目的评价当前我国医院感染预测模型研究方法学质量和报告质量,以期为规范研究过程和报告方法提供参考。方法系统检索中英文数据库截至2022年底的国内医院感染相关预测模型研究,研究团队按纳入、排除标准独立筛选文献、交叉核对提取资料...目的评价当前我国医院感染预测模型研究方法学质量和报告质量,以期为规范研究过程和报告方法提供参考。方法系统检索中英文数据库截至2022年底的国内医院感染相关预测模型研究,研究团队按纳入、排除标准独立筛选文献、交叉核对提取资料后,应用临床预测模型偏倚风险和适用性的评估工具(prediction model risk of bias assessment tool,PROBAST)评价方法学质量,使用个体预后与诊断预测模型研究报告规范(transparent reporting of a multivariable pre⁃diction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis,TRIPOD)声明评价研究报告质量。结果共纳入81篇医院感染预测模型研究,PROBAST偏倚风险评估的平均完成度为58.11%±13.88%,TRIPOD声明报告质量的平均完成度为56.11%±16.35%。方法学缺陷主要存在于数据来源、未考虑数据复杂性与采用单因素分析筛选预测因子等,报告质量中风险分层、样本量估算与补充信息等条目未报告或报告不全面。结论国内医院感染预测模型研究存在方法学缺陷与不完整的报告情况,限制了研究结果的可靠性与适用性,有较大的改进空间。展开更多
We evaluated the feeding ecology of largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) and hairtail (T. margarites). We collected specimens from fishing ports in the Beibu Gulf (Gulf of Tonkin) from October 2008 to September 20...We evaluated the feeding ecology of largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) and hairtail (T. margarites). We collected specimens from fishing ports in the Beibu Gulf (Gulf of Tonkin) from October 2008 to September 2009 and analyzed their gut contents. We collected 857 T. lepturus and 666 T. margarites samples. The number of stomachs examined in this study was sufficient to describe the monthly and ontogenetic diet shifts for the two species, as indicated by the trophic diversity curves. T. lepturus was a general omnivore, feeding primarily on Bregmaceros rarisquamosu, Decapterus maruadsi, and Acetes chinensis. Conversely, T. margarites preyed primarily on D. maruadsi, B. rarisquamosus, B. nectabanus, and A. chinensis. Both species exhibited distinct ontogenetic diet shifts. Although the two hairtail specie fed on similar sources in the same habitat, the diet overlap was relatively low. Our results suggest that hairtail play an important role in controlling small pelagic and benthic fish populations in the gulf. This trophic correlation shall be used for developing a marine ecosystem model for the Beibu Gulf.展开更多
目的以库伯理论为基础,探究体验式学习在"知识""情感""行动"3个层面的阶梯性学习路径及其内在逻辑。设计"基于成长体验的个体发展报告(experience-based individual development interpretation,EBI...目的以库伯理论为基础,探究体验式学习在"知识""情感""行动"3个层面的阶梯性学习路径及其内在逻辑。设计"基于成长体验的个体发展报告(experience-based individual development interpretation,EBIDI)"学习法,并在"儿童生长与发展"课程中加以实施并评价其效果。方法2016至2019年在卫生教育专业本科学生中开展了EBIDI学习法,运用个案资料分析中的"抽象化阶梯法"对学生的个人成长反思报告和小组案例调研分析报告进行分析,剖析EBIDI学习法的应用成效,并根据结果对"三层面、六阶梯"的体验式学习模型进行阐释。结果体验式学习可分为内省式体验和观察式体验2种方式,其学习成效表现为认同/领悟与评判/应用2个层次。EBIDI主要通过4个路径达成学习效果:在内省式学习过程中深刻阐释概念、在情景再现中促进学习迁移、在案例探究中尝试评判和创新,以及依托浓厚兴趣唤起情感与动机以增强学习动力。结论EBIDI及其所依托的体验学习模型可为体验式学习的路径设计和效果评价提供一种理论框架,可为青少年健康教育活动课程方案设计提供一种视角。展开更多
文摘目的评价当前我国医院感染预测模型研究方法学质量和报告质量,以期为规范研究过程和报告方法提供参考。方法系统检索中英文数据库截至2022年底的国内医院感染相关预测模型研究,研究团队按纳入、排除标准独立筛选文献、交叉核对提取资料后,应用临床预测模型偏倚风险和适用性的评估工具(prediction model risk of bias assessment tool,PROBAST)评价方法学质量,使用个体预后与诊断预测模型研究报告规范(transparent reporting of a multivariable pre⁃diction model for individual prognosis or diagnosis,TRIPOD)声明评价研究报告质量。结果共纳入81篇医院感染预测模型研究,PROBAST偏倚风险评估的平均完成度为58.11%±13.88%,TRIPOD声明报告质量的平均完成度为56.11%±16.35%。方法学缺陷主要存在于数据来源、未考虑数据复杂性与采用单因素分析筛选预测因子等,报告质量中风险分层、样本量估算与补充信息等条目未报告或报告不全面。结论国内医院感染预测模型研究存在方法学缺陷与不完整的报告情况,限制了研究结果的可靠性与适用性,有较大的改进空间。
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No.30771653)the Bureau of Fisheries,Ministry of Agriculture,Department of Education of Guangdong Province (No.LYM09089)Guangdong Ocean University (No.2009-11)
文摘We evaluated the feeding ecology of largehead hairtail (Trichiurus lepturus) and hairtail (T. margarites). We collected specimens from fishing ports in the Beibu Gulf (Gulf of Tonkin) from October 2008 to September 2009 and analyzed their gut contents. We collected 857 T. lepturus and 666 T. margarites samples. The number of stomachs examined in this study was sufficient to describe the monthly and ontogenetic diet shifts for the two species, as indicated by the trophic diversity curves. T. lepturus was a general omnivore, feeding primarily on Bregmaceros rarisquamosu, Decapterus maruadsi, and Acetes chinensis. Conversely, T. margarites preyed primarily on D. maruadsi, B. rarisquamosus, B. nectabanus, and A. chinensis. Both species exhibited distinct ontogenetic diet shifts. Although the two hairtail specie fed on similar sources in the same habitat, the diet overlap was relatively low. Our results suggest that hairtail play an important role in controlling small pelagic and benthic fish populations in the gulf. This trophic correlation shall be used for developing a marine ecosystem model for the Beibu Gulf.
文摘目的以库伯理论为基础,探究体验式学习在"知识""情感""行动"3个层面的阶梯性学习路径及其内在逻辑。设计"基于成长体验的个体发展报告(experience-based individual development interpretation,EBIDI)"学习法,并在"儿童生长与发展"课程中加以实施并评价其效果。方法2016至2019年在卫生教育专业本科学生中开展了EBIDI学习法,运用个案资料分析中的"抽象化阶梯法"对学生的个人成长反思报告和小组案例调研分析报告进行分析,剖析EBIDI学习法的应用成效,并根据结果对"三层面、六阶梯"的体验式学习模型进行阐释。结果体验式学习可分为内省式体验和观察式体验2种方式,其学习成效表现为认同/领悟与评判/应用2个层次。EBIDI主要通过4个路径达成学习效果:在内省式学习过程中深刻阐释概念、在情景再现中促进学习迁移、在案例探究中尝试评判和创新,以及依托浓厚兴趣唤起情感与动机以增强学习动力。结论EBIDI及其所依托的体验学习模型可为体验式学习的路径设计和效果评价提供一种理论框架,可为青少年健康教育活动课程方案设计提供一种视角。