The interval graph completion problem of a graph G includes two class problems： the profile problem and the pathwidth problem, denoted as P（G） and PW（G） respectively, where the profile problem is to find an inter...The interval graph completion problem of a graph G includes two class problems： the profile problem and the pathwidth problem, denoted as P（G） and PW（G） respectively, where the profile problem is to find an interval supergraph with the smallest possible number of edges; the pathwidth problem is to find an interval supergraph with the smallest possible cliquesize. These two class problems have important applications to numerical algebra, VLSI- layout and algorithm graph theory respectively; And they are known to be NP-complete for general graphs. Some classes of special graphs have been investigated in the literatures. In this paper the exact solutions of the profile and the pathwidth of the complete multipartite graph Kn1,n2,...nr （r≥ 2） are determined.展开更多
The relationship between time and consciousness is what T. S. Eliot concerns much in his early modernist poem The love song of J. Alfred Prufrock. This paper is an analysis of the way Eliot employs the stream of consc...The relationship between time and consciousness is what T. S. Eliot concerns much in his early modernist poem The love song of J. Alfred Prufrock. This paper is an analysis of the way Eliot employs the stream of consciousness technique to create a typical Western modern man who suffers greatly from meaningless life and spiritual crisis.展开更多
As an art, Chinese knot is aged and refreshing. Those kinds of knots have come down from time immemorial. It exemplified the wisdom of the working people. The knots have the beauty of plainness and nature. Applying it...As an art, Chinese knot is aged and refreshing. Those kinds of knots have come down from time immemorial. It exemplified the wisdom of the working people. The knots have the beauty of plainness and nature. Applying it in modem decoration would give the Modem decorative art personality and all kinds of form are available. The two parts would interact and help each other forward. Through the research, this paper analyzed the styles and features of Chinese knot. As well as the development and application of Chinese knot in Modem decorative art. In order to make the theoretical bases, for the sake of inheriting and continuing fine folk arts.展开更多
In many sexually reproducing species, individuals can gather information about potential mates by observing their mating success. This behavioral pattern, that we call mate-copying, was reported in the fruit fly Droso...In many sexually reproducing species, individuals can gather information about potential mates by observing their mating success. This behavioral pattern, that we call mate-copying, was reported in the fruit fly Drosophila rnelanogaster where females choosing between 2 males of contrasting phenotypes can build a preference for males of the phenotype they previously saw being chosen by a demonstrator female. As sex ratio is known to affect mate choice, our goal was to test whether mate-copying is also affected by encountered sex ratios. Thus, we created a gradient of sex ratio during demonstrations of mate-copying experiments by changing the number of females observ- ing from a central arena 6 simultaneous demonstrations unfolding in 6 peripheral compartments of a hexagonal device. We also tested whether the sex ratio experienced by females during demon- strations affected their choosiness （male courtship duration and double courtship rate） in subse- quent mate-choice tests. Experimental male：female sex ratio during demonstrations did not affect mate-copying indices, but positively affected the proportion of both males courting the female during mate-choice tests, as well as male courtship duration, the latter potentially explaining the for- mer relationship. As expected, the sex ratio affected female choosiness positively, and Drosophila females seem to have evolved a mate-copying ability independently of sex ratio, and a capacity to adapt their choosiness to male availability. This suggests that, as in many animal species, individuals, especially females, can adapt their mate choice depending on the current sex ratio.展开更多
The high-resolution quantitative analysis of the planktonic foraminifera and the δ18O records of the section between 96.49– 137.6 mcd at ODP Site 1144 on the continental slope of northern South China Sea reveals an ...The high-resolution quantitative analysis of the planktonic foraminifera and the δ18O records of the section between 96.49– 137.6 mcd at ODP Site 1144 on the continental slope of northern South China Sea reveals an abrupt cooling event of sea surface temperature (SST) during the last interglacial (MIS 5.5, i.e. 5e). The dropping range of the winter SST may come to 7.5°C corresponding to 1.2‰ of the δ18O value of sea surface water. This event is comparable with those discovered in the west Europe and the northern Atlantic Ocean, but expressed in a more intensive way. It is inferred that this event may have been induced by middle- to low-latitude processes rather than by polar ice sheet change. Since the Kuroshio-index speciesPulleniatina obliquiloculata displayed the most distinct change at the event, it may also be related to the paleoceanographic change of the low-latitude area in the western Pacific Ocean. This event can be considered as one of “Younger Dryas-style coolings” and is indicative of climate variability of the last interglacial stage.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To investigate the curative effects of Xuebijing （XBJ） injection, a Chinese patent medi- cine, on severe pulmonary contusion （PC）. METHODS： Sixty-three patients with PC were ran- domized to convention...OBJECTIVE： To investigate the curative effects of Xuebijing （XBJ） injection, a Chinese patent medi- cine, on severe pulmonary contusion （PC）. METHODS： Sixty-three patients with PC were ran- domized to conventional therapy plus XBJ injec- tion （n=33） or conventional therapy alone （n=30）. Between groups differences in corticosteroid treat- ment, immune regulation therapy, hemofiltration, infusion volume, transfusion volume and antibiotic period were measured, as were intensive care unit（ICU）-free time, ventilation time, 28-day mortality rate and incidence of ventilation-associated pneu- monia （VAP）. Serum concentrations of procalcito- nin （PCT）, tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a）, interleu- kin （IL）-6, and 11_-10, white blood cell （WBC） counts and percentages of human leukocyte antigen DR/ CD14＋ （HLA-DR/CD14＋） peripheral blood mononu- clear cells were compared. Markers of ventilation were determined by blood gas analysis and ventila- tor parameters. RESULTS： WBC counts and serum concentrations of PCT, TNF-a, 11.-6 and IL-10 were reduced signifi- cantly more quickly, and CD14＋ percentage was in- creased significantly earlier, in the XBJ group than in the control group （P〈0.05 each）. The level of ven- tilation and oxygenation index were ameliorated earlier in the XBJ than in the control group （P〈 0.05）. XBJ treatment significantly reduced ICU-free time, ventilation time and incidence of VAP （P〈0.05 each）, but had no effect on 28-day mortality rate （P〉0.05）. CONCLUSION： XBJ treatment can shorten ICU-free and ventilation times and reduce the incidence of VAP, improving outcomes in patients with severe PC. XBJ may act by regulating inflammation and im- munity, alleviating systemic inflammatory response syndrome induced by trauma.展开更多
Scoring in a basketball game is a highly dynamic, non-linear process. NBA teams try to be more and more competitive each season. For instance, they incorporate into their rosters the best players in the world. This an...Scoring in a basketball game is a highly dynamic, non-linear process. NBA teams try to be more and more competitive each season. For instance, they incorporate into their rosters the best players in the world. This and other mechanisms concur to make the scoring process in NBA games exciting and rarely predictable. This paper is to study the behavior of timing and scoring in basketball gaines. The authors analyze all the games in five NBA regular seasons （2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10）, for a total of 6150 games. Scoring does not behave uniformly; therefore, the authors also analyze the distributions of the differences in points in the basketball games. To further analyze the behavior of the tail of the distribution, the authors also carry out a semilog-plot and a log-log plot to verify whether this trend approaches a Poisson distribution or a PL. This paper reveals different areas of behavior related to the score, with specific instances of time that could be considered tipping points of the game. The presence of these critical points suggests that there are phase transitions where the dynamic scoring of the games varies significantly.展开更多
We investigated how exposure duration （time that two individuals initially interact） and separation interval （time be- tween the initial interaction and a subsequent interaction） affect recognition memory of consp...We investigated how exposure duration （time that two individuals initially interact） and separation interval （time be- tween the initial interaction and a subsequent interaction） affect recognition memory of conspecifics in male red-backed sala- manders Plethodon cinereus. Previous studies have demonstrated that this species aggressively defends territories. We recorded aggressive behavior to assess recognition memory, because aggression is more intense toward previously unencountered indi- viduals compared to previously encountered individuals in this species. We found that with 15-min exposures and 5-day separa- tion intervals, focal males did not spend significantly more time threatening ＇unfamiliar＇ intruders than ＇familiar＇ intruders. After either 8-hour exposures and 5-day separation intervals and 5-day exposures and 5-day separation intervals, focal males spent sig- nificantly more time threatening unfamiliar intruders than familiar intruders. These results suggest that male red-backed salaman- ders can remember familiar conspecifics （e.g., territorial neighbors） after at least an 8-hour exposure duration and that memory persists at least as long as 5 days. After 5-day exposure and 15-day separation intervals, we found no significant difference in ag- gressive behavior toward familiar and unfamiliar intruders. Long separation intervals （15 days） may lead either to loss of memory of previously familiar individuals or, alternatively, aggressive reassessment of individuals as only a change in behavior indicates positively that memory has occurred. Thus, variance in territorial defense within an individual may depend on its ability to recog- nize conspecific males .展开更多
基金Supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Henan Province（082300460190） Sponsored by Program for Science and Technology Innovation Talents in Universities of Henan Province.
文摘The interval graph completion problem of a graph G includes two class problems： the profile problem and the pathwidth problem, denoted as P（G） and PW（G） respectively, where the profile problem is to find an interval supergraph with the smallest possible number of edges; the pathwidth problem is to find an interval supergraph with the smallest possible cliquesize. These two class problems have important applications to numerical algebra, VLSI- layout and algorithm graph theory respectively; And they are known to be NP-complete for general graphs. Some classes of special graphs have been investigated in the literatures. In this paper the exact solutions of the profile and the pathwidth of the complete multipartite graph Kn1,n2,...nr （r≥ 2） are determined.
文摘The relationship between time and consciousness is what T. S. Eliot concerns much in his early modernist poem The love song of J. Alfred Prufrock. This paper is an analysis of the way Eliot employs the stream of consciousness technique to create a typical Western modern man who suffers greatly from meaningless life and spiritual crisis.
文摘As an art, Chinese knot is aged and refreshing. Those kinds of knots have come down from time immemorial. It exemplified the wisdom of the working people. The knots have the beauty of plainness and nature. Applying it in modem decoration would give the Modem decorative art personality and all kinds of form are available. The two parts would interact and help each other forward. Through the research, this paper analyzed the styles and features of Chinese knot. As well as the development and application of Chinese knot in Modem decorative art. In order to make the theoretical bases, for the sake of inheriting and continuing fine folk arts.
文摘In many sexually reproducing species, individuals can gather information about potential mates by observing their mating success. This behavioral pattern, that we call mate-copying, was reported in the fruit fly Drosophila rnelanogaster where females choosing between 2 males of contrasting phenotypes can build a preference for males of the phenotype they previously saw being chosen by a demonstrator female. As sex ratio is known to affect mate choice, our goal was to test whether mate-copying is also affected by encountered sex ratios. Thus, we created a gradient of sex ratio during demonstrations of mate-copying experiments by changing the number of females observ- ing from a central arena 6 simultaneous demonstrations unfolding in 6 peripheral compartments of a hexagonal device. We also tested whether the sex ratio experienced by females during demon- strations affected their choosiness （male courtship duration and double courtship rate） in subse- quent mate-choice tests. Experimental male：female sex ratio during demonstrations did not affect mate-copying indices, but positively affected the proportion of both males courting the female during mate-choice tests, as well as male courtship duration, the latter potentially explaining the for- mer relationship. As expected, the sex ratio affected female choosiness positively, and Drosophila females seem to have evolved a mate-copying ability independently of sex ratio, and a capacity to adapt their choosiness to male availability. This suggests that, as in many animal species, individuals, especially females, can adapt their mate choice depending on the current sex ratio.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 4999560).
文摘The high-resolution quantitative analysis of the planktonic foraminifera and the δ18O records of the section between 96.49– 137.6 mcd at ODP Site 1144 on the continental slope of northern South China Sea reveals an abrupt cooling event of sea surface temperature (SST) during the last interglacial (MIS 5.5, i.e. 5e). The dropping range of the winter SST may come to 7.5°C corresponding to 1.2‰ of the δ18O value of sea surface water. This event is comparable with those discovered in the west Europe and the northern Atlantic Ocean, but expressed in a more intensive way. It is inferred that this event may have been induced by middle- to low-latitude processes rather than by polar ice sheet change. Since the Kuroshio-index speciesPulleniatina obliquiloculata displayed the most distinct change at the event, it may also be related to the paleoceanographic change of the low-latitude area in the western Pacific Ocean. This event can be considered as one of “Younger Dryas-style coolings” and is indicative of climate variability of the last interglacial stage.
基金Supported by grants from the National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.81101406)and(No.81071529)Project of Medical Research of PLA BWS12J108
文摘OBJECTIVE： To investigate the curative effects of Xuebijing （XBJ） injection, a Chinese patent medi- cine, on severe pulmonary contusion （PC）. METHODS： Sixty-three patients with PC were ran- domized to conventional therapy plus XBJ injec- tion （n=33） or conventional therapy alone （n=30）. Between groups differences in corticosteroid treat- ment, immune regulation therapy, hemofiltration, infusion volume, transfusion volume and antibiotic period were measured, as were intensive care unit（ICU）-free time, ventilation time, 28-day mortality rate and incidence of ventilation-associated pneu- monia （VAP）. Serum concentrations of procalcito- nin （PCT）, tumor necrosis factor-a （TNF-a）, interleu- kin （IL）-6, and 11_-10, white blood cell （WBC） counts and percentages of human leukocyte antigen DR/ CD14＋ （HLA-DR/CD14＋） peripheral blood mononu- clear cells were compared. Markers of ventilation were determined by blood gas analysis and ventila- tor parameters. RESULTS： WBC counts and serum concentrations of PCT, TNF-a, 11.-6 and IL-10 were reduced signifi- cantly more quickly, and CD14＋ percentage was in- creased significantly earlier, in the XBJ group than in the control group （P〈0.05 each）. The level of ven- tilation and oxygenation index were ameliorated earlier in the XBJ than in the control group （P〈 0.05）. XBJ treatment significantly reduced ICU-free time, ventilation time and incidence of VAP （P〈0.05 each）, but had no effect on 28-day mortality rate （P〉0.05）. CONCLUSION： XBJ treatment can shorten ICU-free and ventilation times and reduce the incidence of VAP, improving outcomes in patients with severe PC. XBJ may act by regulating inflammation and im- munity, alleviating systemic inflammatory response syndrome induced by trauma.
文摘Scoring in a basketball game is a highly dynamic, non-linear process. NBA teams try to be more and more competitive each season. For instance, they incorporate into their rosters the best players in the world. This and other mechanisms concur to make the scoring process in NBA games exciting and rarely predictable. This paper is to study the behavior of timing and scoring in basketball gaines. The authors analyze all the games in five NBA regular seasons （2005-06, 2006-07, 2007-08, 2008-09, 2009-10）, for a total of 6150 games. Scoring does not behave uniformly; therefore, the authors also analyze the distributions of the differences in points in the basketball games. To further analyze the behavior of the tail of the distribution, the authors also carry out a semilog-plot and a log-log plot to verify whether this trend approaches a Poisson distribution or a PL. This paper reveals different areas of behavior related to the score, with specific instances of time that could be considered tipping points of the game. The presence of these critical points suggests that there are phase transitions where the dynamic scoring of the games varies significantly.
文摘We investigated how exposure duration （time that two individuals initially interact） and separation interval （time be- tween the initial interaction and a subsequent interaction） affect recognition memory of conspecifics in male red-backed sala- manders Plethodon cinereus. Previous studies have demonstrated that this species aggressively defends territories. We recorded aggressive behavior to assess recognition memory, because aggression is more intense toward previously unencountered indi- viduals compared to previously encountered individuals in this species. We found that with 15-min exposures and 5-day separa- tion intervals, focal males did not spend significantly more time threatening ＇unfamiliar＇ intruders than ＇familiar＇ intruders. After either 8-hour exposures and 5-day separation intervals and 5-day exposures and 5-day separation intervals, focal males spent sig- nificantly more time threatening unfamiliar intruders than familiar intruders. These results suggest that male red-backed salaman- ders can remember familiar conspecifics （e.g., territorial neighbors） after at least an 8-hour exposure duration and that memory persists at least as long as 5 days. After 5-day exposure and 15-day separation intervals, we found no significant difference in ag- gressive behavior toward familiar and unfamiliar intruders. Long separation intervals （15 days） may lead either to loss of memory of previously familiar individuals or, alternatively, aggressive reassessment of individuals as only a change in behavior indicates positively that memory has occurred. Thus, variance in territorial defense within an individual may depend on its ability to recog- nize conspecific males .
