聚丙烯酸法合成锂离子电池正极材料Li_xMn_2O_4

以聚丙烯酸为载体通过溶胶凝胶法合成纳米级尖晶石结构的锂离子电池正极材料LixMn2 O4(1<x <1.12 )。讨论锂锰摩尔比、烧结温度对产物结构的影响。此外 ,改进了传统烧结方法 ,对烧结产物进行回火处理。实验结果表明 ,烧结温度为5 5 0℃时晶化完全 ,结构完整 ;当锂锰比为 1.0 8∶2时性能较佳 ,初始容量为 12 5mAh/g ;回火可改善LixMn2

丙烯酸法制备La_(0.75)Sr_(0.25)MnO_3纳米粉体

采用丙烯酸法合成了La0.75Sr0.25MnO3(LSM)纳米粉体,探讨了合成过程中丙烯酸与交联剂用量、热处理温度等合成条件对合成粉末的物相与形貌的影响,对合成的粉末进行了XRD、SEM、TG-DTA、FTIR分析.结果显示:在丙烯酸:交联剂:LSM粉末质量比为0.3:0.03:1,热处理温度为950℃的条件下,可得到单相、高纯、均匀、少团聚的LSM纳米粉末;电性能测试表明,LSM烧结体在700℃附近电导率达到较高值(约180 S·cm-1).可见,这种新颖的丙烯酸法较其他化学法更绿色环保,制备的粉体电学性能优异,适合用于SOFC单电池阴极.

γ-Na_xCoO_2粉体的聚丙烯酸钠凝胶法制备及其表征

本研究发展了一种用于制备氧化物热电材料γ-Na_xCoO_2粉体的化学合成方法——聚丙烯酸钠(PAAS)凝胶法。主要研究了PAAS/Co^(2+)摩尔比、原料浓度和煅烧温度对产物相组成及微观形态的影响规律,探讨了物相形成机制,同时用该方法结合SPS制备了不同Na离子浓度的Na_xCoO_2多晶样品,并对其热电性能进行了表征。结果表明,PAAS/Co^(2+)摩尔比对产物相组成产生了显著影响,随着PAAS/Co^(2+)摩尔比的增加,样品的相组成由Co_3O_4相向单相γ-Na_xCoO_2转变,合适的PAAS/Co^(2+)摩尔比为0.8~1.1。而反应原料浓度对产物相组成的影响存在一个临界值(0.025 mol/L),大于临界值抑制单相形成,小于临界值促进单相形成。煅烧温度的升高有助于γ-Na_xCoO_2单相的形成,800℃煅烧得到γ-Na_xCoO_2单相,晶粒形态呈片状,平均厚度约200 nm,片状方向的尺寸在1~4μm之间。随着Na含量的增加,样品的Seebeck系数增大,电导率增加,热导率降低,最终导致ZT值大幅增加。

丙烯酸盐自聚合法共掺Co/F对改性正极材料LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4电化学性能的影响

采用丙烯酸盐自聚合法,确保原料主体各组分和微量Co/F掺杂物,按化学计量比均匀分布并保持结构稳定,实现Co/F共掺获得对锂离子电池LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4改性。经X射线衍射、扫描电镜、恒电流充放电循环和电化学循环伏安测试。结果表明:由Co/F共掺杂制备LiCo0.09Ni0.45Mn1.46O3.88F0.12,其在大倍率充放电下具有良好的循环稳定性。在3C充放电循环下,首次放电容量为122mAh/g,循环60次后容量保持率为93%,具有满足未来电动汽车快速充电技术的应用前景。

气相色谱法同时测定环境空气中6种丙烯酸酯

建立气相色谱法同时测定环境空气中丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸乙酯、甲基丙烯酸甲酯、丙烯酸丙酯、丙烯酸丁酯和甲基丙烯酸丁酯6种丙烯酸酯化合物。采用活性炭吸附环境空气中的丙烯酸酯,然后用二氯甲烷解吸,选用DB-35色谱柱,采取程序升温方式,用带氢火焰离子化检测器的气相色谱仪检测。6种丙烯酸酯的质量浓度在2~80μg/mL范围内与色谱峰面积线性关系良好,相关系数均为0.9999。当采样体积为20 L时,方法检出限为0.008~0.01 mg/m^(3)。样品加标回收率为82.3%~104%,测定结果的相对标准偏差为1.1%~9.8%(n=6)。该方法样品处理简单,抗干扰,便于推广应用。

聚丙烯酸钠-CO2法在我厂制芯工艺中的应用

聚丙烯酸钠-CO2法是一种制芯效率高、环境污染少的很有发展前途的制芯方法.文中系统研究了在生产条件下采用该工艺时应严格控制的两个重要工艺参数;树脂砂的流动性及其强度.试结果表明,影响上述两上工艺参数的主要因素,除了树脂以外,还与原砂、固化剂,混制方式和制芯工艺等都有一定的关系.

丙酮氰醇法甲基丙烯酸生产系统堵塞及一级水解反应釜易损坏的原因分析和解决方法

对用丙酮氰醇和浓硫酸为原料生产甲基丙烯酸生产系统容易堵塞及一级水解搪玻璃反应釜容易损坏的原因进行了合理分析,并提出解决改进方法予以实施,达到了解决问题的目的。

纳米富锂锰基正极材料的合成及性能研究

富锂层状氧化物材料具有较高的比容量,被认为是下一代先进锂离子电池正极材料。采用丙烯酸热聚合法和柠檬酸溶胶-凝胶法分别合成了纳米富锂锰基正极材料Li_(1.2)Mn_(0.54)Ni_(0.13)Co_(0.13)O_(2),并进行Mg^(^(2+))掺杂改性。通过扫描电子显微镜、X射线粉末衍射仪对制备的正极材料进行形貌和结构表征,并组装成纽扣电池进行充放电性能测试和电化学阻抗谱分析。结果表明,丙烯酸热聚合法合成的正极材料粒径均匀,结晶度更高;与未掺杂样品相比,掺杂Mg^(2+)的正极材料首次库伦效率从67.66%提高到73.34%,循环性能显著改善。

新型阴极材料Ba_(0.5)Sr_(0.5)Co_(0.8)Fe_(0.2)O_(3-σ)制备与性能研究

Ba0.5Sr0.5Co0.5Fe0.2O3-σ(BSCF), a new cathode material for solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC), was synthesized by polyacrylicacid (PAA) method. The lattice structures of samples calcined at different temperatures were characterized by XRD, Shrinkage, porosity and pore size of the porous BSCF as a function of sintering temperature were investigated. It was found that the cubic perovskite structure could be formed after calcination at 800 ℃ for 2 h, but not well crystallized as seen from some unknown phases, and the pure cubic perovskite structure was formed after calcination at 1150 ℃ for 2 h. The panicle size of BSCF was less than 1-2 μm. The shrinkage of the porous BSCF increased with sintering temperature, but the opposite was true for the porosity. After sintering at 1100 ℃ for 4 h, the porous BSCF was still in an appropriate structure, with porosity of 29% and electrical conductivity above 400 S·cm^-1.

A new multifunctional polymer:Synthesis and characterization of mPEG-b-PAA-grafted chitosan copolymer

A new multifunctional mPEG-b-PAA-grafted chitosan copolymer possessing amino and carboxyl groups,mPEG-b-PAA-g-CHI(compound 6) ,was designed for a potential application in gene/drug delivery and synthesized by the methods of reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer(RAFT) polymerization of acrylic acid(AA) and grafting reaction of a biodegradable chitosan(CHI) derivative.Completion of the reactions and characterization of the resulting compounds were demonstrated by 1 H NMR,FTIR and gel permeation chtomatography(GPC) studies.The results show that the molar ratio of amino groups to carboxyl groups in the copolymer(compound 6) is 0.41-0.59.

国外高吸水性树脂生产与应用

概述了目前世界高吸水性树脂 (SAP)的发展现状和市场供需概况。对SAP两种典型的生产工艺的技术及其技术经济进行了论述。

丙酸生产与市场简述

丙酸（Propanoic Acid或Propionic Acid），分子式C3H6O2，结构式：CH3CH2COOH，分子量：74．08，是一种无色透明的液体，具有强烈的刺激性气味，类似于醋酸，在空气中含量小于0．03％（体积）时，就能感觉到。

Synthesis of Novel Electron Donors and Their Application to Propylene Polymerization

A series of electron donors,including 1,1-cyclopentanecarboxylic acid diethyl ester (CPCADEE),1,1cyclopentanedimethanol acetic diester (CPDMAD),1,1-biethoxymethyl pentane (BEMP),2,2-diethyl diethylmalonate (DEDEM)and 2,2-diethyl-1,3-propanediol acetic diester (DEPDADE),were synthesized by diethyl malonate (DEM).The purities and structures of the above products were characterized by gas chromatography (GC) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometer (GC-MS),respectively.Furthermore,the possible optimal three-dimensional structures of these donors were simulated by means of Gaussian 03 and Chem 3D.Then these electron donors were coordinated with tetrachloro titanium (TiCl 4) and chloride magnesium (MgCl 2)to obtain the catalysts for the polymerization of propylene.The catalytic activities and properties of polypropylene are greatly improved by adding external donor(ED) when CPCADEE or DEPDADE is used as internal donor(ID).However,when BEMP was used as ID,the highest catalytic activity is obtained without adding ED,which can reduce production costs and simplify catalytic synthesis.The experiments indicate that BEMP has the shortest distance of oxygen atoms and the highest electronegativity.

A new solid acid SO_4^(2-)/TiO_2 catalyst modified with tin to synthesize 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate

A new solid acid catalyst,SO4^2-/TiO2 modified with tin,was prepared using a sol-gel method and its physicochemical properties were revealed by nitrogen adsorption-desorption,X-ray powder diffraction,scanning electron microscopy,Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy,infrared spectroscopy of adsorbed pyridine,temperature-programmed desorption of ammonia and thermal gravimetric analysis.The structure,acidity and thermal stability of the SO4^2-/TiO2-SnO2 catalyst were studied.Incorporating tin enlarged the specific surface area and decreased crystallite size of the SO4^2-/TiO2 catalyst.The total acid sites of the modified catalyst increased and Bronsted acid strength remarkably increased with increasing tin content.The decomposition temperature of sulfate radical in the modified catalyst was 100 ℃ greater and its mass loss was more than twice that of the SO4^2-/TiO2 catalyst.The SO4^2-/TiO2-SnO2 catalyst was designed to synthesize 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate by esterification of 1,6-hexanediol with crylic acid.The yield of 1,6-hexanediol diacrylate exceeded 87% under the optimal reaction conditions：crylic acid to 1,6-hexanediol molar ratio = 3.5,catalyst loading = 7%,reaction temperature = 130 ℃ and reaction time = 3 h.The modified catalyst exhibited excellent reusability and after 10 cycles the conversion of 1,6-hexanediol was above 81%.

Design and Synthesis of Novel Fluorine-containing Acrylates

A series of novel fluorine-containing acrylates 6a-6g were synthesized via the condensation of ethyl cyanoacetate and trifluoroacetic anhydride, followed by chloridization and the coupling reaction with amines. These new compounds exhibited some biological activity as preliminary bioassay indicated. A plausible reaction mechanism was outlined and discussed.

Prevalence of gastric varices and results of sclerotherapy with N-butyl 2 cyanoacrylate for controlling acute gastric variceal bleeding

AIM： To study the prevalence, predictors and control of bleeding following N-butyl 2 cyanoacrylate （NBC） sclerotherapy of gastric varix （GV）. METHODS： We analyzed case records of 1436 patients with portal hypertension, who underwent endoscopy during the past five years for variceal screening or upper gastrointestinal （GI） bleeding. Fifty patients with bleeding GV underwent sclerotherapy with a mean of 2 mL NBC for control of bleeding. Outcome parameters were primary hemostasis （bleeding control within the first 48 h）, recurrent bleeding （after 48 h of esophagogastro-duodenoscopy） and in-hospital mortality were analyzed. RESULTS： The prevalence of GV in patients with portal hypertension was 15% （220/1436） and the incidence of bleeding was 22.7% （50/220）. Out of the 50 bleeding GV patients, isolated gastric varices （IGV-Ⅰ） were seen in 22 （44%）, gastro-oesophageal varices （GOV） on lesser curvature （GOV-Ⅰ） in 16 （32%）, and GOV on greater curvature （GOV-Ⅱ） in 15 （30%）. IGV-Ⅰ was seen in 44% （22/50） patients who had bleeding as compared to 23% （39/170） who did not have bleeding （P 〈 0.003）. Primary hernostasis was achieved with NBC in all patients. Re-bleeding occurred in 7 （14%） patients after 48 h of initial sclerotherapy. Secondary hemostasis was achieved with repeat NBC sclerotherapy in 4/7 （57%）. Three patients died after repeat sclerotherapy, one during transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stem shunt （TIPSS）, one during surgery and one due to uncontrolled bleeding. Treatment failure-related mortality rate was 6% （3/50）. CONCLUSION： GV can be seen in 15% of patients with portal hypertension and the incidence of bleeding is 22.7%. NBC is highly effective in controlling GV bleeding. In hospital mortality of patients with bleeding GV is 6%.

Grafting of 2-Hydroxyethyl Methacrylate onto Silk by Atom Transfer Radical Polymerization

Silk was grafted using 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate(HEMA)by atom transfer radical polymerization(ATRP)method.The amino groups and hydroxyl groups on the side chains of the silk fibroin was reacted with 2-bromoisobutyryl bromide(BriB-Br)to obtain efficient macroinitiator for ATRP.And the macroinitiator was grafted with HEMA in water aqueous using CuBr/N,N,N',N",N"-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine(PMDETA)as catalyst system.The effects of monomer concentration,the proportion of CuBr and PMDETA,grafting temperature and time on the silk grafting were discussed,and the optimal grafting technology was obtained.FT-IR characterization of the grafted silk showed a peak corresponding to HEMA,which indicated that HEMA was grafted onto the surface of silk.ATRP method could be applied on the silk modification and this technique provided a new way for silk grafting.

Preparation of pH-responsive membranes with amphiphilic copolymers by surface segregation method

Novel pH-responsive membranes were prepared by blending pH-responsive amphiphilic copolymers with polyethersulfone(PES) via a nonsolvent-induced phase separation(NIPS) technique. The amphiphilic copolymers bearing Pluronic F127 and poly(methacrylic acid)(PMAA) segments, abbreviated as PMAA n–F127–PMAA n,were synthesized by free radical polymerization. The physical and chemical properties of the blend membranes were evaluated by scanning electron microscopy(SEM), Fourier transform infrared(FTIR) spectrum, water contact angle, Zeta potential and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy(XPS). The enrichment of hydrophilic PMAA segments on the membrane surfaces was attributed to surface segregation during the membrane preparation process. The blend membranes had signi ficant p H-responsive properties due to the conformational changes of surface-segregated PMAA segments under different pH values of feed solutions. Fluxes of the blend membranes were larger at low p H values of feed solutions than that at high pH values. The pH-responsive ability of the membranes was enhanced with the increase of the degree of PMAA near-surface coverage.

Direct fabrication of carbon nanotube-graphene hybrid films by a blown bubble method

Hybridization of carbon nanotubes （CNT） with graphene provides a promising means of integrating the attributes of both materials, thereby enabling widespread application. Here, we present a method to directly assemble hybrid CNT- graphene films by a blown bubble method combined with selective substrate annealing. We use polymethylmethacrylate （PMMA） as the polymeric matrix to blow bubbles containing self-assembled multi-walled CNT arrays, and then transform the bubble film into a CNT-graphene hybrid film by thermal annealing on a Cu substrate; PMMA serves as the carbon source for growing single to few-layer graphene among the CNT network until a continuously hybridized structure is formed. Compared to the bare （non-hybridized） CNT networks, the hybrid films exhibit improved electrical conductivity and structural integrity. Our method also enables the fabrication of a multi-walled CNT-Si solar cell, which has high power conversion efficiency, through the assembly of hybrid CNT-graphene structures.

States of Water in Hydrogels Containing with Glyceryl Methacrylate

Hydrogel materials were prepared by thermopolymerization with different content of glyceryl methacrylate and hydroxyethyl methacrylate. The different states of water in swelling hydrogels were described and studied by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC). It was found that the hydrophilicity of GMA was stronger than HEMA,the water content and bound water of GMA hydrogel are higher than HEMA hydrogel.With the increase of GMA content, the content of free water in hydrogel increased. When GMA content was lower than 50%, the increase of GMA content also increased the content of bound water; but when GMA content was higher than 50%, the increase of GMA content decreased the content of bound water, which was caused by the chain hydrogen bond formed on the GMA chain with hydroxyl group each other.