2σ(I) ). X-ray anal-ysis reveals that the crystal is composed of a pair of enantiomer, and there are hydrogenbonds O(3) -H(3O) -N(l ) between the two enantimers. There are two planes in themolecule.
