In this paper,areas and main factors of wind erosion in black earth region of Northeast China were systematically analyzed,as well as the development trend of wind erosion in black earth region of Northeast China.In a...In this paper,areas and main factors of wind erosion in black earth region of Northeast China were systematically analyzed,as well as the development trend of wind erosion in black earth region of Northeast China.In addition,development trend of wind erosion in black earth region of Northeast China was analyzed from the aspects of the geographic position,climatic change law in recent 40 years and effects of northeast sand land desertification on wind erosion in black earth region,which had provided references for the research and prevention of wind erosion in soil of black earth region of Northeast China.展开更多
Gully erosion is the frequent and main form of soil erosion in the black soil area of the northeastern China, which is one of the most important commodity grain production bases in China. It is encroaching upon the fe...Gully erosion is the frequent and main form of soil erosion in the black soil area of the northeastern China, which is one of the most important commodity grain production bases in China. It is encroaching upon the fertile farmland there. Regionalization of gully erosion can reveal the spatial distribution and regularity of the development of gully erosion. Based on the eco-geographical regional background features of the black soil area, this study combined the regionalization with influencing factors of the development of gully erosion. GIS spatial analysis, geostatistical analysis, spatial statistics, reclassification, debris polygon processing and map algebra methods were employed. As a result, the black soil area was divided into 12 subregions. The field survey data on type, length, volume and other characteristics indicators of gully erosion were used to calibrate the results. Then the features of every subregion, such as where the gully erosion is, how serious it is, and why it happens and develops, were expounded. The result is not only an essential prerequisite for gully erosion surveys and monitoring, but also an important basis for gully erosion prevention.展开更多
In this study,short-term gully retreat was monitored from the active gullies selected in representative black soil area,using differential global positioning system(GPS).With the support of geographic information syst...In this study,short-term gully retreat was monitored from the active gullies selected in representative black soil area,using differential global positioning system(GPS).With the support of geographic information system(GIS),multi-temporal digital elevation models(DEM) were constructed from the data collected by GPS and used for further analysis.Based on the analysis of multi-temporal DEM,we discussed the erosion-deposition characteristics within gully and a developing model for black soil gully area of Northeast China was proposed.The results are:(1) The analysis of the monitored gully data in 2004 indicated that the retreat of gully head reached more than 10 m,gully area extended 170-400 m2,net gully eroded volume 220-320 m3,and gully erosion modulus 2200-4800 t?km?2?a?1.(2) Compared with the mature gully the initial gully grows rapidly,and its erosion parameters are relatively large.The erosion parameters have not only to do with flow energy,but also with the growth phase.(3) There are significant seasonal differences in gully erosion parameters.The extension of gully area and width dominates in winter and spring without marked net erosion while changes mainly occur in gully head and net erosion in rainy season.(4) It is remarkable for freeze-thaw erosion in the black soil area of NE China.The gully wall of SG2 extended 0.45 m under freeze-thaw effect in 2004,and the distance of gully head retreated maximally 6.4 m.(5) Due to freeze-thaw action and snowmelt,gully is primarily in the interior adjustment process in winter and early spring.There are much more depositions compared with that during rainy season,which can almost happen throughout the gully,while erosion mostly occurs near head,esp.for gullies having a relatively long history of development.On the other hand,the process of energy exchange with exterior dominates in rainy season.It is considered that this cyclic process is an important mechanism for gully growth in high latitude or/and high attitude regions.展开更多
Gully erosion has caused soil degradation and even reduced soil productivity. However, only few studies on the effects of gully erosion and artificial controlling measures on soil degradation in the Black Soil Region ...Gully erosion has caused soil degradation and even reduced soil productivity. However, only few studies on the effects of gully erosion and artificial controlling measures on soil degradation in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China are available. Thus, this study explores the relationships between gully erosion, gully filling and soil parameters. Two sets of soil samples were collected in the field at: (1) 72 sample points in the gully erosion study area, 60 sample points in the ephemeral and classical gully erosion area (3,518 m2), 12 sample points in the deposition zone (443 m2), (2)1o reference points along a slope unaffected by gully erosion representing the original situation before the gully was formed. All soil samples were analyzed for gravel content (GC), soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK). The soil property values on unaffected slope were fitted by the polynomial curves as the reference values in no gully erosion area. The interpolated soil property values in gully eroded study area were compared with these polynomial curves, respectively, and then, changes of soil property values were analyzed. Gully erosion caused an increase in GC and a decrease in SOM, TN, AN, AP and AK. The change of GC, SOM, TN, AN, AP, AK was 8.8%, -9.04 g kg-1, -0.92 g kg-1, -62.28 mg kg-1, -29.61 mg kg% -79.68 mg kg-1. The soil property values in the study area were below optimal values. Thus, we concluded that gully erosion and gully filling caused both on-site and off-site soil degradation. Soil degradation area was 0.65 % of the cultivated land. In addition, it was proved that gully filling were an improper soil and water conservation measure, which seems to exacerbate the problem. Thus, it is suggested that soil where soil is deep is moved to fill the gully, and then the area around the filled gullies should be covered by grass for preventing the formation and development of the gully.展开更多
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(40901136)~~
文摘In this paper,areas and main factors of wind erosion in black earth region of Northeast China were systematically analyzed,as well as the development trend of wind erosion in black earth region of Northeast China.In addition,development trend of wind erosion in black earth region of Northeast China was analyzed from the aspects of the geographic position,climatic change law in recent 40 years and effects of northeast sand land desertification on wind erosion in black earth region,which had provided references for the research and prevention of wind erosion in soil of black earth region of Northeast China.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.41301467,41271416)Special Foundation of National Science and Technology Basic Work of China(No.2013FY112800)
文摘Gully erosion is the frequent and main form of soil erosion in the black soil area of the northeastern China, which is one of the most important commodity grain production bases in China. It is encroaching upon the fertile farmland there. Regionalization of gully erosion can reveal the spatial distribution and regularity of the development of gully erosion. Based on the eco-geographical regional background features of the black soil area, this study combined the regionalization with influencing factors of the development of gully erosion. GIS spatial analysis, geostatistical analysis, spatial statistics, reclassification, debris polygon processing and map algebra methods were employed. As a result, the black soil area was divided into 12 subregions. The field survey data on type, length, volume and other characteristics indicators of gully erosion were used to calibrate the results. Then the features of every subregion, such as where the gully erosion is, how serious it is, and why it happens and develops, were expounded. The result is not only an essential prerequisite for gully erosion surveys and monitoring, but also an important basis for gully erosion prevention.
基金Key Project for National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.40235056The Ph.D. Programs Foundation of Ministry of Education of China, No.20030027015+3 种基金China Postdoctoral Science Foundation,No.20070410482Doctoral Foundation of University of Jinan,No.B0620National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.40672158Key Subject Foundation Supported by Shandong Province
文摘In this study,short-term gully retreat was monitored from the active gullies selected in representative black soil area,using differential global positioning system(GPS).With the support of geographic information system(GIS),multi-temporal digital elevation models(DEM) were constructed from the data collected by GPS and used for further analysis.Based on the analysis of multi-temporal DEM,we discussed the erosion-deposition characteristics within gully and a developing model for black soil gully area of Northeast China was proposed.The results are:(1) The analysis of the monitored gully data in 2004 indicated that the retreat of gully head reached more than 10 m,gully area extended 170-400 m2,net gully eroded volume 220-320 m3,and gully erosion modulus 2200-4800 t?km?2?a?1.(2) Compared with the mature gully the initial gully grows rapidly,and its erosion parameters are relatively large.The erosion parameters have not only to do with flow energy,but also with the growth phase.(3) There are significant seasonal differences in gully erosion parameters.The extension of gully area and width dominates in winter and spring without marked net erosion while changes mainly occur in gully head and net erosion in rainy season.(4) It is remarkable for freeze-thaw erosion in the black soil area of NE China.The gully wall of SG2 extended 0.45 m under freeze-thaw effect in 2004,and the distance of gully head retreated maximally 6.4 m.(5) Due to freeze-thaw action and snowmelt,gully is primarily in the interior adjustment process in winter and early spring.There are much more depositions compared with that during rainy season,which can almost happen throughout the gully,while erosion mostly occurs near head,esp.for gullies having a relatively long history of development.On the other hand,the process of energy exchange with exterior dominates in rainy season.It is considered that this cyclic process is an important mechanism for gully growth in high latitude or/and high attitude regions.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China (973 Program) (Grant no. 2007CB407204)Innovation project of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute (CKSF2012052/TB)basic scientific research project of Changjiang River Scientific Research Institute (CKSF2011008)
文摘Gully erosion has caused soil degradation and even reduced soil productivity. However, only few studies on the effects of gully erosion and artificial controlling measures on soil degradation in the Black Soil Region of Northeast China are available. Thus, this study explores the relationships between gully erosion, gully filling and soil parameters. Two sets of soil samples were collected in the field at: (1) 72 sample points in the gully erosion study area, 60 sample points in the ephemeral and classical gully erosion area (3,518 m2), 12 sample points in the deposition zone (443 m2), (2)1o reference points along a slope unaffected by gully erosion representing the original situation before the gully was formed. All soil samples were analyzed for gravel content (GC), soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), available nitrogen (AN), available phosphorus (AP), and available potassium (AK). The soil property values on unaffected slope were fitted by the polynomial curves as the reference values in no gully erosion area. The interpolated soil property values in gully eroded study area were compared with these polynomial curves, respectively, and then, changes of soil property values were analyzed. Gully erosion caused an increase in GC and a decrease in SOM, TN, AN, AP and AK. The change of GC, SOM, TN, AN, AP, AK was 8.8%, -9.04 g kg-1, -0.92 g kg-1, -62.28 mg kg-1, -29.61 mg kg% -79.68 mg kg-1. The soil property values in the study area were below optimal values. Thus, we concluded that gully erosion and gully filling caused both on-site and off-site soil degradation. Soil degradation area was 0.65 % of the cultivated land. In addition, it was proved that gully filling were an improper soil and water conservation measure, which seems to exacerbate the problem. Thus, it is suggested that soil where soil is deep is moved to fill the gully, and then the area around the filled gullies should be covered by grass for preventing the formation and development of the gully.