东北中、西部地区亟待解决的农业生态环境问题

简要分析了东北中、西部地区农业生态环境日益恶化的主要表现形式及成因 ,探讨保障区域生态环境安全与农业可持续发展基本对策。参 8。

东北地区西部农牧交错区可持续发展战略构想

为遏止东北西部农牧交错区生态环境日益恶化之趋势 ,通过区域资源现状分析 ,提出保障区域生态环境安全的农业可持续发展战略。

19世纪后半期中国东北西部边境地区的中俄贸易

19世纪后半期中国东北西部边境地区的中俄贸易,以俄商分赴海拉尔和寿宁寺进行贸易为主。通过贸易,俄国外贝加尔及远东地区得到了极缺的物资,俄商获取了高额利润。同时,这种贸易对中国东北西部边境地区的经济,特别是畜牧业的发展,也起了一定的促进作用。

中国西部、东北地区湖泊沉积物中碳酸盐碳、氧和有机碳同位素组成及与环境的响应

湖泊沉积物中碳酸盐碳、氧和有机质碳同位素组成受湖泊环境介质的控制,可以有效地指示环境演化过程。通过对中国东北和西部青藏高原、新疆现代湖泊表层沉积物的碳酸盐的碳、氧同位素组成(δ13C、δ18O)、有机碳同位素组成(δ13Corg),以及有机质含量(TOC)、C/N分析研究,发现当湖泊中以浮游植物来源有机母质为主时,其δ13Corg为-30‰^-23‰;以硅藻为主的藻类来源时,δ13Corg为-30‰^-16‰;以挺水植物来源,δ13Corg为-30‰^-24‰;沉水植物来源,δ13Corg为-24‰^-16‰;以水生植物和陆生植物来源为主时,δ13Corg为-30‰^-20‰;当以陆生植物来源为主时,其δ13Corg为-26‰^-24‰。当西北地区半封闭湖泊表层沉积物中碳酸盐含量大于30%时,湖泊表现出δ13C、δ18O之间较好的正相关性,TOC主要以内源有机质来源为主。

东北西部主要杨树品种对盐碱胁迫的生长反应

本文以东北西部的主要杨树为试验材料,研究了盐碱胁迫条件下各品种的生长反应,并以此为依据,对其抗盐碱性进行了初步排序。

振兴东北背景下的东北西部经济、社会协调发展对策研究

本文在分析振兴东北的宏观背景下,阐述了东北地区西部如何调整产业结构,促进区域经济发展,协调人与环境关系,处理好与东北其他地区的产业分工的建议和可行性措施。

论草原退化与兴办草业

本文在指出草原有自然资源和生态环境双重作用的同时,分析了草原退化的原因和趋势。对近年把东北西部和内蒙古东部草原地区划为“玉米带”提出了异议,列举了由此而引起的生态问题。文章着重阐述了兴办草业的意义。并提出了恢复草原退化的可能性和措施。推荐了兴办草业的适宜草种及粮草轮作“互补型农业”模式。对兴办草业的经济、社会、生态效益作了论证。

简讯

日本春原亘教授来桃源同我进行合作考察 日本东京大学农学部春原亘先生应中国科学院长沙农业现代化研究所和桃源县人民政府的邀请,于1986年8月14日到达桃源县。他此行的目的,是和长沙所以桃源为典型,实地考察,研究“中国的农业现代化实态(关于农业的作业组织与生态效率)”,该课题是中国科学院批准的国际科技合作项目,主要研究我国自党的十一届三中全会以来,党在农村的方针、政策、路线所取得的成绩,农村实行联产承包责任制所发生的变化,以及实现具有中国特色的农业现代化过程中所遇到的问题。1981年。

新丝绸之路经济带与我国区域经济全面发展

新丝绸之路经济带将西部、东北地区从对外开放的后方变为了前沿,为大量吸引东部沿海地区加工业转移创造了区位优势;新丝绸之路经济带使西部、东北地区在基础设施投资上获得了缩小与东部沿海地区差距的契机,不但降低了东部沿海地区加工业转移的成本,也为西部、东北地区的产业结构优化提供了强大支撑;新丝绸之路经济带为西部、东北地区化解产能严重过剩提供了巨大空间,而我国对新丝绸之路经济带的投资政策,将促进西部、东北地区产业迈向中高端水平。

Analysis of China's Haze Days in the Winter Half-Year and the Climatic Background during 1961–2012

The characteristics of haze days and the climatic background are analyzed by using daily observations of haze,precipitation,mean and maximum wind speed of 664 meteorological stations for the period of 1961–2012.The results show that haze days occur significantly more often in eastern China than in western China.The annual number of haze days is 5–30 d in most parts of central-eastern China,with some areas experiencing more than 30 d,while less than 5 d are averagely occurring in western China.Haze days are mainly concentrated in the winter half-year,with most in winter,followed by autumn,spring,and then summer.Nearly 20%of annual haze days are experienced in December.The haze days in central-eastern China in the winter half-year have a significant increasing trend of 1.7 d per decade during 1961–2012.There were great increases in haze days in the 1960s,1970s and the beginning of the 21st century.There was also significant abrupt changes of haze days in the early 1970s and 2000s.From 1961 to 2012,haze days in the winter half-year increased in South China,the middle-lower reaches of the Yangtze River,and North China,but decreased in Northeast China,eastern Northwest China and eastern Southwest China.The number of persistent haze is rising.The Longer the haze,the greater the proportion to the number persistent haze.Certain climatic conditions exacerbated the occurrence of haze.The correlation coefficient between haze days and precipitation days in the winter half-year is mainly negative in central-eastern China.The precipitation days show a decreasing trend in most parts of China,with a rate of around–4.0 d per decade in central-eastern China,which reduces the sedimentation capacity of atmospheric pollutants.During the period of 1961–2012,the correlation coefficients between haze days and mean wind speed and strong wind days are mainly negative in central-eastern China,while there exists positive correlation between haze days and breeze days in the winter half-year.The mean wind speed and strong wind days are decreasing,while breeze days are increasing in most parts of China,which is benefitial to the reduction of the pollutants diffusion capacity.As a result,haze occurs more easily.

Rome Ⅲ survey of irritable bowel syndrome among ethnic Malays

AIM:To survey irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) using Rome Ⅲ criteria among Malays from the north-eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia.METHODS:A previously validated Malay language Rome Ⅲ IBS diagnostic questionnaire was used in the current study.A prospective sample of 232 Malay subjects(80% power) was initially screened.Using a stratified random sampling strategy,a total of 221 Malay subjects(112 subjects in a "full time job" and 109 subjects in "no full time job") were recruited.Subjects were visitors(friends and relatives) within the hospital compound and were representative of the local community.Red flags and psychosocial alarm symptoms were also assessed in the current study using previously translated and validated questionnaires.Subjects with IBS were sub-typed into constipation-predominant,diarrhea-predominant,mixed type and un-subtyped.Univariable and multivariable analyses were used to test for association between socioeconomic factors and presence of red flags and psychosocial alarm features among the Malays with IBS.RESULTS:IBS was present in 10.9%(24/221),red flags in 22.2%(49/221) and psychosocial alarm features in 9.0%(20/221).Red flags were more commonly reported in subjects with IBS(83.3%) than psychosocial alarm features(20.8%,P < 0.001).Subjects with IBS were older(mean age 41.4 years vs 36.9 years,P = 0.08),but no difference in gender was noted(P = 0.4).Using univariable analysis,IBS was significantly associated with a tertiary education,high individual income above RM1000,married status,exsmoker and the presence of red flags(all P < 0.05).In multiple logistic regression analysis,only the presence of red flags was significantly associated with IBS(odds ratio:0.02,95%CI:0.004-0.1,P < 0.001).The commonest IBS sub-type was mixed type(58.3%),followed by constipation-predominant(20.8%),diarrheapredominant(16.7%) and un-subtyped(4.2%).Four of 13 Malay females(30.8%) with IBS also had menstrual pain.Most subjects with IBS had at least one red flag(70.8%),12.5% had two red flags and 16.7% with no red flags.The commonest red flag was a bowel habit change in subjects > 50 years old and this was reported by 16.7% of subjects with IBS.CONCLUSION:Using the Rome Ⅲ criteria,IBS was common among ethnic Malays from the north-eastern region of Peninsular Malaysia.

The Effects of Land Cover Change on Regional Climate over the Eastern Part of Northwest China

A regional climate model （RegCM4） is em- ployed to investigate the impacts of land use/cover change （LUCC） on the climate over the eastern part of Northwest China （ENW） in the periods of 2001 and 2011. The re- sults indicated that the LUCC in ENW, which was char-acterized by desert retreat, reforestation, and farmland expansion, led to significant local changes in surface air temperature （within -0.3℃） and slight regional changes in precipitation （within -15%） in summer. In the desert retreat area, the net absorbed shortwave radiation had a greater influence than evaporative cooling, leading to increases in the daily mean and maximum temperature. Besides, the daily mean and maximum temperatures in- creased in the reforestation area but decreased in the farmland expansion area. As surface albedo showed no significant change in these regions, the temperature in- crease in the reforestation area can be attributed to a decrease in evaporation, while the opposite effect appears to have been the case in the farmland expansion area.

Knowledge Management Practices for Improvement of Brazilian Hospital Websites

This work aims to verify how the Web portals of Universities Hospital located in the northeast of Brazil are contributing to the expansion of knowledge of its users from the analysis of interactive features associated with the three mechanisms of knowledge management： knowledge access （KA）, knowledge creation （KC）, and knowledge transfer （KT）. The study is exploratory, descriptive, and qualitative type, such as a survey, developed through an adaptation of a relevant research, which involves the standardization of data collection instruments （questionnaires and interviews） applied directly to persons of a specific population, to assess knowledge management tools present in the University Hospital portals in the northeast region of Brazil. The results indicated that the resources from knowledge access were more prevalent than the others, ratifying the results found in research developed in Asian and North American Hospital portals.

Reading, Habitus, and Social Representations in a University Context

The lack of reading habits among Mexican population is an idea based on national and international indicators, which illustrate the danger of this situation; however, these indicators fail to go deeper into the problem. This project was aimed to obtain more information about the habitus and social representations of college students reading habits, using as theoretical elements the principles developed by Pierre Bourdieu and Serge Moscovici. The project was developed in a public university, located in Mexico＇s northeast region; 19 students were part of the sample group. Two research tools were used to obtain data： survey and focus group. The project analyzed academic and environmental aspects, beyond the ＂ought to be＂, that affected the development and provided characteristics on the daily sociocultural reality of the students, with a view of the real environment of the students without ＂make-up＂. The project deepened into the analysis of the reading practices and not only the usual numeric indicators, which traditionally condemn the reading practices in Mexico. The results of this study showed that students read a lot more than what they and their teachers think they do, this taking into consideration electronic documents, general interest publications, and commercial magazines, among others. The point of view of some teachers and researchers, when it comes to reading habits recognize non-academic, simple and interesting reading more important impact on their reading habits shows a tendency to be pedantic and canonic; it does not for young people, which in the long term, could have a

Petrology and phase equilibrium of newly found eclogites from Kekesu Valley in eastern part of southwest Tianshan HP-UHP metamorphic belt,China,and its tectonic significance

Eclogites and omphacite-bearing blueschists have been newly found in the eastern segment of the southwest Tianshan orogenic belt, Xinjiang, northwest China. After detailed petrological study, three samples including one fresh eclogite TK003, one blueschist sample TK026-8 and one retrograded eclogite TK027, were selected for phase equilibrium modeling under NC（K）MnFMASHO （N20-CaO-K20-MnO-FeO-MgO-A1203-SiO2-H：O-O） system, by thermocalc 3.33 software. Composition analyses of garnets in these three samples show typical growth zoning with Xpy and Xgrs increasing, Xspss decreasing from core to rim. Pseudosection modeling of the garnet zonation reflects that the eclogites and blueschist experienced a similar P-T evo- lution trajectory, with a near iso-baric heating in the early stage, and reached eclogite facies metamorphic field with peak P-T regime of 480-515~C, 2.00-2.30 GPa. Subsequently the rocks experienced an early iso-thermal decompression retrograde stage with P-T conditions of 515-519~C, 1.78-1.93 GPa. Variations of mineralogy and modes of these rocks are probably due to different retrograde paths as a consequence of different bulk-rock composition, as well as a variation in fluid activity during exhumation. P-T calculation and a peak geothermal gradient of 6-7~C/km indicate HP rocks in the Kekesu Valley experienced cold subducted eclogite facies metamorphism. Thus a huge oceanic subduction eclogite facies metamorphic belt in southwest Tianshan has been recognized, extending from the Kekesu Valley in the east to the Muzhaerte Valley in the west for nearly 200 kin. However, UHP evidence has not been found in the Kekesu terrane, perhaps because the slab in east part of southwest Tianshan did not subduct into such a great depth.

Cenozoic tectonic and geomorphic evolution of the Longxi region in northeastern Tibetan Plateau interpreted from detrital zircon

The Longxi region contains different kinds of Cenozoic sediments, including eolian deposits, reworked loess, fluvial and lacustrine deposits. The provenance evolution of these sediments is of great significance in exploring the uplift, tectonic deformation and associated with geomorphic evolution of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. In this paper, we used the single-grain zircon provenance analysis to constrain the provenances for the Paleogene alluvial conglomerates and for the Neogene fluvial-lacustrine sediments, and compared them with results from the loess deposits since the Miocene. The results show that： （1） the Paleogene alluvial conglomerates contain a large number of detrital zircons ranging from 560 to 1100 Ma that were derived from the Yangzi Block. However, the sediments of early Miocene have much fewer zircons of this age span, which are characterized by an abundance of zircon ages in the ranges of 200 360 Ma. This indicates that the Paleogcne alluvial conglomerates mainly come from the middle and/or southern West Qinling, and the early Miocene sediments are primarily from the northern West Qinling; （2） Late Neogene fluvial sediments （11.5 Ma onward） in Tianshui-Qinan region are dominated by zircon ages of 380-450 Ma. This zircon population is similar to that of the exposed intrusive rocks of southern part of the Liupan Mountains, implying that the southern part of Liupan Mountains probably had already uplifted by 11.5 Ma; （3） Late Miocene lacustrine sediments in Tianshui region have a zircon age spectra that is remarkably different from coeval fluvial deposits, but is similar to the zircon age distributions of the Miocene loess in Qinan region, late Miocene-Pliocene Hipparion red clay and Quaternary loess. This indicates that fine particles within these Miocene lacustrine sediments in Tianshui region may be dominated by aeolian materials. This study reveals that provenance changes of Cenozoic sediments in Tianshui-Qinan region and its geomorphic evolution are closely related to the multi-stage uplift of the Northeastern Tibetan Plateau. In particular, the major uplift of the Northem Tibetan Plateau during late Oligocene-early Miocene may have not only provided the source areas and wind dynamic conditions for the deposits of the Miocene loess, but also provided the geomorphic conditions for its accumulation.

齐齐哈尔市打造风电装备基地和新能源产业基地

4月1日"奋进央地深度融合,聚力鹤城绿色发展"新能源合作签约仪式在齐齐哈尔市举行。齐齐哈尔市与中核集团、国家电投集团、一重集团、上海电气集团签署战略合作协议,在风光核能资源开发、风电装备制造及配套、可再生能源资源规模化高效利用等领域开展深度合作,拟投资额超过200亿元。齐齐哈尔市将打造成东北地区西部区域的风电装备基地和新能源产业基地,建成具有明显优势及特色的千万千瓦级新能源产业集群。