黄土区露天煤矿排土场不同微地貌土壤种子库特征

黄土区露天煤矿排土场边坡水力冲刷强烈,不同植被恢复模式与水力作用耦合形成的不同微地貌可通过对种子的不同拦截作用而影响植被的恢复及发展。为了探讨排土场不同微地貌对种子的拦截效益及不同植被恢复模式的恢复潜力,选取不同恢复模式下形成的细沟、丛岛和草带三种微地貌为研究对象,以邻近裸坡为对照,研究不同微地貌土壤种子库特征及其拦截力。结果表明:(1)在不同微地貌中土壤种子库均以一年生藜科和禾本科植物为主;丛岛微生境的土壤种子库中有较丰富的物种和较高的多样性指数。(2)各微地貌的土壤种子库均具有表层聚集现象;草带微地貌中的土壤种子库总储量最大,且草带的0—2 cm土层处的土壤种子库密度显著高于各微地貌的各个土层(P<0.05)。(3)细沟和丛岛在上坡位对种子的拦截效果更好,草带在下坡位对种子的拦截效果更好。综上所述,沙蒿恢复模式形成的丛岛有利于增加土壤种子库的物种多样性,草带有利于增加土壤种子库的储量,故在黄土区排土场进行植被恢复时可以利用不同微地貌对土壤种子库分布特征的优势构建适宜的复合植被恢复模式。

Heterotrophic Bacterial Floras in Industrial Area and Unpolluted Marine Environments around Qingdao

From Oct. 1999 to Oct. 2000, the heterotrophic bacterial floras in the industrial marine environment around the Qingdao Power Plant (QPP) and in the unpolluted marine environments were investigated. The results showed that the numbers of the heterotrophic bacteria around QPP were much higher than those in unpolluted environments, and the average numbers in QPP Seawater, QPP Sediment, Unpolluted Seawater and Unpolluted Sediment were 5.4×104cfu(mL) -1, 5.0×105cfug -1, 3.0×102cfu(mL) -1 and 1.3×105cfug -1 respectively. Totally, 118 strains were isolated from QPP and 99 of them were Gram-negative. One hundred and twenty one strains were isolated from the unpolluted environments and 104 of them were Gram-negative. All the Gram-negative bacteria belonged to 13 genera. The distribution of the bacteria was varied in different marine environments. The results showed that the unpolluted marine environments contained much more Vibrio than seawater and sediment around QPP.