Among pharmaceuticals and personal care products released into the aquatic environment, antibiotics are of particular concern, because of their ubiquity and health effects. Although scientists have recently paid more ...Among pharmaceuticals and personal care products released into the aquatic environment, antibiotics are of particular concern, because of their ubiquity and health effects. Although scientists have recently paid more attention to the threat of antibiotics to coastal ecosystems, researchers have often focused on relatively few antibiotics, because of the absence of suitable analytical methods. We have therefore developed a method for the rapid detection of 36 antibiotic residues in coastal waters, including tetracyclines （TCs）, sulfanilamides （SAs）, and quinolones （QLs）. The method consists of solid-phase extraction （SPE） and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） analysis, using electrospray ionization （ESI） in positive mode. The SPE was performed with Oasis HLB and Oasis MCX cartridges. Chromatographic separation on a Cr8 column was achieved using a binary eluent containing methanol and water with 0.1% formic acid. Typical recoveries of the analytes ranged from 67.4% to 109.3% at a fortification level of 100 ng/L. The precision of the method, calculated as relative standard deviation （RSD）, was below 14.6% for all the compounds. The limits of detection （LODs） varied from 0.45 pg to 7.97 pg. The method was applied to detemaine the target analytes in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea in Liaoning, China. Among the tested antibiotics, 31 were found in coastal ＇waters, with their concentrations between the LOD and 212.5 ng/L. These data indicate that this method is valid for analysis of antibiotics in coastal waters. The study first reports such a large number of antibiotics along the Yellow Sea coast of Liaoning, and should facilitate future comprehensive evaluation of antibiotics in coastal ecosystems展开更多
With the increasing use of PPCPs （pharmaceuticals and personal care products）, the impact caused by the accumulation of PPCPs on the environment has become increasingly serious and has attracted considerable attenti...With the increasing use of PPCPs （pharmaceuticals and personal care products）, the impact caused by the accumulation of PPCPs on the environment has become increasingly serious and has attracted considerable attention. In the last 10 years, major studies on PPCPs have focused on the sources and analytical testing of concentrations in the environment. Afterward, studies have shifted to the transfer and transformation of PCPPs in the environment and to the environmental risk assessment of PPCPs. Studies on PPCPs in the underground environment have mainly focused on their adsorption, desorption, transfer, and transformation in the aeration and saturation zones. The main methods applied in these studies include indoor simulation experiments and outdoor sampling and testing. These studies have mainly considered one dimension, and most of them have concentrated only on the aeration or saturation zone. Therefore, the main developing directions of studies on PPCPs are the comprehensive study of the transfer and transform process from source to sink in the underground environment and the establishment of an effective and efficient PPCP detection system,展开更多
This qualitative research study addresses the research question of how the environmental sustainability initiative of 7G （Seventh Generation）, a product design, marketing, and distribution company in the household a...This qualitative research study addresses the research question of how the environmental sustainability initiative of 7G （Seventh Generation）, a product design, marketing, and distribution company in the household and personal care products, could be understood within its supply chain context using Tornatzky and Fleischer＇s TOE （Technology-Organization-Environment） framework. Content analysis, a research technique for making valid inferences from text following a set of procedures, was used and applied to secondary data materials on 7G. The findings reveal that the environmental, organizational, and technological contexts, which are key elements of the TOE framework, are useful in analyzing and comprehending the business practices and business processes adopted by 7G to pursue its sustainability initiative. Of particular interest are those business processes that were included by 7G＇s EMS （Environment Management System） and enabled by green IS （Information Systems）. Both the strengths and weaknesses of 7G＇s efforts are discussed and suggestions are presented for modifying certain phases of the systems development life cycle methodology when implementing green IS.展开更多
In this paper, we conduct research on the packaging and illustration design development trend from the psychology and aesthetics perspective. Commercial illustration in packaging design which can provide extremely div...In this paper, we conduct research on the packaging and illustration design development trend from the psychology and aesthetics perspective. Commercial illustration in packaging design which can provide extremely diversified forms of style, to convey the brand＇ s core idea, brand or product difference, and brand personality. Application of illustration in packaging design should use human language, which would make the commodity characteristics. Our methodology combines the principles of psychology and aesthetics to optimize the traditional approaches which will not only enhance the design pattern of the current model and help make innovative products.展开更多
The Chinese beauty and personal care market has been mainly dominated by big foreign brands such as L＇Oreal and Maybelline, due to their good product reputation, high quality and other advantages. On the back of ＂Ko...The Chinese beauty and personal care market has been mainly dominated by big foreign brands such as L＇Oreal and Maybelline, due to their good product reputation, high quality and other advantages. On the back of ＂Korean Wave＂ in China, the Korean cosmetics are expanding their presence in the Chinese market. Local companies must upgrade their brand image and enhance the competitiveness of their brands in the high-end market. In the future, with the increase of people＇s purchasing power, and the demand for high-end cosmetics, the competition in the Chinese cosmetic market will become fiercer.展开更多
基金Supported by Young Scientists Research Program (No. 2009507)the Key Laboratory of Marine Bioactive Substances and Modern Analytical Techniques (No. MBSMAT-2010-04),SOA of China
文摘Among pharmaceuticals and personal care products released into the aquatic environment, antibiotics are of particular concern, because of their ubiquity and health effects. Although scientists have recently paid more attention to the threat of antibiotics to coastal ecosystems, researchers have often focused on relatively few antibiotics, because of the absence of suitable analytical methods. We have therefore developed a method for the rapid detection of 36 antibiotic residues in coastal waters, including tetracyclines （TCs）, sulfanilamides （SAs）, and quinolones （QLs）. The method consists of solid-phase extraction （SPE） and liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry （LC-MS/MS） analysis, using electrospray ionization （ESI） in positive mode. The SPE was performed with Oasis HLB and Oasis MCX cartridges. Chromatographic separation on a Cr8 column was achieved using a binary eluent containing methanol and water with 0.1% formic acid. Typical recoveries of the analytes ranged from 67.4% to 109.3% at a fortification level of 100 ng/L. The precision of the method, calculated as relative standard deviation （RSD）, was below 14.6% for all the compounds. The limits of detection （LODs） varied from 0.45 pg to 7.97 pg. The method was applied to detemaine the target analytes in coastal waters of the Yellow Sea in Liaoning, China. Among the tested antibiotics, 31 were found in coastal ＇waters, with their concentrations between the LOD and 212.5 ng/L. These data indicate that this method is valid for analysis of antibiotics in coastal waters. The study first reports such a large number of antibiotics along the Yellow Sea coast of Liaoning, and should facilitate future comprehensive evaluation of antibiotics in coastal ecosystems
文摘With the increasing use of PPCPs （pharmaceuticals and personal care products）, the impact caused by the accumulation of PPCPs on the environment has become increasingly serious and has attracted considerable attention. In the last 10 years, major studies on PPCPs have focused on the sources and analytical testing of concentrations in the environment. Afterward, studies have shifted to the transfer and transformation of PCPPs in the environment and to the environmental risk assessment of PPCPs. Studies on PPCPs in the underground environment have mainly focused on their adsorption, desorption, transfer, and transformation in the aeration and saturation zones. The main methods applied in these studies include indoor simulation experiments and outdoor sampling and testing. These studies have mainly considered one dimension, and most of them have concentrated only on the aeration or saturation zone. Therefore, the main developing directions of studies on PPCPs are the comprehensive study of the transfer and transform process from source to sink in the underground environment and the establishment of an effective and efficient PPCP detection system,
文摘This qualitative research study addresses the research question of how the environmental sustainability initiative of 7G （Seventh Generation）, a product design, marketing, and distribution company in the household and personal care products, could be understood within its supply chain context using Tornatzky and Fleischer＇s TOE （Technology-Organization-Environment） framework. Content analysis, a research technique for making valid inferences from text following a set of procedures, was used and applied to secondary data materials on 7G. The findings reveal that the environmental, organizational, and technological contexts, which are key elements of the TOE framework, are useful in analyzing and comprehending the business practices and business processes adopted by 7G to pursue its sustainability initiative. Of particular interest are those business processes that were included by 7G＇s EMS （Environment Management System） and enabled by green IS （Information Systems）. Both the strengths and weaknesses of 7G＇s efforts are discussed and suggestions are presented for modifying certain phases of the systems development life cycle methodology when implementing green IS.
文摘In this paper, we conduct research on the packaging and illustration design development trend from the psychology and aesthetics perspective. Commercial illustration in packaging design which can provide extremely diversified forms of style, to convey the brand＇ s core idea, brand or product difference, and brand personality. Application of illustration in packaging design should use human language, which would make the commodity characteristics. Our methodology combines the principles of psychology and aesthetics to optimize the traditional approaches which will not only enhance the design pattern of the current model and help make innovative products.
文摘The Chinese beauty and personal care market has been mainly dominated by big foreign brands such as L＇Oreal and Maybelline, due to their good product reputation, high quality and other advantages. On the back of ＂Korean Wave＂ in China, the Korean cosmetics are expanding their presence in the Chinese market. Local companies must upgrade their brand image and enhance the competitiveness of their brands in the high-end market. In the future, with the increase of people＇s purchasing power, and the demand for high-end cosmetics, the competition in the Chinese cosmetic market will become fiercer.
