Individual learner＇s differences, such as sex, age, aptitude, motivation, personality and strategies, are important factors in English learning as foreign language （EFL）. Among these, personal types should be paid ...Individual learner＇s differences, such as sex, age, aptitude, motivation, personality and strategies, are important factors in English learning as foreign language （EFL）. Among these, personal types should be paid more attention to since different personalities mean different learning styles, and different learning styles lead to different levels of proficiency. The present study tries to explore the personal types in terms of extroversion and introversion of the students majoring in physical culture. Based on the investigation in personality types, the implications are discussed and some suggestions are put forward.展开更多
This article does some researches on the impact of English Immersion on children. Through the practice and observation of children in the immersion program, we find that English Immersion has the following impacts on ...This article does some researches on the impact of English Immersion on children. Through the practice and observation of children in the immersion program, we find that English Immersion has the following impacts on children： 1） The English language learning is immersed into the process of thematic activities, Children in the Immersion learn English naturally, joyfully and systematically. They tend to cooperate well. 2） The language immersion is an integrated model in which children feel no cultural barriers. 3） English learning enhances the learning of Pingying, and vice versa. 4） There is little gap between genders. 5） Social and economic difference does not influence their learning. 6） English rhyming, chanting and songs arouse great interest in them. 7） Drama makes children very confident in their performance. They learn to think and settle problems through the performance. English immersion gives children cognitive development and enforces the language they are learning.展开更多
Natal dispersal, the movement of an organism from its birthplace to the site of first reproduction, is fundamental to many ecological and evolutionary processes. Mechanistically, individual dispersal decisions can dep...Natal dispersal, the movement of an organism from its birthplace to the site of first reproduction, is fundamental to many ecological and evolutionary processes. Mechanistically, individual dispersal decisions can depend on both individual phe- notype and environmental cues. In particular, many established evolutionary theories of dispersal highlight the importance of the social environment. More recent research in behavioral ecology has focused on the importance of individual behavioral pheno- types. We reviewed the literature on individual behavioral phenotypes and dispersal and suggest that how individual behavioral phenotypes interact with the immediate social environment experienced by individuals in influencing dispersal is still poorly un- derstood, despite growing interest. We found that very few studies had examined the interaction of individual behavioral pheno- types and social factors, and behavioral phenotypes related to social tendencies were less commonly measured than were beha- vioral phenotypes related to exploration or response to risk. Further, and unsurprisingly, studies on social behavioral phenotypes and dispersal behaviors during the transience stage of dispersal were underrepresented compared to the departure or settlement stages. Future studies in this area should aim to＂ a） make explicit links between behavioral traits and their proposed effects on dispersal decisions throughout multiple stages of dispersal, b） integrate more continuous dispersal variables, and c） consider the effects of the spatial distribution and phenotypes of conspecifics （i.e., the social landscape） encountered by individual dispersers展开更多
Individual behavioral variation is ubiquitous across taxa and important to understand if we wish to fully use beha- vioral data to understand the ecology and evolution of organisms. Only recently have studies of indiv...Individual behavioral variation is ubiquitous across taxa and important to understand if we wish to fully use beha- vioral data to understand the ecology and evolution of organisms. Only recently have studies of individual variation in dispersal behavior become a focus of research. A better understanding of individual variation in dispersal behavior is likely to improve our understanding of population dynamics. In particular, the dynamics of critically small populations （endangered species） and large populations （pest species） may be driven by unique dispersal variants. Here we documented individual variation in the ballooning dispersal behavior of Western black widow spiderlings Latrodectus hesperus, an urban pest species found in superabundant in- festations throughout cities of the desert Southwest USA. We found a great deal of family-level variation in ballooning dispersal, and this variation was highly consistent （repeatable） across time. Maternal egg investment was a poor predictor of this ballooning dispersal. Instead, we show that spiderlings reared in isolation are significantly slower to disperse than spiderlings raised in a more natural setting surrounded by full siblings. Thus, our study examines a widespread but poorly understood dispersal behavior （ballooning）, and suggests urban pest population dynamics are likely driven by the interaction of variation in individuals, families and social environments展开更多
文摘Individual learner＇s differences, such as sex, age, aptitude, motivation, personality and strategies, are important factors in English learning as foreign language （EFL）. Among these, personal types should be paid more attention to since different personalities mean different learning styles, and different learning styles lead to different levels of proficiency. The present study tries to explore the personal types in terms of extroversion and introversion of the students majoring in physical culture. Based on the investigation in personality types, the implications are discussed and some suggestions are put forward.
文摘This article does some researches on the impact of English Immersion on children. Through the practice and observation of children in the immersion program, we find that English Immersion has the following impacts on children： 1） The English language learning is immersed into the process of thematic activities, Children in the Immersion learn English naturally, joyfully and systematically. They tend to cooperate well. 2） The language immersion is an integrated model in which children feel no cultural barriers. 3） English learning enhances the learning of Pingying, and vice versa. 4） There is little gap between genders. 5） Social and economic difference does not influence their learning. 6） English rhyming, chanting and songs arouse great interest in them. 7） Drama makes children very confident in their performance. They learn to think and settle problems through the performance. English immersion gives children cognitive development and enforces the language they are learning.
文摘Natal dispersal, the movement of an organism from its birthplace to the site of first reproduction, is fundamental to many ecological and evolutionary processes. Mechanistically, individual dispersal decisions can depend on both individual phe- notype and environmental cues. In particular, many established evolutionary theories of dispersal highlight the importance of the social environment. More recent research in behavioral ecology has focused on the importance of individual behavioral pheno- types. We reviewed the literature on individual behavioral phenotypes and dispersal and suggest that how individual behavioral phenotypes interact with the immediate social environment experienced by individuals in influencing dispersal is still poorly un- derstood, despite growing interest. We found that very few studies had examined the interaction of individual behavioral pheno- types and social factors, and behavioral phenotypes related to social tendencies were less commonly measured than were beha- vioral phenotypes related to exploration or response to risk. Further, and unsurprisingly, studies on social behavioral phenotypes and dispersal behaviors during the transience stage of dispersal were underrepresented compared to the departure or settlement stages. Future studies in this area should aim to＂ a） make explicit links between behavioral traits and their proposed effects on dispersal decisions throughout multiple stages of dispersal, b） integrate more continuous dispersal variables, and c） consider the effects of the spatial distribution and phenotypes of conspecifics （i.e., the social landscape） encountered by individual dispersers
文摘Individual behavioral variation is ubiquitous across taxa and important to understand if we wish to fully use beha- vioral data to understand the ecology and evolution of organisms. Only recently have studies of individual variation in dispersal behavior become a focus of research. A better understanding of individual variation in dispersal behavior is likely to improve our understanding of population dynamics. In particular, the dynamics of critically small populations （endangered species） and large populations （pest species） may be driven by unique dispersal variants. Here we documented individual variation in the ballooning dispersal behavior of Western black widow spiderlings Latrodectus hesperus, an urban pest species found in superabundant in- festations throughout cities of the desert Southwest USA. We found a great deal of family-level variation in ballooning dispersal, and this variation was highly consistent （repeatable） across time. Maternal egg investment was a poor predictor of this ballooning dispersal. Instead, we show that spiderlings reared in isolation are significantly slower to disperse than spiderlings raised in a more natural setting surrounded by full siblings. Thus, our study examines a widespread but poorly understood dispersal behavior （ballooning）, and suggests urban pest population dynamics are likely driven by the interaction of variation in individuals, families and social environments
