Development and prospect of marine husbandry in Tianjin

Under the background of a new round of transformation and upgrading of the marine fishery industrial structure and the"speed up and upgrading"of the national marine ranching,this paper uses the method of combining practical experience,literature review,and field research to describe the development of marine ranching at home and abroad,and summarizes the practice process and achievements of Tianjin marine ranch:one national and two provincial marine ranch demonstration areas,16 ecotype reef areas,one seafood demonstration area,and one floating fish reef demonstration area were built,with a total scale of 26.9 km^(2),and a total of 134900 m^(2) fish reefs.This paper emphatically analyzed the construction experience and characteristics of the Tianjin Dashentang Marine Ranch demonstration area.Combined with the development orientation and objectives of Tianjin marine ranch,it is proposed to unify understanding,perfect development concept,accelerate the pace of scientific research,and adhere to ecological priority.In future,the construction of Tianjin marine ranch should encourage innovation to achieve leap-forward development,explore a new model of fishery development based on the'Economic Union',with'marine ranching-ecological farming-leisure tourism-featured products'as the main body.Based on relevant experience at home and abroad,the industrialization model of marine ranch with Tianjin characteristics should be established,which aims to provide strong support for the construction of"blue granary"in Tianjin,the implementation of Tianjin's coastal ranching strategy,and the promotion of Tianjin coastal ecosystem reconstruction and fishery resource recovery.

Construction of the Evaluation Index System and Assessment on the Modern Agriculture Development of Bohai Rim

[Objetive] To make clear the regional agricultural development level.[Method] To accelerate the process of modern agricultural development of Bohai Rim,the assessment index system of modern agriculture was established preliminarily and the data of provinces and cities in Bohai Rim was evaluated and analyzed,regarding the comprehensive development level of modern agriculture as general target and the input level of modern agriculture,the output level of modern agriculture,the social development level of countryside and the sustainable development level of agriculture as grading index.[Result] The results showed that Bohai Rim just entered the developmental stage of modern agriculture,with the integrated index of 0.585.Viewed from regional perspective,Beijing topped the others with the index of 0.798,which was followed by 0.694 of Tianjin,0.644 of Shandong,0.606 of Liaoning and Hebei province had the lowest value of 0.595.[Conclusion] Among all cities in this region,none of them reached at the developed level of modern agriculture.There were ten cities,which were mainly located in Shandong Province,were at the primary stage while the most of others were at the preliminary or initial stage.

Status quo and Development Strategies for Protected Vegetable Industry in Qinghai Province

The study introduced protected agriculture development in Qinghai province and concluded its development scale, type and structure, as well as technology supports. Besides, existing problems were proposed such as lower production-level, poor equipment, fewer specialized bases, and countermeasures include the following： leading protected agriculture development by macro-control; strengthening market supervision; improving scientific research and innovation to help S ＆ T achievement transformation.

Research of Comprehensive Evaluation of Agricultural Land Suitability in Typical Area of Huanghuaihai Plain based on GIS

The paper aims to study agricultural land suitability in typical agricultural area in Huanghuaihai plain by the comprehensive evaluation of natural factors and environmental conditions of agricultural land with Liaocheng area in Shangdong Province in the center of Huanghuaihai plain as a case.The results suggested that the land quality in Liaocheng was above the average and accorded with the local practical situation.The authors validated the scientificity of agricultural land suitability study by using GIS technology and proposed some suggestions on analysis results.

Development of Leisure Agriculture in Hainan

Through in-depth analysis, this paper proposed development planning of leisure agriculture in Hainan. The layout included orderly development and overal planning, connection of three expressways and middle area for recreation and the rest for sightseeing; the site selection should develop depending on central cities, relying on major projects and famous mountains or landscapes; the connotation in-volved exploitation of farming culture, presenting national customs of indigenous people, highlights given to island and coasts and emphasizing tropic agriculture. What＇s more, the suggestions were proposed to advance leisure agriculture of Hainan, including to formulate scientific planning to lead leisure agriculture develop-ment, to give policy supports and enterprise management, to improve promotion and broadening market and to enhance education and improve industry quality. On basis of lots of data and examples, the research enriched the content of leisure agricul-ture in Hainan, which is conductive to development of Hainan leisure agriculture, and of significance for construction of leisure agriculture sites and supports of the agriculture by government.

郴州市工交系统积极向《经贸导刊》杂志投稿

为了加大对工交系统的宣传力度.郴州市经委最近下文,要求所属单位积极向《经贸导刊》杂志投稿,并提出两点具体要求:一是要加强《经贸导刊》订阅和投稿工作的领导.《经贸导刊》在国内外公开发行,交流范围很广,对介绍企业产品,提高企业知名度,了解市场行情,借鉴外地经验等很有帮助.为此,要求各县(市、区)工交办、各行业、市属各企业充分认以《经贸导刊》

我国出入境检验检疫标志正式启用

【正】 据了解,整个徽标的含义为:国徽是国家权力的象征,表示出入境检验检疫部门依照国家的法律、法规行使职权维护国家利益;蛇杖由交缠在橄榄枝上的两蛇和伸展的双翼组成,为国际通用标识,代表国际贸易;天平代表出入境检检疫工作的公正性与准确性;长城表示出入境检验检疫部门的执法把关职能;天蓝色象征着我国出入境检验检疫事业海阔天空,前途远大;

Discussion on Feasibility of Adjustment Program for Jiangmen Chinese White Dolphin Provincial Nature Reserve

From the protection of Chinese white dolphin and living environment,and considering the industrial development in coastal areas,we put forward adjustment program for Jiangmen Chinese White Dolphin Provincial Nature Reserve. Meanwhile we analyzed the feasibility of this program by systematically focusing the effect of adjusted functional regions on Chinese white dolphin.

Carrying Capacity of Grassland and Sustainable Development of Animal Husbandry in Qinghai Lake Area

Based on the estimation of carrying capacity of grassland and status analysis of animal husbandry in Qinghai Lake area, the paper explores the strategic measure of sustainable development of animal husbandry in Qinghai Lake area under the actual conditions.

APPROACH TO THE REGIONALIZATION OF A GRICULTURAL-PASTURALIZATION AROUND CHANGSHAN ISLANDS IN NORTHERN YELLOW SEA

Based on the data of resources,environment and foundation of productio n,applying principal compo-nents-clustering quantitative analysis,this article divides the maritime space of Changshan Islands into three regions of agricultural-pasturalization,pr oviding a scientific basis for the ra tional distribution of marine culti vation.The three re-gions are as follows:1)The region of an agricultural-pastu ralization in the northern part of ma ritime space.It includes Da Wangjia and Shicheng islands.The ma in production is cultivation of praw n and molluscs in sea beach,float raft culture of mussel in shallow sea and scallop,and breeding of sea cucumber in subma rine.2)The region of agricultur-al-pasturalization in the middle we stern part of maritime space.It includes Da Changshan and Guanglu island s,and west-ern part of Xiao Chengshan Island.The main production is float raft cultu re of mussel and scallop in shallow se a,and breed-ing of sea cucumber in submarine.3)The region of agricultural-pastura lization of the southeastern part of maritime space.It includes the eastern part of Xiao ChangShan Island,Haiyang and Zhangzi islands.The main production is bre eding of abalone,sea cucumber,algaes and fish.

Remote Monitoring of Expansion of Aquaculture Ponds Along Coastal Region of the Yellow River Delta from 1983 to 2015

Aquaculture ponds are one of the fastest-growing land use types in valuable and fertile coastal areas and have caused serious environmental problems. Quantitative assessment of the extent, spatial distribution, and dynamics of aquaculture ponds is of utmost importance for sustainable economic development and scientific management of land and water resources in the coastal area. An object-oriented classification approach was applied to Landsat images acquired over three decades to investigate the long-term change of aquaculture ponds in the coastal region of the Yellow River Delta. The results indicated that the aquaculture ponds in the study area undergone a sharp expansion from 40.38 km^2 in 1983 to 1406.89 km^2 in 2015, and the fast expansion occurred during the period of 2010–2015 and 1990–2000. Natural wetlands, especially mudflat, and cropland were main land use types contributing to the increase of aquaculture ponds. The patches of aquaculture ponds were consequently prevalence in the north of the Yellow River Estuary and landscape metrics indicated an increase of the aquaculture ponds of the study area in the quantity and complexity. The expansion of aquaculture ponds inevitably had negative effects on the coastal environment, including loss of natural wetlands, water pollution and land subsidence, etc. The results from this study provide baseline data and valuable information for efficiently planning and managing aquaculture practices and for effectively implementing adequate regulations and protection measures.

FIas the ＂Flying Geese＂ Paradigm Occurred in China？

In economic literature, the term ＇flying geese＂ refers to the movement of capital from developed regions to less developed ones. Using national data from abovescale manufacturing enterprises, this paper investigates whether the experience of ＂flying geese＂ has transpired in China for manufacturing industries. We find that, driven by the effects of agglomeration, prior to the mid-2000s, there had been an increasing concentration of industrial activities in the coastal regions. However, as labor and land costs increased, the manufacturing sector - especially the labor-intensive industries - began to relocate from the coastal to the interior regions.

DNA barcoding of the family Sparidae along the coast of China and revelation of potential cryptic diversity in the IndoWest Pacific oceans based on COI and 16S rRNA genes

Sparids are of considerable economic importance in marine fishery and aquaculture in China, and the species diversity of this group is considered relatively high. However, the accurate species identification and delimitation of sparids in China remain unaddressed. In this study, we used mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit ?(COI) and 16S ribosomal RNA(16S) genes to conduct DNA barcoding and species delimitation in eleven sparid species from the coastal waters of China. Based on Kimura-2 parameter genetic distances, the mean intraspecific/interspecific variation for COI and 16S were calculated as 0.004/0.152 and 0.002/0.072, respectively. All the conspecific individuals formed monophyletic clusters in neighbour-joining trees of both markers. An obvious barcoding gap was detected for each species, and a common genetic threshold of 1.3% sequence divergence was defined for species delimitation in both markers. Although the sequence variation of 16S was generally lower than that of COI, the results indicated that sparid species could be ef fectively and accurately identified and delimited by COI as well as 16S. Thus, we propose that the COI gene serve as the standard DNA barcode for sparids, and that the 16S gene could also be an ideal candidate barcode. Moreover, each of the six sparid species( Argyrops spinifer, Rhabdosargus sarba, Dentex hypselosomus, Acanthopagrus latus, Acanthopagrus australis and Acanthopagrus berda) showed high intraspecific divergence(>1.3% genetic threshold) with the remarkable geographic lineages in the Indo-West Pacific oceans, which supported that potential unrecognized cryptic species were in them. The potential cryptic diversity revealed here might be primarily attributed to the allopatric divergences caused by the long-term geographic isolation between the Indian and West Pacific oceans or between the opposite sides of the Indian Ocean. The results further suggest that a revision of taxonomic status of these species is required, followed by development of a biodiversity conservation strategy.

Population parameters and dynamic pool models of commercial fishes in the Beibu Gulf, northern South China Sea

Length-frequency data of eight commercial fish species in the Beibu Gulf （Golf of Tonkin）, northern South China Sea, were collected during 2006-2007. Length-weight relationships and growth and mortality parameters were analyzed using FiSAT II software. Five species had isometric growth, two species had negative allometric growth, and one species had positive allometric growth. Overall, the exploitation rates of the eight species were lower in 2006 2007 than in 1997-1999： for four species （Saurida tumbil, Saurida undosquamis, Argyrosomus macrocephalus, and Nemipterus virgatus） it was lower in 2006-2007 than in 1997 1999, for two species （Parargyrops edita and Trichiurus haumela） it remained the same, and for the other two species （Trachurus japonicus and Decapterus maruadsi） it was higher in 2006~007 than in 1997-1999. The exploitation rates might have declined because of the decline in fishing intensity caused by high crude oil prices. The optimum exploitation rate, estimated using Beverton-Holt dynamic pool models, indicated that although fishes in the Beibu Gulf could sustain high exploitation rates, the under-size fishes at first capture resulted in low yields. To increase the yield per recruitment, it is more effective to increase the size at first capture than to control fishing effort.

Application of CEDA and ASPIC computer packages to the hairtail (Trichiurus japonicus) fishery in the East China Sea

Surplus-production models are widely used in fish stock assessment and fisheries management due to their simplicity and lower data demands than age-structured models such as Virtual Population Analysis. The CEDA (catch-effort data analysis) and ASPIC (a surplus-production model incorporating covariates) computer packages are data-fitting or parameter estimation tools that have been developed to analyze catch-and-effort data using non-equilibrium surplus production models. We applied CEDA and ASPIC to the hairtail (Trichiurus japonicus) fishery in the East China Sea. Both packages produced robust results and yielded similar estimates. In CEDA, the Schaefer surplus production model with log-normal error assumption produced results close to those of ASPIC. CEDA is sensitive to the choice of initial proportion, while ASPIC is not. However, CEDA produced higher R 2 values than ASPIC.

Interactions of Aquaculture and Waste Disposal in the Coastal Zone

Throughout the world, the coastal zones of many countries are used increasingly for aquaculture in addition to other activities such as waste disposal. These activities can cause environmental problems and health problems where they overlap. The interaction between aquaculture and waste disposal, and their relationship with eutrophication are the subjects of this paper. Sewage discharge without adequate dispersion can lead to nutrient elevation and hence eutrophication which has clearly negative effects on aquaculture with the potential for toxic blooms. Blooms may be either toxic or anoxia-causing through the decay process or simply clog the gills of filter-feeding animals in some cases. With the development of aquaculture, especially intensive aquaculture, many environmental problems appeared, and have resulted in eutrophication in some areas. Eutrophication may destroy the health of whole ecosystem which is important for sustainable aquaculture. Sewage discharge may also cause serious public health problems. Filter-feeding shellfish growing in sewage-polluted waters accumulate micro-organisms, including human pathogenic bacteria and viruses, and heavy metal ion, presenting a significant health risk. Some farmed animals may also accumulate heavy metals from sewage. Bivalves growing in areas affected by toxic algae blooms may accumulate toxins (such as PSP, DSP) which can be harmful to human beings.

A preliminary discussion on the construction of marine ranching in Tianjin

Introduces the development connotation,development ideas,practice history and future prospects of Tianjin Ocean Ranch under the background of the development of national marine pastures.Combine the development process of China's marine pastures with the practice of Tianjin Ocean Ranch,the development characteristics of Tianjin marine pastures are analyzed.It is concluded that,for the future construction of Tianjin Ocean Ranch,we can focus on promoting the transformation of marine development mode to recycling,and construct a marine space development pattern of land-sea coordination and human-sea harmony,in order to accelerate the realization of Tianjin's"One Base and Three Districts"objective.We will make greater contributions to the quality of a well-off society and the creation of a beautiful new environment in Tianjin.Modern marine pastures are a long-term,complex and scientific systematic project that requires great attention and attention from all walks of life.

Offshore Wind-Parks and Northern Europe＇s Mild Winters： Contribution from Ships, Fishery, et cetera？

The marine environment of North Sea and Baltic is one of the most heavily strained by numerous human activities. Simultaneously water and air temperatures increase more than elsewhere in Europe and globally, which cannot be explained with ＂global warming＂. The climatic change issue would be better understood if this extraordinary regional warming is sufficiently explained. The regional features are unique for in-depth studies due to different summer-winter conditions, shallowness of the seas, geographical structure, and main pathway for maritime weather patterns moving eastwards. The impact of sea activities on the seasonal sea water profile structure is contributing to stronger regional warming, change in growing season, and less severe sea ice conditions. The impact of the man, whether small or large, should be understood very soon and very thoroughly.

Energy Consumption and Greenhouse Gas Emission of Korean Offshore Fisheries

This paper presents the energy and greenhouse gas(GHG) emission assessments of Korean offshore fisheries. The consumption of energy by fisheries is a significant concern because of its attendant environmental effect, as well as the cost of the fuel consumed in fishing industry. With the global attention of reducing GHG emission and increasing energy efficiency of fuel, the seafood industry needs to further understand its energy use and reduce its GHG emission. In the present study, the amount of energy consumed and the GHG emission of Korean offshore fisheries in a period from 2009 to 2013 were examined. Offshore fisheries accounted for 24% of Korean production in 2013 and 60% of fuel consumption related GHG emission. Whereas the total GHG emission intensity of this sector improved slightly between 2009 and 2012; as such emission decreased by approximately 1.9%, which increased again in 2013. The average amount of total GHG emission in this five years period was 1.78 × 10~6 tons of carbon dioxide equivalent/year(tCO_2eq. y^(-1)). Active fishing gear was found to consume 20% more fuel than passive gear. However, the production from passive gear was 28%, lower than 72% from active gear. The reason for this is that less abundant stationary resources are harvested using passive gear. Furthermore, the consumption of fuel was significantly influenced by the fishing method. Implementation and development of new fishing technologies and methods are important for improving energy efficiency and reducing the climate impact on fisheries. To realize these purposes, the fishery management system needs to be established by centralizing on energy efficiency and climate effect.