Objective] The effects of four QoI fungicides on potato and tomato and cumumber quality and yield formation under disease-free conditions were studied in order to research the physiological effects of four QoI fungici...Objective] The effects of four QoI fungicides on potato and tomato and cumumber quality and yield formation under disease-free conditions were studied in order to research the physiological effects of four QoI fungicides on these fruit veg-etables and explore the range of minium dose for the obvious physiological effect and the dose for the maximum effect. [Method] The effects of four strobilurin fungi-cides on yield formation and quality were studied under disease-free conditions in the field. Two applications of each strobilurin fungicide were designed. The yield and commercial ratio for each application were investigated. [Results] The minimum dose for the obvious physical effect on potato and tomato and cucumber was lower than 133 mg/L , the dose for maximum effect on patoto and cucumber of the four stro-bilurin fungicides maybe also lower than 667 mg/L. The dose of fenaminstrobin and pyraoxystrobin for maximum effect on tomato maybe also lower than 667 mg/L. [Conclusion] The study suggested that enotroburin, fenaminstrobin, pyrametostrobin and pyraoxystrobin were able to increase the yield and ratio of high quality potato and cucumber and tomato.展开更多
The shortage of petroleum has resulted in worldwide efforts to produce chemicals from renewable resources. Among these attempts, the possibility of producing acrylic acid from biomass has caught the eye of many resear...The shortage of petroleum has resulted in worldwide efforts to produce chemicals from renewable resources. Among these attempts, the possibility of producing acrylic acid from biomass has caught the eye of many researchers. Converting the carbohydrates first to lactic acid by fermentation and then dehydrating lactic acid to acrylic acid is hitherto the most effective way for producing acrylic acid from biomass. While the lactic acid fer- mentation has been commercialized since longer times, the dehydration process of lactic acid is still under development because of its low yield. Further efforts should be made before this process became economically feasible. Because of the existence of acrylic acid pathways in some microorganisms, strain improvement and metabolic engineering provides also a possibilitv to produce acrylic acid directly from biomass by fermentation.展开更多
Phosphorus （P） and metal （M） components were incorporated into promoters for enhancing FCC propylene yield, and the reactive behavior of promoters, before and after modification, were investigated. The results sho...Phosphorus （P） and metal （M） components were incorporated into promoters for enhancing FCC propylene yield, and the reactive behavior of promoters, before and after modification, were investigated. The results showed that both LPG and propylene yields were increased, and propylene selectivity was improved after the incorporation of P or M into the matrix, resulting in an increased C3 to C4 ratio in LPG during FCC process. But the sole incorporation of M into the matrix also led to an increase in coke and H2 yields on the other hand. Simultaneous modification of the matrix by P and M components resulted in more enhancement in propylene yield and selectivity along with little influence on FCC product distribution. Physico-chemical characterizations and model compound reactions were used to assist in analyzing the mechanism for improving propylene selectivity. Two types of active centers could strengthen the oligomerization of C4 olefins in LPG and these oligomers could be further cracked into C3 olefins on ZSM-5 zeolite, therefore maximizing the ratio of C3 to C4 in liquefied petroleum gas obtained during FCC process.展开更多
A FCC mechanism model was used to predict the effects of propylene promoter in a 3.0 Mt/a FCCU. The FCC mechanism model was developed based on one set of commercial FCC data without using the promoter, and was modifie...A FCC mechanism model was used to predict the effects of propylene promoter in a 3.0 Mt/a FCCU. The FCC mechanism model was developed based on one set of commercial FCC data without using the promoter, and was modified by using another set of commercial FCC data with 3m% promoter in the catalyst inventory, and the calculations by means of this simulation model were performed to predict the data of the FCC unit containing 4m% promoter in the catalyst inventory. The test results showed that the calculated values agreed well with the data obtained from the commercial FCC unit, in which the deviations of calculated product yields versus the actual product yields at the commercial FCC unit were equal to 1.74 percentage points for gasoline, 2.59 percentage points for diesel, 1.50 percentage points for dry gas and LPG, and 0.28 percentage points for coke. The proposed method regarding the development of a simulation model and modifications to the model for commercial FCC unit was feasible.展开更多
文摘Objective] The effects of four QoI fungicides on potato and tomato and cumumber quality and yield formation under disease-free conditions were studied in order to research the physiological effects of four QoI fungicides on these fruit veg-etables and explore the range of minium dose for the obvious physiological effect and the dose for the maximum effect. [Method] The effects of four strobilurin fungi-cides on yield formation and quality were studied under disease-free conditions in the field. Two applications of each strobilurin fungicide were designed. The yield and commercial ratio for each application were investigated. [Results] The minimum dose for the obvious physical effect on potato and tomato and cucumber was lower than 133 mg/L , the dose for maximum effect on patoto and cucumber of the four stro-bilurin fungicides maybe also lower than 667 mg/L. The dose of fenaminstrobin and pyraoxystrobin for maximum effect on tomato maybe also lower than 667 mg/L. [Conclusion] The study suggested that enotroburin, fenaminstrobin, pyrametostrobin and pyraoxystrobin were able to increase the yield and ratio of high quality potato and cucumber and tomato.
文摘The shortage of petroleum has resulted in worldwide efforts to produce chemicals from renewable resources. Among these attempts, the possibility of producing acrylic acid from biomass has caught the eye of many researchers. Converting the carbohydrates first to lactic acid by fermentation and then dehydrating lactic acid to acrylic acid is hitherto the most effective way for producing acrylic acid from biomass. While the lactic acid fer- mentation has been commercialized since longer times, the dehydration process of lactic acid is still under development because of its low yield. Further efforts should be made before this process became economically feasible. Because of the existence of acrylic acid pathways in some microorganisms, strain improvement and metabolic engineering provides also a possibilitv to produce acrylic acid directly from biomass by fermentation.
文摘Phosphorus （P） and metal （M） components were incorporated into promoters for enhancing FCC propylene yield, and the reactive behavior of promoters, before and after modification, were investigated. The results showed that both LPG and propylene yields were increased, and propylene selectivity was improved after the incorporation of P or M into the matrix, resulting in an increased C3 to C4 ratio in LPG during FCC process. But the sole incorporation of M into the matrix also led to an increase in coke and H2 yields on the other hand. Simultaneous modification of the matrix by P and M components resulted in more enhancement in propylene yield and selectivity along with little influence on FCC product distribution. Physico-chemical characterizations and model compound reactions were used to assist in analyzing the mechanism for improving propylene selectivity. Two types of active centers could strengthen the oligomerization of C4 olefins in LPG and these oligomers could be further cracked into C3 olefins on ZSM-5 zeolite, therefore maximizing the ratio of C3 to C4 in liquefied petroleum gas obtained during FCC process.
文摘A FCC mechanism model was used to predict the effects of propylene promoter in a 3.0 Mt/a FCCU. The FCC mechanism model was developed based on one set of commercial FCC data without using the promoter, and was modified by using another set of commercial FCC data with 3m% promoter in the catalyst inventory, and the calculations by means of this simulation model were performed to predict the data of the FCC unit containing 4m% promoter in the catalyst inventory. The test results showed that the calculated values agreed well with the data obtained from the commercial FCC unit, in which the deviations of calculated product yields versus the actual product yields at the commercial FCC unit were equal to 1.74 percentage points for gasoline, 2.59 percentage points for diesel, 1.50 percentage points for dry gas and LPG, and 0.28 percentage points for coke. The proposed method regarding the development of a simulation model and modifications to the model for commercial FCC unit was feasible.
