苏里格气田东二区致密砂岩储层裂缝与含气性的关系

鄂尔多斯盆地苏里格气田东区砂岩储层岩性致密,已成为制约天然气规模开发的主要因素。为此,在岩心观察的基础上,采用薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、铸体、压汞等分析方法,对该气田东二区下二叠统山西组山1段和下石盒子组盒8段的储层进行了分析。结果发现:研究区北部砂岩储层中裂缝(裂缝类型主要为构造裂缝和成岩裂缝)较发育,对储层物性有明显的改善作用,而南部则未见到构造裂缝;构造裂缝与溶蚀裂缝均沿构造带边界分布,是致密储层渗透率提高的重要因素;裂缝发育层段,砂岩含气性明显变好。因此,把握裂缝的分布规律对于储层预测、寻找高产气藏、搞好天然气开发设计与施工等具有重要意义。

A new species of the genus Panorpa L. (Mecoptera: Panorpidae) from the Daba Mountains of central China

Panorpa biclada, a new species of Panorpidae （Mecoptera）, is described and illustrated from the Daba Mountains of central China. It can be readily distinguished by the blackish thoracic nota with a light median stripe; forewings with only a prominent pterostigmal band at most in female, and no markings in male; the dorsal valve of aedeagus bifurcated medially into a short ventral branch and a long curved dorsal branch; the female genital plate with the main plate recurved ventrad into an arc-shaped lobe at the base, and the axis divergent broadly at the basal half.

Climate change and water resources： Case study of Eastern Monsoon Region of China

This paper addresses the impact of climate change on the water cycle and resource changes in the Eastern Monsoon Region of China （EMRC）. It also represents a summary of the achievements made by the National Key Basic Research and Development Program （2010CB428400）, where the major research focuses are detection and attribution, extreme floods and droughts, and adaptation of water resources management. Preliminary conclusions can be summarized into four points： 1） Water cycling and water resource changes in the EMRC are rather complicated as the region is impacted by natural changes relating to the strong monsoon influence and also by climate change impacts caused by CO2 emissions due to anthropogenic forcing; 2） the rate of natural variability contributing to the influence on precipitation accounts for about 70%, and the rate from anthropogenic forcing accounts for 30% on average in the EMRC. However, with future scenarios of increasing CO2 emissions, the contribution rate from anthropogenic forcing will increase and water resources management will experience greater issues related to the climate change impact; 3） Extreme floods and droughts in the EMRC will be an increasing trend, based on IPCC-AR5 scenarios; 4） Along with rising temperatures of 1 ~C in North China, the agricultural water consumption will increase to about 4% of total water consumption. Therefore, climate change is making a significant impact and will be a risk to the EMRC, which covers almost all of the eight major river basins, such as the Yangtze River, Yellow River, Huaihe River, Haihe River, and Pearl River, and to the South-to-North Water Diversion Project （middle line）. To ensure water security, it is urgently necessary to take adaptive countermeasures and reduce the vulnerability of water resources and associated risks.

LAND RECLAMATION PROCESS IN NORTHEAST CHINA SINCE 1900

Northeast China is an important agricultural region in China. The NortheastPlain is the largest plain in the country and one of the three famous black soil zones in the world.Despite of fertility of the soil, however, large-scale agricultural development mainly took placesince 1900. The land exploitation and utilization has been fast and intensive in this region sincethen and change in the land-cover process has been remarkable. Both national and internationalresearchers on land use and land cover are paying more attention to these processes in this regionand their implication for local ecological environment. This article discusses the land reclamationprocesses and their main driving forces in Northeast China since 1900. According to the research,the 20th century was the most important period for land reclamation in Northeast China. In theseyears the rate, intensity and quantity of land reclamation have been staggering, and more than 100000km^2 of land was converted into farmland. This magnitude of land reclamation inland is unique inthe world. Research on the land reclamation of Northeast China can provide some data on the effectof human activity on environment. As in many other places in the world, the primary driving force ofreclamation in Northeast China was the increasing pressure of population. In the 20th century thepopulation increased from 10 x 10~6 to 110 x 10~6 in Northeast China and from 400 x 10~6 to 1. 3 x10^9 in China. Population pressure is thus the most important driving force for land reclamation.

Significant downward trend of SO_2 observed from 2005 to 2010 at a background station in the Yangtze Delta region,China

SO2 is an important gas in atmosphere with great environmental and climate implications.SO2 emission in China has been receiving great attention as the economy grows and the amount of coal consumption has increased in the past few decades.SO2 has been observed from July 2005 to June 2010 at Linan WMO GAW regional station(30.3 °N,119.73 °E,138 m a.s.l.) located in the Yangtze Delta region in eastern China.These observation data are analyzed to understand the trend of regional SO2 background concentration.Strict quality controls are conducted to ensure the temporal comparability of the data.Significant downward trend with ?2.4 ppb/yr(P < 0.0001) of surface SO2 is observed from 2005 to 2010,especially after 2008.The average concentration of SO2 from July 2005 to June 2008 is 14.2±3.1 ppb,which is slightly higher than the mean values of 13.5±5.1 ppb during 1999?2000 and is two folds of the average value(7.1±3.1 ppb) from July 2008 to June 2010.More than 50% of the SO2 has been cut down after 2008 in the Yangtze Delta region due to the implementation of stricter emission control measures.The peak SO2 concentration appears around 10 o'clock in the morning after 2009 while appears at night before 2009.These diurnal variations of SO2 might indicate that after 2009,more SO2 is from the vertical exchange process than from the local accumulation.

In situ measurement of atmospheric carbon dioxide at Yanbian,China:Estimating its northeast Asian emission regions

High-precision(±0.1 ppm) and high-frequency(hourly averaged) in situ measurements of atmospheric carbon dioxide(CO2) were made for the first time from August 2005 to July 2007 at Yanbian,China using a non-dispersive Infrared(NDIR) analyzer with National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Earth System Research Laboratory(NOAA/ESRL) standards.The results of these measurements are presented in this paper and are used to investigate the regional representativeness of regional background data at Yanbian and determine the CO2 emission source regions in Northeast Asia.The phase of the monthly variations at Yanbian reflects the special regional characteristics,which were overall in excellent agreement with other observatories in the middle-to-high latitudes in the Northern Hemisphere.Applying a hybrid receptor model to the regional emission source events in cold period(November-April),we estimated the distribution of the major CO2 emissions in the northeast Asia.The results indicated that the strongest potential emission areas contributing to Yanbian are the Beijing & Tianjin metropolitan areas,southwestern part of Shandong Province including Jinan,and Vladivostok.The results of this study reveal the usefulness of in situ CO2 measurements at Yanbian in establishing the scientific foundation for monitoring the large CO2 emission areas in northern China and Russia.Continued monitoring of CO2 at Yanbian within a regional network should provide significant contributions to both understanding the global/regional carbon cycle and constraining "top-down" emissions in Northeast Asia.