Heavy metal pollutants are a worldwide concern due to slow decomposition, biocondensation, and negative effects on human health. We investigated seasonal and spatial variations of the five heavy metals and evaluated t...Heavy metal pollutants are a worldwide concern due to slow decomposition, biocondensation, and negative effects on human health. We investigated seasonal and spatial variations of the five heavy metals and evaluated their health risk in the Liaohe River, Northeast China. A total of 324 surface water samples collected from 2009 to 2010 were analyzed. Levels(high to low) of heavy metals in the Liaohe River were: zinc(Zn) > chromium(Cr) > copper(Cu) > cadmium(Cd) > mercury(Hg). Spatial and seasonal changes impacting concentrations of Cu and Zn were significant, but not significant for Cr, Cd and Hg. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were: Hg at Liuheqiao, Cu at Fudedian, Zn at Tongjiangkou, Cr at Mahushan, and Cd at Shenglitang. The highest concentrations of Hg and Cr were found in the wet period, Cu and Cd in the level period, and Zn in the dry period. The surface water of a tributary was an important accumulation site for heavy metals. Health risks from carcinogens and non-carcinogens increased from upstream to downstream in the mainstream of the Liaohe River. The total health risk for one person in the Liaohe River exceeded acceptable levels. The total health risk was the greatest during the wet period and least in the dry period. Among the five heavy metals in the Liaohe River, Cr posed the greatest single health risk.展开更多
We studied the impact of sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) in the Japan Sea and the sea area east of Japan on the winter rainfall and air temperature in Northeast(NE) China using the singular value decomposition(S...We studied the impact of sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) in the Japan Sea and the sea area east of Japan on the winter rainfall and air temperature in Northeast(NE) China using the singular value decomposition(SVD) and empirical orthogonal function(EOF). The monthly-mean rainfall data observed at 160 stations in China, monthly-mean sea surface temperature(SST) of the Hadley Center for Climate Prediction and Research and monthly-mean air temperature from the NCEP reanalysis during 1960–2011 were used. Correlation analysis indicates that the SSTAs in the Japan Sea in September may last for three or four months and are an important index for forecasting the winter rainfall and air temperature in NE China. Positive SSTAs in the central Japan Sea and in the sea area east of Tokyo correspond to positive rainfall anomaly and negative air temperature anomaly in NE China. With the rise of SST in the Japan Sea, a weak cyclone appears over the Japan Sea. The northeasterly wind transports water vapor from the Okhotsk to NE China, resulting in more rainfall and lower air temperature. Negative SSTA years are accompanied by warmer air temperature and less snow in NE China. The 1000 h Pa geopotential height anomaly and wind anomaly fields are simulated by IAP-9L model, which supports the analysis results.展开更多
In this paper, we adopted simulation method to discuss influences of litter layer on plants habitat in grassland. Results indicated that ground surface evaporation, soil moisture, surface temperature, soil pH, soil bu...In this paper, we adopted simulation method to discuss influences of litter layer on plants habitat in grassland. Results indicated that ground surface evaporation, soil moisture, surface temperature, soil pH, soil bulk density and soil porosity were all strongly related to the litter quantity. Potassium （K） and organic materials in the soil covered by litter layer were higher than those in the soil uncovered by litter layer. With 100 g.ln-z increase of litter, the percentage of organic materials increased by 17.9%, nitrogen （N） increased by 7.6%, phosphor （P） increased by 26.4%, and K increased by 3.8%. With the litter accumulation amounting up to 600 g-m-2, the percentage of organic materials increased by 1.8 times, N increased by 81.5%, P increased by 1.8 times and K increased by 26.4%. According to the expected coefficient method of optimization, a mathematical model was established about the optimal accumulation quantity of litter.展开更多
基金Under the auspices of Major Science and Technology Program for Water Pollution Control and Treatment(No.2012ZX07202-004-05)National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41401352)Science and Enterprise Competitive Selection Project of Shenyang City,Shenyang Science and Technology Plan Project(No.F14-133-9-00)
文摘Heavy metal pollutants are a worldwide concern due to slow decomposition, biocondensation, and negative effects on human health. We investigated seasonal and spatial variations of the five heavy metals and evaluated their health risk in the Liaohe River, Northeast China. A total of 324 surface water samples collected from 2009 to 2010 were analyzed. Levels(high to low) of heavy metals in the Liaohe River were: zinc(Zn) > chromium(Cr) > copper(Cu) > cadmium(Cd) > mercury(Hg). Spatial and seasonal changes impacting concentrations of Cu and Zn were significant, but not significant for Cr, Cd and Hg. The highest concentrations of heavy metals were: Hg at Liuheqiao, Cu at Fudedian, Zn at Tongjiangkou, Cr at Mahushan, and Cd at Shenglitang. The highest concentrations of Hg and Cr were found in the wet period, Cu and Cd in the level period, and Zn in the dry period. The surface water of a tributary was an important accumulation site for heavy metals. Health risks from carcinogens and non-carcinogens increased from upstream to downstream in the mainstream of the Liaohe River. The total health risk for one person in the Liaohe River exceeded acceptable levels. The total health risk was the greatest during the wet period and least in the dry period. Among the five heavy metals in the Liaohe River, Cr posed the greatest single health risk.
基金supported by Innovation and Research Foundation of Ocean University of China(No.201261009)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Nos.40930844 and 10735030)the National Basic Research Program of China(the 973 Program)under grant No.2005CB422 301
文摘We studied the impact of sea surface temperature anomaly(SSTA) in the Japan Sea and the sea area east of Japan on the winter rainfall and air temperature in Northeast(NE) China using the singular value decomposition(SVD) and empirical orthogonal function(EOF). The monthly-mean rainfall data observed at 160 stations in China, monthly-mean sea surface temperature(SST) of the Hadley Center for Climate Prediction and Research and monthly-mean air temperature from the NCEP reanalysis during 1960–2011 were used. Correlation analysis indicates that the SSTAs in the Japan Sea in September may last for three or four months and are an important index for forecasting the winter rainfall and air temperature in NE China. Positive SSTAs in the central Japan Sea and in the sea area east of Tokyo correspond to positive rainfall anomaly and negative air temperature anomaly in NE China. With the rise of SST in the Japan Sea, a weak cyclone appears over the Japan Sea. The northeasterly wind transports water vapor from the Okhotsk to NE China, resulting in more rainfall and lower air temperature. Negative SSTA years are accompanied by warmer air temperature and less snow in NE China. The 1000 h Pa geopotential height anomaly and wind anomaly fields are simulated by IAP-9L model, which supports the analysis results.
基金Acknowledgements： This research work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China （No. 30590382 and No. 30570273） and Science Foundation for Young Teachers of Northeast Normal University （No. 20070502）.
文摘In this paper, we adopted simulation method to discuss influences of litter layer on plants habitat in grassland. Results indicated that ground surface evaporation, soil moisture, surface temperature, soil pH, soil bulk density and soil porosity were all strongly related to the litter quantity. Potassium （K） and organic materials in the soil covered by litter layer were higher than those in the soil uncovered by litter layer. With 100 g.ln-z increase of litter, the percentage of organic materials increased by 17.9%, nitrogen （N） increased by 7.6%, phosphor （P） increased by 26.4%, and K increased by 3.8%. With the litter accumulation amounting up to 600 g-m-2, the percentage of organic materials increased by 1.8 times, N increased by 81.5%, P increased by 1.8 times and K increased by 26.4%. According to the expected coefficient method of optimization, a mathematical model was established about the optimal accumulation quantity of litter.
