This paper presents an analysis of the impact of wind on the transport of the Changiiang River Diluted Water (CRDW) in August by using the salinity data col- lected on two zonal sections near Cheju-do. Based on the ...This paper presents an analysis of the impact of wind on the transport of the Changiiang River Diluted Water (CRDW) in August by using the salinity data col- lected on two zonal sections near Cheju-do. Based on the climatological mean conditions and four extreme events, the analysis indicates that wind-induced Ekman transport plays an important role in the extension of the CRDW. The strong northeastward Ekman transport induced by southeasterly wind in 1996, 2003, 2004, and 2006 pushes the core of the CRDW to the sea adjacent to Cheju-do. A comparison of the wind variation before observation among these four extreme events indicates that the expan- sion pattern of the CRDW is primarily changed by synop- tic variation with tirnescales of days to weeks, such as during a typhoon. The weak eastward extension of the CRDW in 2004, accompanied with a relatively strong southerly wind, implies that the oceanographic state (e.g., the depth of halocline) may strongly affect the impact of wind on the extension of the CRDW.展开更多
The PRD (Pearl River Delta) was subjected to two transgressions respectively in the latest Pleistocene and Holocene. Position of coastal line of the latest Pleistocene transgression in some localities, especially at...The PRD (Pearl River Delta) was subjected to two transgressions respectively in the latest Pleistocene and Holocene. Position of coastal line of the latest Pleistocene transgression in some localities, especially at the center part of PRD is still uncertain. Thus quaternary sandy sediments in the central PRD are dated by OSL Optically Stimulated Luminescence) for determining the ancient coastal line. Samples are from Xiaohushan Hill at the center of PRD, where quaternary sediments deposited on a wave-cut platlbrm consist of two kinds of sediments: marine muddy-silt on the top and alluvial fine-sand in the lower part. The former is dated at 5.0-5.5 ka, which defines the time of Holocene transgression in the PRD. The alluvial fine-sand in the part is dated at 22-26 ka. For the alluvial fine-sand rests directly on a wave-cut platform, thus this wave-cut platform should have been existed before deposit of alluvial sand, i.e., formed during an earlier marine transgression that may have culminated in the sea level high at about 40 ka. The optically stimulated luminescence results are consistent with geological observations and compatible with TL (thermoluminescence) and ^14C ages from the same layers at other localities of the PRD.展开更多
The growth of peripheral ports to dominant hubs has been well documented in North America and Europe,and has led to the elaboration of several theoretical models.However,although changes in containerization growth hav...The growth of peripheral ports to dominant hubs has been well documented in North America and Europe,and has led to the elaboration of several theoretical models.However,although changes in containerization growth have been taking place in the South and East Asia in recent years,particularly in China,only a few studies have fo-cused on this region.The Pearl(Zhujiang) River Delta(PRD) has a typical port system with hub and peripheral ports,and provides an excellent case for studying the Peripheral Challenge.This paper introduces the theoretical evidence of the Hayuth model and analyzes the evolution of the container port system in the PRD with five phases:1) phase I:preconditions for change and phase II:initial container port development in the 1970s and early 1980s;2) phase III:diffusion,consolidation,and port concentration in the middle and late 1980s;3) phase IV:the load center in the 1990s;and(4) phase V:the Peripheral Challenge since the late 1990s.The results illustrate that the Shenzhen port presents mounting challenges to the Hong Kong port,descending from a transshipment hub of China to a regional load center of Southeast China.Furthermore,this paper explores five points that have led to the evolution of the port system in the PRD:1) competition in the regional port systems;2) different interested parties;3) shift of investment strategies of in-ternational terminal operators;4) integration of shipping networks and reorganization of carriers;and 5) cost-based competition.展开更多
SO2 is an important gas in atmosphere with great environmental and climate implications.SO2 emission in China has been receiving great attention as the economy grows and the amount of coal consumption has increased in...SO2 is an important gas in atmosphere with great environmental and climate implications.SO2 emission in China has been receiving great attention as the economy grows and the amount of coal consumption has increased in the past few decades.SO2 has been observed from July 2005 to June 2010 at Linan WMO GAW regional station(30.3 °N,119.73 °E,138 m a.s.l.) located in the Yangtze Delta region in eastern China.These observation data are analyzed to understand the trend of regional SO2 background concentration.Strict quality controls are conducted to ensure the temporal comparability of the data.Significant downward trend with ?2.4 ppb/yr(P < 0.0001) of surface SO2 is observed from 2005 to 2010,especially after 2008.The average concentration of SO2 from July 2005 to June 2008 is 14.2±3.1 ppb,which is slightly higher than the mean values of 13.5±5.1 ppb during 1999?2000 and is two folds of the average value(7.1±3.1 ppb) from July 2008 to June 2010.More than 50% of the SO2 has been cut down after 2008 in the Yangtze Delta region due to the implementation of stricter emission control measures.The peak SO2 concentration appears around 10 o'clock in the morning after 2009 while appears at night before 2009.These diurnal variations of SO2 might indicate that after 2009,more SO2 is from the vertical exchange process than from the local accumulation.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40906014 and 40976015)the Marine Science Foundation of State Oceanic Administration of China for the Youth (2010218)
文摘This paper presents an analysis of the impact of wind on the transport of the Changiiang River Diluted Water (CRDW) in August by using the salinity data col- lected on two zonal sections near Cheju-do. Based on the climatological mean conditions and four extreme events, the analysis indicates that wind-induced Ekman transport plays an important role in the extension of the CRDW. The strong northeastward Ekman transport induced by southeasterly wind in 1996, 2003, 2004, and 2006 pushes the core of the CRDW to the sea adjacent to Cheju-do. A comparison of the wind variation before observation among these four extreme events indicates that the expan- sion pattern of the CRDW is primarily changed by synop- tic variation with tirnescales of days to weeks, such as during a typhoon. The weak eastward extension of the CRDW in 2004, accompanied with a relatively strong southerly wind, implies that the oceanographic state (e.g., the depth of halocline) may strongly affect the impact of wind on the extension of the CRDW.
文摘The PRD (Pearl River Delta) was subjected to two transgressions respectively in the latest Pleistocene and Holocene. Position of coastal line of the latest Pleistocene transgression in some localities, especially at the center part of PRD is still uncertain. Thus quaternary sandy sediments in the central PRD are dated by OSL Optically Stimulated Luminescence) for determining the ancient coastal line. Samples are from Xiaohushan Hill at the center of PRD, where quaternary sediments deposited on a wave-cut platlbrm consist of two kinds of sediments: marine muddy-silt on the top and alluvial fine-sand in the lower part. The former is dated at 5.0-5.5 ka, which defines the time of Holocene transgression in the PRD. The alluvial fine-sand in the part is dated at 22-26 ka. For the alluvial fine-sand rests directly on a wave-cut platform, thus this wave-cut platform should have been existed before deposit of alluvial sand, i.e., formed during an earlier marine transgression that may have culminated in the sea level high at about 40 ka. The optically stimulated luminescence results are consistent with geological observations and compatible with TL (thermoluminescence) and ^14C ages from the same layers at other localities of the PRD.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.41171108)Knowledge Innovation Programs of Chinese Academy of Sciences (No.KZCXZ-YW-Q10-4-1)Project of National Science and Technology Infrastructure Program (No.2008BAH31B05)
文摘The growth of peripheral ports to dominant hubs has been well documented in North America and Europe,and has led to the elaboration of several theoretical models.However,although changes in containerization growth have been taking place in the South and East Asia in recent years,particularly in China,only a few studies have fo-cused on this region.The Pearl(Zhujiang) River Delta(PRD) has a typical port system with hub and peripheral ports,and provides an excellent case for studying the Peripheral Challenge.This paper introduces the theoretical evidence of the Hayuth model and analyzes the evolution of the container port system in the PRD with five phases:1) phase I:preconditions for change and phase II:initial container port development in the 1970s and early 1980s;2) phase III:diffusion,consolidation,and port concentration in the middle and late 1980s;3) phase IV:the load center in the 1990s;and(4) phase V:the Peripheral Challenge since the late 1990s.The results illustrate that the Shenzhen port presents mounting challenges to the Hong Kong port,descending from a transshipment hub of China to a regional load center of Southeast China.Furthermore,this paper explores five points that have led to the evolution of the port system in the PRD:1) competition in the regional port systems;2) different interested parties;3) shift of investment strategies of in-ternational terminal operators;4) integration of shipping networks and reorganization of carriers;and 5) cost-based competition.
基金supported by the Planning Project Fund of Humanities and Social Science,Ministry of Education,China (11YJAZH071)the Basic Research Fund of CAMS (2011Z003)+1 种基金CMA (GYHY200706036)Desert Meteorological Foundation of CMA (Sqj2010012)
文摘SO2 is an important gas in atmosphere with great environmental and climate implications.SO2 emission in China has been receiving great attention as the economy grows and the amount of coal consumption has increased in the past few decades.SO2 has been observed from July 2005 to June 2010 at Linan WMO GAW regional station(30.3 °N,119.73 °E,138 m a.s.l.) located in the Yangtze Delta region in eastern China.These observation data are analyzed to understand the trend of regional SO2 background concentration.Strict quality controls are conducted to ensure the temporal comparability of the data.Significant downward trend with ?2.4 ppb/yr(P < 0.0001) of surface SO2 is observed from 2005 to 2010,especially after 2008.The average concentration of SO2 from July 2005 to June 2008 is 14.2±3.1 ppb,which is slightly higher than the mean values of 13.5±5.1 ppb during 1999?2000 and is two folds of the average value(7.1±3.1 ppb) from July 2008 to June 2010.More than 50% of the SO2 has been cut down after 2008 in the Yangtze Delta region due to the implementation of stricter emission control measures.The peak SO2 concentration appears around 10 o'clock in the morning after 2009 while appears at night before 2009.These diurnal variations of SO2 might indicate that after 2009,more SO2 is from the vertical exchange process than from the local accumulation.