两相流喷射器流动模型研究

研究了压缩/喷射制冷系统中两相流喷射器内的射流发展过程,沿喷射器内部射流的流动方向分段对射流压力调整过程、射流混合、均匀过程和扩压过程进行建模,得到喷射器的引射比和出口背压随冷凝温度与蒸发温度的变化特性。模型的预测结果与实验测试结果在变化趋势上完全一致,压缩/喷射制冷循环中的冷凝温度越大,喷射器的引射比和出口背压越大,节能效果越好;蒸发温度存在一个最佳值,使得引射比最大,出口背压增大效果较好。

两相流喷射器制冷循环

为防止全球气温变暖,替代冷媒R134a和自然冷媒二氧化碳已经用于制冷循环。由于压缩机的压缩量增加,采用这两种冷媒的制冷循环的效率系数变得较低。然而,因为那些冷媒膨胀阀的能量损耗也在增加。带有喷射器的制冷循环能够将膨胀阀的有效能量转化为压缩冷媒的功。本文将叙述喷射器在制冷循环中如何工作,以及效率系数能够增加多少。

高速蒸汽与过冷水直接接触凝结局部换热特性研究

针对气液两相流喷射器内高速蒸汽与过冷水直接接触凝结过程,设计并搭建了使用矩形截面喷嘴及混合腔的可视化实验台,在蒸汽质量流率为200~600kg·m^(-2)·s^(-1)、入口过冷水质量流率为4~18t·m^(-2)·s^(-1)、入口过冷水温度为20~50℃的实验条件下,使用图像处理技术分析可视化图像,研究了气液界面的波动特性,建立了局部凝结换热系数的计算方法,并对界面波动与局部凝结换热系数的关系进行了研究。研究结果表明:实验中观察到的界面波是界面不稳定性的一种表现形式;界面波在传播过程中振幅逐渐增加,强度增大,平均振幅在0.12~0.38mm之间;局部凝结换热系数沿流动方向逐渐增大,其值在1.8~5.9 MW·m^(-2)·℃^(-1)之间;界面波振幅与局部凝结换热系数对比的结果表明,界面的波动对汽水直接接触凝结的换热过程具有强化作用。

Breakup Structure of Two-phase Jets with Various Momentum Flux from a Porous Injector

Spray structure and atomization characteristics were investigated through a comparison of a porous and a shear coaxial injector. The porous injector shows better atomization performance than the shear coaxial injector. To in- crease atomization performance and mixing efficiency of two-phase jets, a coaxial porous injector which can be applicable to liquid rocket combustors was designed and tested. The characteristics of atomization and spray from a porous and a shear coaxial injector were characterized by the momentum flux ratio. The breakup mechanism of the porous injector is governed by Taylor-Culick flow and axial shear forces. Momentum of injected gas flow through a porous material which is composed of sintered metal is radically transferred to the center of the liquid column, and then liquid column is effectively broken up. Although the shapes of spray from porous and shear co- axial jets were similar for various momentum ratio, spray structures such as spray angle and droplet sizes were different. As increasing the momentum flux ratio, SMD from the porous injector showed smaller value than the shear coaxial injector