As the novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and its variants continue to rage into the second year of a global pandemic,many success stories of applying Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)to treat COVID-19 patients contin...As the novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and its variants continue to rage into the second year of a global pandemic,many success stories of applying Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)to treat COVID-19 patients continue to emerge from China and other part of the world.Herewith,from a systems medicine perspective,the authors analyze those experiences and categorize them into four major treatment principles:(1)focusing on eliminating toxins in the early stage of the disease,(2)tonifying deficiency of the body throughout the entire disease course,(3)treating the affected lung and intestine simultaneously based on visceral interactions,(4)cooling blood and removing blood stasis at the later stage,as well as interpret the rationale of these principles.This is helpful not only in reducing the complexity of promoting the CHM applications to enhance anti-COVID-19 efficacy,but also in ramping out the process of integrating traditional Chinese medicine with modern medical practices.展开更多
In meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the geometrical descriptions can be traced back to the remote ancient times in China, mainly in The Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic (The Internal Classic in...In meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the geometrical descriptions can be traced back to the remote ancient times in China, mainly in The Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic (The Internal Classic in short). Euclid’s geometry, topology and other classic mathematics are all at their wit’s end to explain the high complexity and non clinear phenomenon of the meridian. In recent over 2000 years, the meridian phenomenon has been being the challenge to fundamental mathematics. Fractral geometry, founded by Mandelbrot (1975), is a branch of learning for investigating irregular geometrical curves. It has successfully solved some qualitative and quantitative problems about the topographical structure of molecular Brown’s movement curve and other irregular complicated curves and geometrical characters. The characteristics of geometrical topographical structure of meridian and its phenomenon belong to the research category of Fractal Geometry. The author of this paper believes that Fractal Geometry may provide a useful mathematical tool and a possible way for revealing the enigma of acup moxibustion meridian theory. The human body is of basic characters of Fractal Geometry in structure, while meridian is the expression form of Fractal structure of the human body. The basic Fractal geometrical characters of meridian are: self similarity, self affinity, symmetry, minute structure and self avoidance, which has been applied for thousands of years in clinic, such as “taking the acupoints on the right side of the body in cases of disorders appearing on the left side and vice versa". The basic characters of meridians are 1) symmetry of the 12 regular meridians on the bilateral sides of the body (symmetry); 2) similarity in characters and actions of acupoints of the same one meridian (self similarity); 3) taking acupoints on the lower part of the body when disorders occurring on the upper part of the body; and taking acupoints on the upper part of the body if disorders appearing on the lower part (self affinity); 4) micro acupuncture system including hand acupuncture, foot acupuncture, scalp acupuncture, auricular acupuncture and eye acupuncture (minute structure); and 5) systematical running of needling sensation (self avoidance).展开更多
In many traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） hospitals, most patients are elderly with chronic diseases. Nosocomial bloodstream infections （nBSIs） are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. A retrospective s...In many traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） hospitals, most patients are elderly with chronic diseases. Nosocomial bloodstream infections （nBSIs） are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. A retrospective sur- veillance study was performed to examine the epidemiology and microbiology of nBSIs in a TCM hospital from 2009 to 2011. A total of 482 patients with nBSIs were included in the study period. The incidence rate was 5.7/1000 admissions Escherichia coli （25.5%） was the most common Gram-negative and coagulase-negative staphylococcus （CONS） （14.1%） was the most common Gram-positive organism isolated. One-third of the E. coli and Klebsie/la pneumoniae isolated from the nBSIs were the third-generation cephalosporin-resistant. Half of the Acinetobacter species isolates were resistant to imipenem. Of all the CoNS isolates, 90.7% were resistant to methicillin. Carbapenems and glyco- peptide were the most frequently used for nBSI therapy. Only about one-third of patients （157/482） received appro- priate empirical therapy. Septic shock, hemodialysis, Pitt bacteremia score 〉4, urinary tract infection, and appropriate empirical therapy were most strongly associated with 28-d mortality. The incidence of nBSIs was low in the TCM hospital but the proportion of nBSIs due to antibiotic-resistant organisms was high. A high Pitt bacteremia score was one of the most important risk factors for mortality in nBSIs. Therefore, the implementation of appropriate empirical therapy is crucial to improve the clinical outcome of nBSIs.展开更多
文摘As the novel coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)and its variants continue to rage into the second year of a global pandemic,many success stories of applying Chinese herbal medicine(CHM)to treat COVID-19 patients continue to emerge from China and other part of the world.Herewith,from a systems medicine perspective,the authors analyze those experiences and categorize them into four major treatment principles:(1)focusing on eliminating toxins in the early stage of the disease,(2)tonifying deficiency of the body throughout the entire disease course,(3)treating the affected lung and intestine simultaneously based on visceral interactions,(4)cooling blood and removing blood stasis at the later stage,as well as interpret the rationale of these principles.This is helpful not only in reducing the complexity of promoting the CHM applications to enhance anti-COVID-19 efficacy,but also in ramping out the process of integrating traditional Chinese medicine with modern medical practices.
文摘In meridian theory of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), the geometrical descriptions can be traced back to the remote ancient times in China, mainly in The Yellow Emperor’s Internal Classic (The Internal Classic in short). Euclid’s geometry, topology and other classic mathematics are all at their wit’s end to explain the high complexity and non clinear phenomenon of the meridian. In recent over 2000 years, the meridian phenomenon has been being the challenge to fundamental mathematics. Fractral geometry, founded by Mandelbrot (1975), is a branch of learning for investigating irregular geometrical curves. It has successfully solved some qualitative and quantitative problems about the topographical structure of molecular Brown’s movement curve and other irregular complicated curves and geometrical characters. The characteristics of geometrical topographical structure of meridian and its phenomenon belong to the research category of Fractal Geometry. The author of this paper believes that Fractal Geometry may provide a useful mathematical tool and a possible way for revealing the enigma of acup moxibustion meridian theory. The human body is of basic characters of Fractal Geometry in structure, while meridian is the expression form of Fractal structure of the human body. The basic Fractal geometrical characters of meridian are: self similarity, self affinity, symmetry, minute structure and self avoidance, which has been applied for thousands of years in clinic, such as “taking the acupoints on the right side of the body in cases of disorders appearing on the left side and vice versa". The basic characters of meridians are 1) symmetry of the 12 regular meridians on the bilateral sides of the body (symmetry); 2) similarity in characters and actions of acupoints of the same one meridian (self similarity); 3) taking acupoints on the lower part of the body when disorders occurring on the upper part of the body; and taking acupoints on the upper part of the body if disorders appearing on the lower part (self affinity); 4) micro acupuncture system including hand acupuncture, foot acupuncture, scalp acupuncture, auricular acupuncture and eye acupuncture (minute structure); and 5) systematical running of needling sensation (self avoidance).
基金supported by the Projects of Zhejiang Province Non-profit Technology Research(No.2013C33180),China
文摘In many traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） hospitals, most patients are elderly with chronic diseases. Nosocomial bloodstream infections （nBSIs） are an important cause of morbidity and mortality. A retrospective sur- veillance study was performed to examine the epidemiology and microbiology of nBSIs in a TCM hospital from 2009 to 2011. A total of 482 patients with nBSIs were included in the study period. The incidence rate was 5.7/1000 admissions Escherichia coli （25.5%） was the most common Gram-negative and coagulase-negative staphylococcus （CONS） （14.1%） was the most common Gram-positive organism isolated. One-third of the E. coli and Klebsie/la pneumoniae isolated from the nBSIs were the third-generation cephalosporin-resistant. Half of the Acinetobacter species isolates were resistant to imipenem. Of all the CoNS isolates, 90.7% were resistant to methicillin. Carbapenems and glyco- peptide were the most frequently used for nBSI therapy. Only about one-third of patients （157/482） received appro- priate empirical therapy. Septic shock, hemodialysis, Pitt bacteremia score 〉4, urinary tract infection, and appropriate empirical therapy were most strongly associated with 28-d mortality. The incidence of nBSIs was low in the TCM hospital but the proportion of nBSIs due to antibiotic-resistant organisms was high. A high Pitt bacteremia score was one of the most important risk factors for mortality in nBSIs. Therefore, the implementation of appropriate empirical therapy is crucial to improve the clinical outcome of nBSIs.
