The construction industry works under conditions of uncertainties and risks leading to poor performance, increased cost and time and decreased quality. In these conditions, the dynamic identification and assessment of...The construction industry works under conditions of uncertainties and risks leading to poor performance, increased cost and time and decreased quality. In these conditions, the dynamic identification and assessment of project risks among a vary range of potential factors is considered of vital importance. The introduction of RBS （risk breakdown structure） as a hierarchically organized depiction of identified risks was considered a suitable tool in risk management, especially in construction, due to its many advantages in synthetic representation and dynamic nature. This paper presents a user-oriented implementation of RBS to assist the project managers in identifying and assessing potential risk factors affecting construction process. The evidential analogies between WBS （work breakdown structure） and RBS are captured and used in the proposed framework which interconnects them into a 2D （two dimensional） matrix used to associate risks to the specific project activities. The proposed framework is applied to a government funded design-bid-build project. The obtained results clearly demonstrate the advantages in identifying the most risky activities, as well as the most important risk factors affecting the whole project.展开更多
Drought is usually supposed to be a rainfall deficiency problem. Most studies and practices to mitigate drought disaster are focusing on water development and irrigation, while neglecting that the agriculture system i...Drought is usually supposed to be a rainfall deficiency problem. Most studies and practices to mitigate drought disaster are focusing on water development and irrigation, while neglecting that the agriculture system is a compounded human-natural system. Drought situation and tendency is also driven by human coping strategies. This paper takes Hebei Province in north China as an example, studing the spirally interact process of drought resisting and hydrological ecological feedback. The result shows that large scale water projects construction facilitated irrigation. With improved irrigation, farmers enhanced multiple crop index and land-use intensity greatly and increased the sowing area of water consuming crop, winter wheat. At the same time, both crop yield and gross output are raising steadily. Water demand and depletion in agricultural system increase year by year. This gradually leads to highly dependent on over exploitation of water resources, especially overdraw of groundwater. The process deteriorated the stability of hydrological-ecological system and made the ecological environment drying up. Drying up environment is breeding greater vulnerability and risk of drought in the long term. For sustainable development, integrated drought risk management should be based on the balance between sustainable water supply and water demand. The key is to improve agricultural system＇s adaptive and resilient capacity to drought.展开更多
文摘The construction industry works under conditions of uncertainties and risks leading to poor performance, increased cost and time and decreased quality. In these conditions, the dynamic identification and assessment of project risks among a vary range of potential factors is considered of vital importance. The introduction of RBS （risk breakdown structure） as a hierarchically organized depiction of identified risks was considered a suitable tool in risk management, especially in construction, due to its many advantages in synthetic representation and dynamic nature. This paper presents a user-oriented implementation of RBS to assist the project managers in identifying and assessing potential risk factors affecting construction process. The evidential analogies between WBS （work breakdown structure） and RBS are captured and used in the proposed framework which interconnects them into a 2D （two dimensional） matrix used to associate risks to the specific project activities. The proposed framework is applied to a government funded design-bid-build project. The obtained results clearly demonstrate the advantages in identifying the most risky activities, as well as the most important risk factors affecting the whole project.
基金Acknowledgments China National Natural Science Foundation （No. 41171402） and Doctoral Fund of Hebei Normal University （No. 103237）.
文摘Drought is usually supposed to be a rainfall deficiency problem. Most studies and practices to mitigate drought disaster are focusing on water development and irrigation, while neglecting that the agriculture system is a compounded human-natural system. Drought situation and tendency is also driven by human coping strategies. This paper takes Hebei Province in north China as an example, studing the spirally interact process of drought resisting and hydrological ecological feedback. The result shows that large scale water projects construction facilitated irrigation. With improved irrigation, farmers enhanced multiple crop index and land-use intensity greatly and increased the sowing area of water consuming crop, winter wheat. At the same time, both crop yield and gross output are raising steadily. Water demand and depletion in agricultural system increase year by year. This gradually leads to highly dependent on over exploitation of water resources, especially overdraw of groundwater. The process deteriorated the stability of hydrological-ecological system and made the ecological environment drying up. Drying up environment is breeding greater vulnerability and risk of drought in the long term. For sustainable development, integrated drought risk management should be based on the balance between sustainable water supply and water demand. The key is to improve agricultural system＇s adaptive and resilient capacity to drought.
