丛枝菌根育苗缓解西瓜枯萎病的机制

西瓜易受尖孢镰刀菌侵害发生枯萎病。植物形成丛枝菌根(AM)可有效促进养分吸收和病害防控。在田间直接接种丛枝菌根菌时,侵染效率和生态效应多数会受到限制。采用育苗期接种丛枝菌根菌(Rhizophagus intraradices,R.i)培养菌根苗,成苗后移栽入盆钵,研究西瓜丛枝菌根苗在抗西瓜枯萎病中的作用及其机制。将西瓜丛枝菌根苗移栽入大田,研究丛枝菌根西瓜苗在田间防控西瓜枯萎病及改善磷营养的效果。结果表明,苗期形成的丛枝菌根苗,在移栽后上调几丁质酶编码基因ClPR4、ClPR5在根系的表达量,上调b-1,3-葡聚糖酶编码基因ClGlu3和苯丙氨酸解氨酶编码基因ClPAL4、ClPAL11在根系的表达量;西瓜丛枝菌根育苗提高了根际土壤酸性磷酸酶活性,提高土壤有效磷含量,改善磷营养,提高西瓜植株抗枯萎病的能力。同时丛枝菌根育苗提高了西瓜根际土壤中的丛枝菌根菌孢子数,降低了根际土壤中病原菌数量,降低西瓜枯萎病发病率及病情指数。因此,丛枝菌根育苗上调了西瓜植株抗性相关酶基因表达,提高西瓜抗病性;同时提高了根际酸性磷酸酶活性而改善了磷营养,提高植株抗病能力。

Effects of Seedling-cake Integrated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Resistance of Bacterial Wilt in Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.)

[Objective] The aim was to investigated the effects of seedling-cake with AMF on resistance of pepper （Capsicum annuum L.） to bacterial wilt. [Methods] A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the dynamics of mycorrhizal colonization, disease index, morbidity rate, control effect and several agronomic traits of mycorrhizal seedlings after inoculation with RS in two kinds of seeding-cakes with AMF. [Results] Two kinds of seedling-cakes formed steadily mycorrhizal colonization after inoculation, which enhanced disease-resistance and decreased morbidity rate and disease index in different degrees. What’s more, the performance of self-made seedling-cakes was obviously better than that of commercial seedling-cakes. [Conclusions] Self-made seedling-cakes with AMF have superior performance on bacterial wilt resistance of pepper, which should be made use of in other crops extensively.