春季青藏高原感热通量对不同海区海温强迫的响应及其对我国东部降水的影响

本文利用在青藏高原适用性较好的ERA-interim地表感热通量资料,研究了1981-2010年青藏高原春季地表感热通量的年际变率与前期不同海区海温强迫的联系,以及这种联系对我国东部降水可能造成的影响。结果表明,春季青藏高原地表感热通量的年际变化有两个主要的模态,分别与前期太平洋以及印度洋海温有密切联系。与冬季ENSO事件相应的赤道中东太平洋海温强迫可以激发一个向极向西的波列,通过改变青藏高原南侧的环流和降水异常,形成一个纬向偶极型分布的高原感热第一模态,其对应的时间序列主要表现为准5a的振荡,与ENSO事件的周期较为吻合;而春季印度洋的三极型海温分布可以强迫出一个跨越南北半球的波列,使青藏高原主体表现为东风异常,减弱背景西风,从而形成一个青藏高原主体与周围反相关的回字形感热第二模态,其主要呈现5~7a的振荡周期。ENSO事件以及印度洋海温分布分别与青藏高原春季感热两个主模态相联系,并且冬春季海温与高原春季感热主模态对我国东部春季降水有协同影响,对于我国北方降水异常而言,高原的贡献相对海洋更重要。

Impact of interannual variations of spring sea ice in the Barents Sea on East Asian rainfall in June

This study reveals a significant relationship, on the interannual timescale, between a dipole mode, the second leading mode, of spring sea-ice anomalies in the Barents Sea and the following-summer rainfall in East Asia. Related to the dipole mode, with the heavier sea ice in the north and lighter sea ice in the southeast Barents Sea in spring, the East Asian summer subtropical rainy belt tends to move northward. The significant relationship is established through a wave train over northern Eurasia in the lower troposphere in June. The wave train enhances the northern East Asian low, which induces more rainfall to the north of the East Asian subtropical rainy belt and then attracts the subtropical rainy belt to move northward. This study suggests that the dipole mode of spring sea-ice anomalies in the Barents Sea may be a good precursor for the prediction of East Asian summer rainfall.

Weakening of Winter North Atlantic Oscillation Signal in Spring Precipitation over Southern China

In this study,the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） in winter （DecemberFebruary） and the precipitation over southem China （SCP） in the following spring （March-May） was investigated.Results showed an interdecadal change,from strong to weak connection,in their connection.Before the early 1980s,they were highly correlated,with a strong （weak） winter NAO followed by an increased （decreased） spring SCP.However,after the early 1980s,their relationship was weakened significantly.This unstable relationship may be linked to the climatological change of East Asian jet.Before the early 1980s,the wave train along the Asian jet propagated the NAO signal eastward to East Asia and affected local upper-tropospheric atmospheric circulation.A strong NAO in winter led to an anomalous anticyclonic circulation at the south side of 30°N in East Asia in spring,resulting in an increase of SCP.In contrast,after the early 1980s,the wave train pattern along the Asian jet extended eastward due to strengthening of the climatological East Asian jet.Correspondingly,the NAO-related East Asian atmospheric circulations in the upper troposphere shifted eastward,thereby weakening the linkage between the spring SCP and the winter NAO.

The link between the Victoria mode in the preceding boreal winter and spring precipitation over the southeastern USA and Gulf of Mexico

The sea surface temperature anomalies （SSTAs） associated with the Victoria mode （VM） can persist into the following season and then influence climate variability in the tropical Pacific. This paper demonstrates the connection between the preceding boreal winter VM and precipitation in the following spring over the southeastern United States （SE USA） and the Gulf of Mexico （GM）. The results indicate that a positive （negative） preceding winter VM is usually followed by increased （reduced） precipitation over the SE USA and GM during the following spring. The corresponding mechanism is similar, but slightly different to, the seasonal footprinting mechanism. For positive VM cases, the preceding-winter VM-related SSTAs appear to persist into the following spring via air- sea interactions, which then induce low-level convergence and vigorous ascending motion, leading to an adjustment of the zonal and meridional circulation. This adjustment can then influence the local Hadley cell by weakening the downward branch. These anomalous patterns of vertical airflow enhance spring precipitation over the SE USA and GM under suitable moisture conditions. Hence, this work demonstrates that the preceding-winter VM has the potential to regulate precipitation over the SE USA and GM in the following spring.