The spatial distribution and population dynamics of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz., Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance and Acer mono Maxim. were studied in three warm temperate deciduous forests in Dongling Mountain, Beijing....The spatial distribution and population dynamics of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz., Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance and Acer mono Maxim. were studied in three warm temperate deciduous forests in Dongling Mountain, Beijing. Clumped distributions appeared in most seedlings (≤0.4 m), short saplings (0.4-1 m) and tall saplings (1-2 m). Random distributions appeared in adults of Q. liaotungensis in Plot 1, F. rhynchophylla in Plot 3. The LSD method was used to discern the differences of different aged population. The class distribution of Q. liaotungensis was nearly a reverse-J shape for Plot 1 and Plot 3, suggesting that the population regenerates continuously. The age-structures of F. rhynchophylla and A. mono in Plot 1 and the test results indicated that they would increase continuously. In Plot 2, the class distribution and the test results showed that all populations would not regenerate continuously.展开更多
Mao'ershan region is representative in the natural secondary forested region of the eastern mountainous region, northeast China. The landscape nearest neighbor index and landscape connectivity index were calculate...Mao'ershan region is representative in the natural secondary forested region of the eastern mountainous region, northeast China. The landscape nearest neighbor index and landscape connectivity index were calculated with ARC/INFO software for Mao'ershan region. The spatial distribution of the landscape of the region was analyzed. The results showed that the landscape connectivity index of non-woodland was significantly higher than that of woodland. The landscape connectivity index of natural forest was nearly equal to zero, which means its fragmentation degree is high. The nearest neighbor index of plantation was lower than that of natural forest and non-forestland. Among the man-made forests, the distance index of the coniferous mixed plantation is the lowest, and its pattern is nearly glomeration. The landscape pattern of natural forest presented nearly random distribution. Among non-forest land, the distance index of cut blank was the lowest, and its pattern was also nearly glomeration. Keywords Landscape type - Landscape pattern - Nearest neighbor index - Landscape connectivity index - Natural secondary forest - Northeast China CLC number S759.92 Document code A Foundation item: This paper was supported by the Key Project of State Department of Science Technology (2002BA515B040).Biography: LI SHu-juan (1977), female. Lecture in Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong展开更多
A facultative heterotrophic strain （DS-0205） was isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample collected at a depth of 5.2 km in the eastern Pacific Ocean, China. Strain DS-0205 is motile helmet-like single cell or pairs...A facultative heterotrophic strain （DS-0205） was isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample collected at a depth of 5.2 km in the eastern Pacific Ocean, China. Strain DS-0205 is motile helmet-like single cell or pairs, forming hemisphere with the center sunken of variable size. It has a widespread carbon source and nitrogen source, including agarose, citric acid, salicin, D-glucitol nitrate, sodium nitrite and cthylamine, tt can grow in the following environment： temperature 4-37℃, pH 2.0-12.0, tolerance to NaCl≤15%. Two phylogenetic trees, one based on the ITS and 5.8S rRNA sequences and the other based on the 18S rRNA sequences, unite strain DS-0205（=JCM 0205） to the type strain of Rhodosporidium diobovatum JCM 3787 through a considerable evolutionary distance. These results suggest that strain DS-0205 is a new strain of the Rhodosporidium diobovatum.展开更多
Ecotones have received great attention due to its critical function in energy flux, species harbor, global carbon sequestration, and land-atmosphere interaction. This study investigated land use pattern and spatial he...Ecotones have received great attention due to its critical function in energy flux, species harbor, global carbon sequestration, and land-atmosphere interaction. This study investigated land use pattern and spatial heterogeneity of the ecotones among agricultural land, forest land, and grassland of the southeastern Da Hinggan Mountains in the northeastern China. The change of these delineated ecotones under different slopes and aridity conditions was analyzed by two landscape indices, edge density(ED) and core area percentage of landscape(CPL), to explore the inter-linkage between spatial structure of ecotones and socioeconomic development and land management. Specifically, the ecotones such as agriculture-forest(AF) ecotone, forest-grassland(FG) ecotone, and agriculture-forestgrassland(AFG) ecotone moved from the arid southeast to the humid northwest. The flat area with small slope is more edge-fragmented than the steep area since the ED decreases as the slope increases. The AF ecotone mostly found in the humid region is moving to more humid areas while the agriculture-grassland(AG) ecotone mostly found in the dry region is moving towards the drier region.展开更多
Abies georgei var.smithii is an important plant species in Southeast Tibet,China.It has high ecological value in terms of biodiversity protection,as well as soil and water conservation.We analyzed the spatial pattern ...Abies georgei var.smithii is an important plant species in Southeast Tibet,China.It has high ecological value in terms of biodiversity protection,as well as soil and water conservation.We analyzed the spatial pattern and associations of A.georgei var.smithii populations at different growth stages by using Ripley's L function for point pattern analysis.The diameter structure was a nearly reverse 'J' shape.The amount of saplings and medium-sized trees accounts for a large part of the entire population,suggesting a high regeneration rate and an expanding population.In the transition from saplings to medium trees or to large trees,saplings show a significant aggregation distribution at small scales,while medium trees and large trees show a random distribution.There are significant inverse associations between saplings and medium trees and large trees at small scales,while there are no obvious associations between medium trees and large trees.The natural regeneration was affected by interspecific competition,and it was also affected by intraspecific competition.The joint effects of biological characteristics and environmental factors contribute to the spatial distribution pattern and associations of this A.georgei var.sm ithii population.展开更多
The spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the zooplankton of Chabahar Bay, Gulf of Oman were investigated. Zooplankton sampling was collected twice a season at five stations in Chabahar Bay. Sampling was done ...The spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the zooplankton of Chabahar Bay, Gulf of Oman were investigated. Zooplankton sampling was collected twice a season at five stations in Chabahar Bay. Sampling was done during July-August 2007 （SW-monsoon）, October-November 2007 （post-monsoon）, January-February 2008 （NE-monsoon）, and March-May 2008 （pre-monsoon）. Five stations were investigated throughout Chabahar Bay. Four species of Oncaeidae （Oncaea media, Oncaea minuta, Oncaea venusta and Oncaea clevei） were identified. The abundance of Oncaea media was maximum in the post-monsoon （〉 700 ind..m3） and disappeared in pre-monsoon while Oncaea minuta was maximum in post-monsoon （〉 130 ind..m3） and disappeared in NE-monsoon and pre-monsoon. Oncaea venusta showed the highest abundance in post-monsoon （〉 370 ind..m3） and the lowest in pre-monsoon （〈 55 ind..m-3）. The highest abundance of Oncaea clevei was in post-monsoon （〈 240 ind..m-3） and lowest in NE-monsoon. Overall, the highest abundance of Oncaeidae was observed in post-monsoon. The results showed that depth was the most important factor controlling abundance of the Oncaeidae. Spatially, the highest abundance of Oncaeidae species was found in off shore stations. Four species of this family showed positive correlation with depth. Also, O. venusta showed negative correlation with salinity that showed this species prefers low saline water.展开更多
The relation between the United States and the Democratic People＇s Republic of Korea （DPRK） is of substantial strategic prominence in the security landscape of Northeast Asia. The longstanding incompatibility betwe...The relation between the United States and the Democratic People＇s Republic of Korea （DPRK） is of substantial strategic prominence in the security landscape of Northeast Asia. The longstanding incompatibility between the two countries can be illuminated by drawing on three factors： the conflict of interest in the DPRK-ROK unification; the strategic interests of the nuclearization and the denuclearization-normalization dilemma; the Sino-U.S. dual power structure in Northeast Asia. In addressing these issues, this paper discusses the possibility of achieving diplomatic normalization between the U.S. and DPRK by examining in a comparative framework the feasibility of existing mechanisms. The paper concludes that unconventional mechanism is required to establish the initial momentum for a necessary political breakthrough, especially in light of the Trump phenomenon. Specifically, the author proposes a stepwise model to assist the diplomatic reconciliation and to further promote the restoration of peace, security and stability in Northeast Asia.展开更多
文摘The spatial distribution and population dynamics of Quercus liaotungensis Koidz., Fraxinus rhynchophylla Hance and Acer mono Maxim. were studied in three warm temperate deciduous forests in Dongling Mountain, Beijing. Clumped distributions appeared in most seedlings (≤0.4 m), short saplings (0.4-1 m) and tall saplings (1-2 m). Random distributions appeared in adults of Q. liaotungensis in Plot 1, F. rhynchophylla in Plot 3. The LSD method was used to discern the differences of different aged population. The class distribution of Q. liaotungensis was nearly a reverse-J shape for Plot 1 and Plot 3, suggesting that the population regenerates continuously. The age-structures of F. rhynchophylla and A. mono in Plot 1 and the test results indicated that they would increase continuously. In Plot 2, the class distribution and the test results showed that all populations would not regenerate continuously.
基金This paper was supported by the Key Project of State Department of Science Technology (2002BA515B040).
文摘Mao'ershan region is representative in the natural secondary forested region of the eastern mountainous region, northeast China. The landscape nearest neighbor index and landscape connectivity index were calculated with ARC/INFO software for Mao'ershan region. The spatial distribution of the landscape of the region was analyzed. The results showed that the landscape connectivity index of non-woodland was significantly higher than that of woodland. The landscape connectivity index of natural forest was nearly equal to zero, which means its fragmentation degree is high. The nearest neighbor index of plantation was lower than that of natural forest and non-forestland. Among the man-made forests, the distance index of the coniferous mixed plantation is the lowest, and its pattern is nearly glomeration. The landscape pattern of natural forest presented nearly random distribution. Among non-forest land, the distance index of cut blank was the lowest, and its pattern was also nearly glomeration. Keywords Landscape type - Landscape pattern - Nearest neighbor index - Landscape connectivity index - Natural secondary forest - Northeast China CLC number S759.92 Document code A Foundation item: This paper was supported by the Key Project of State Department of Science Technology (2002BA515B040).Biography: LI SHu-juan (1977), female. Lecture in Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, P. R. China.Responsible editor: Zhu Hong
基金Projects(40776035, 40376036) supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(DY105-02-04-05) supported by the China Ocean Mineral Resources Research and Development Association+2 种基金Project(07MX27) supported by the Mittal Student FoundationProject (2340-74236000003) supported by the Post-graduate Foundation of Hunan Province, ChinaProject (200805330053) supported by the Doctoral Foundation of Ministry of Education of China
文摘A facultative heterotrophic strain （DS-0205） was isolated from a deep-sea sediment sample collected at a depth of 5.2 km in the eastern Pacific Ocean, China. Strain DS-0205 is motile helmet-like single cell or pairs, forming hemisphere with the center sunken of variable size. It has a widespread carbon source and nitrogen source, including agarose, citric acid, salicin, D-glucitol nitrate, sodium nitrite and cthylamine, tt can grow in the following environment： temperature 4-37℃, pH 2.0-12.0, tolerance to NaCl≤15%. Two phylogenetic trees, one based on the ITS and 5.8S rRNA sequences and the other based on the 18S rRNA sequences, unite strain DS-0205（=JCM 0205） to the type strain of Rhodosporidium diobovatum JCM 3787 through a considerable evolutionary distance. These results suggest that strain DS-0205 is a new strain of the Rhodosporidium diobovatum.
基金Under the auspices of'Strategic Priority Research Program-Climate Change:Carbon Budget and Relevant Issues'of Chinese Academy of Sciences(No.XDA05090310)
文摘Ecotones have received great attention due to its critical function in energy flux, species harbor, global carbon sequestration, and land-atmosphere interaction. This study investigated land use pattern and spatial heterogeneity of the ecotones among agricultural land, forest land, and grassland of the southeastern Da Hinggan Mountains in the northeastern China. The change of these delineated ecotones under different slopes and aridity conditions was analyzed by two landscape indices, edge density(ED) and core area percentage of landscape(CPL), to explore the inter-linkage between spatial structure of ecotones and socioeconomic development and land management. Specifically, the ecotones such as agriculture-forest(AF) ecotone, forest-grassland(FG) ecotone, and agriculture-forestgrassland(AFG) ecotone moved from the arid southeast to the humid northwest. The flat area with small slope is more edge-fragmented than the steep area since the ED decreases as the slope increases. The AF ecotone mostly found in the humid region is moving to more humid areas while the agriculture-grassland(AG) ecotone mostly found in the dry region is moving towards the drier region.
基金funded by the National Key Technology Support Program (2013BAC04B01)
文摘Abies georgei var.smithii is an important plant species in Southeast Tibet,China.It has high ecological value in terms of biodiversity protection,as well as soil and water conservation.We analyzed the spatial pattern and associations of A.georgei var.smithii populations at different growth stages by using Ripley's L function for point pattern analysis.The diameter structure was a nearly reverse 'J' shape.The amount of saplings and medium-sized trees accounts for a large part of the entire population,suggesting a high regeneration rate and an expanding population.In the transition from saplings to medium trees or to large trees,saplings show a significant aggregation distribution at small scales,while medium trees and large trees show a random distribution.There are significant inverse associations between saplings and medium trees and large trees at small scales,while there are no obvious associations between medium trees and large trees.The natural regeneration was affected by interspecific competition,and it was also affected by intraspecific competition.The joint effects of biological characteristics and environmental factors contribute to the spatial distribution pattern and associations of this A.georgei var.sm ithii population.
文摘The spatial and temporal distribution patterns of the zooplankton of Chabahar Bay, Gulf of Oman were investigated. Zooplankton sampling was collected twice a season at five stations in Chabahar Bay. Sampling was done during July-August 2007 （SW-monsoon）, October-November 2007 （post-monsoon）, January-February 2008 （NE-monsoon）, and March-May 2008 （pre-monsoon）. Five stations were investigated throughout Chabahar Bay. Four species of Oncaeidae （Oncaea media, Oncaea minuta, Oncaea venusta and Oncaea clevei） were identified. The abundance of Oncaea media was maximum in the post-monsoon （〉 700 ind..m3） and disappeared in pre-monsoon while Oncaea minuta was maximum in post-monsoon （〉 130 ind..m3） and disappeared in NE-monsoon and pre-monsoon. Oncaea venusta showed the highest abundance in post-monsoon （〉 370 ind..m3） and the lowest in pre-monsoon （〈 55 ind..m-3）. The highest abundance of Oncaea clevei was in post-monsoon （〈 240 ind..m-3） and lowest in NE-monsoon. Overall, the highest abundance of Oncaeidae was observed in post-monsoon. The results showed that depth was the most important factor controlling abundance of the Oncaeidae. Spatially, the highest abundance of Oncaeidae species was found in off shore stations. Four species of this family showed positive correlation with depth. Also, O. venusta showed negative correlation with salinity that showed this species prefers low saline water.
文摘The relation between the United States and the Democratic People＇s Republic of Korea （DPRK） is of substantial strategic prominence in the security landscape of Northeast Asia. The longstanding incompatibility between the two countries can be illuminated by drawing on three factors： the conflict of interest in the DPRK-ROK unification; the strategic interests of the nuclearization and the denuclearization-normalization dilemma; the Sino-U.S. dual power structure in Northeast Asia. In addressing these issues, this paper discusses the possibility of achieving diplomatic normalization between the U.S. and DPRK by examining in a comparative framework the feasibility of existing mechanisms. The paper concludes that unconventional mechanism is required to establish the initial momentum for a necessary political breakthrough, especially in light of the Trump phenomenon. Specifically, the author proposes a stepwise model to assist the diplomatic reconciliation and to further promote the restoration of peace, security and stability in Northeast Asia.
