中亚—俄罗斯地区钢管标准问题探讨——以克阿管线钢管供货标准磋商为例

克孜勒奥尔达—阿斯塔纳天然气管线项目为哈萨克斯坦全资项目,该项目在材料成分、钢管冲击试验、钢管长度等方面与我国常用标准存在一些差异,且止裂韧性指标没有明确要求。为统一项目标准,规避风险,通过双方技术磋商,采用俄罗斯伏尔加钢管厂的企业标准ТУ14-156-77—2008,该标准兼容了API SPEC 5L和俄罗斯ГОСТ标准体系的要求,在技术指标方面双方达成了一致,同时,双方对钢管止裂韧性指标进行了确定。克阿管线项目钢管技术标准的确定,可为我国掌握中亚—俄罗斯地区管线钢管标准体系提供一定的参考。

The Shanghai Cooperation Organization （SCO）： Prospects and Problems in Russia-China Relations

After the collapse of Soviet Union, both Russia and China started to normalize their bilateral relations. Russia lost her geopolitical sphere and China started to broaden his influence in Asian-Pacific and Central Asian regions. The function of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization （SCO） is changing from symbolic to more substantial cooperation. It seems to be that the SCO plays multiple roles in Russia-China relations both in anti-terrorism and in energy economy. This paper is devoted to exploring the functions of the SCO and to seeing the problems in furthering Russia-China relations