The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to yield high-value added fuels and chemicals provides a promising approach towards global carbon neutrality.Constant endeavors have been devoted to the exploratio...The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to yield high-value added fuels and chemicals provides a promising approach towards global carbon neutrality.Constant endeavors have been devoted to the exploration of high-efficiency catalyst with rapid reaction kinetics,low energy input,and high selectivity.In addition to the maximum metal atomic utilization and unique catalytic performance of single-atom catalyst(SAC),dual-atomic-site catalysts(DASCs)offer more sophisticated and tunable atomic structure through the modulations of another adjacent metal atom,which can bring new opportunities for CO_(2)RR as a deeper extension of SACs and have recently aroused surging interest.In this review,we highlight the recent advances on DASCs for enhancing CO_(2)RR.First,the classification,synthesis,and identification of DASCs are provided according to the geometric structure and electronic configuration of dual-atomic active sites.Then,the catalytic applications of DASCs in CO_(2)RR are categorized based on marriage-type,hetero-nuclear,and homo-nuclear dual-atomic sites.Particularly,the structure-activity relationship of DASCs in CO_(2)RR is elaborately summarized through systematically analyzing the reaction pathways and the atom structures.Finally,the opportunities and challenges are proposed for inspiring the design of future DASCs with high structural accuracy and high CO_(2)RR activity and selectivity.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To investigate anti-endotoxin action of four OAs reacted with endotoxin by the LAL assay with KTA.METHODS:Using a incubating kinetic tube reader and kinetic turbidimetric assay(KTA),the concentration-respons...OBJECTIVE:To investigate anti-endotoxin action of four OAs reacted with endotoxin by the LAL assay with KTA.METHODS:Using a incubating kinetic tube reader and kinetic turbidimetric assay(KTA),the concentration-response time curve of endotoxin reacted with limulus amebocyte lysate(LAL) at 37℃ were obtained and the action of four organic acids(OAs) on it were investigated.The four OAs were benzoic acid,salicylic acid,syringic acid and 2-amino-benzoic acid from Radix isatidis.Meanwhile,the temperature variation caused by endotoxin with the four OAs was studied by the rabbit pyrogen test(RPT).RESULTS:It was showed that a low concentration(1 mg/mL) of the four OAs had a little effect of anti-endotoxin,and when the concentrations of the four OAs were 30 mg/mL,the endotoxin was neutralized completely.The relationships between the concentrations of endotoxin and the OAs were all linear with correlation coefficients of greater than 0.9995,indicating that the four OAs all had strong anti-endotoxin action,while syringic acid had the strongest action among the four OAs with IC50 of 12.84 mg/mL.CONCLUSION:The investigations of KTA agreed well with the results obtained by means of RPT.展开更多
Between 1949 and 1954,Sino-Burmese relations changed for the better.The U Nu government’s fear and suspicion of the People’s Republic of China meant that it planned to recognize China almost from the start.It was on...Between 1949 and 1954,Sino-Burmese relations changed for the better.The U Nu government’s fear and suspicion of the People’s Republic of China meant that it planned to recognize China almost from the start.It was only after confirming the diplomatic position of other Commonwealth countries that Burma made a move,however,becoming the first non-Communist country to recognize the PRC.Not long after,relations between the two countries began to cool,partly because of geopolitical factors but mostly due to the fact that China’s revolutionary diplomacy was incommensurate with Burma’s pro-British,pro-American tendencies.After the Korean War broke out,Burma rapidly enshrined“neutralism”as the guiding principle of its diplomacy,while China began to establish ties with countries in the“Intermediate Zone.”In 1953,the two countries had the opportunity to repair their relations because of strains in the Burma-US relationship due to remnant Kuomintang forces,rising Chinese demand for Burmese rubber,and a drastic decline in the international market for Burmese rice.展开更多
The article examines history of diplomatic relations Poland and People's Republic of China, starting from official recognition of Chinese People's Republic of China on 7 October 1949, through worsening of cooperatio...The article examines history of diplomatic relations Poland and People's Republic of China, starting from official recognition of Chinese People's Republic of China on 7 October 1949, through worsening of cooperation between both countries in the sixties and isolation of China during Cultural Revolution in particular (1966-1976), till present day. The article discusses Polish-Chinese relations on many basis; political, economical( examples of mutual agreements and functioning polish-Chinese enterprises) , cultural, educational and social. What the article does emphasize, is the growing importance of China on international arena and necessity for Poland to become more engaged in relations with this country.展开更多
基金supported by Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (ZR2019BB025)the Project of “20 items of University” of Jinan (2018GXRC031)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (22071172)
文摘The electrochemical CO_(2)reduction reaction(CO_(2)RR)to yield high-value added fuels and chemicals provides a promising approach towards global carbon neutrality.Constant endeavors have been devoted to the exploration of high-efficiency catalyst with rapid reaction kinetics,low energy input,and high selectivity.In addition to the maximum metal atomic utilization and unique catalytic performance of single-atom catalyst(SAC),dual-atomic-site catalysts(DASCs)offer more sophisticated and tunable atomic structure through the modulations of another adjacent metal atom,which can bring new opportunities for CO_(2)RR as a deeper extension of SACs and have recently aroused surging interest.In this review,we highlight the recent advances on DASCs for enhancing CO_(2)RR.First,the classification,synthesis,and identification of DASCs are provided according to the geometric structure and electronic configuration of dual-atomic active sites.Then,the catalytic applications of DASCs in CO_(2)RR are categorized based on marriage-type,hetero-nuclear,and homo-nuclear dual-atomic sites.Particularly,the structure-activity relationship of DASCs in CO_(2)RR is elaborately summarized through systematically analyzing the reaction pathways and the atom structures.Finally,the opportunities and challenges are proposed for inspiring the design of future DASCs with high structural accuracy and high CO_(2)RR activity and selectivity.
基金support of Nova of Beijing science and Technology (No. 2010B108)National Natural Science Fond (No. 30701091)
文摘OBJECTIVE:To investigate anti-endotoxin action of four OAs reacted with endotoxin by the LAL assay with KTA.METHODS:Using a incubating kinetic tube reader and kinetic turbidimetric assay(KTA),the concentration-response time curve of endotoxin reacted with limulus amebocyte lysate(LAL) at 37℃ were obtained and the action of four organic acids(OAs) on it were investigated.The four OAs were benzoic acid,salicylic acid,syringic acid and 2-amino-benzoic acid from Radix isatidis.Meanwhile,the temperature variation caused by endotoxin with the four OAs was studied by the rabbit pyrogen test(RPT).RESULTS:It was showed that a low concentration(1 mg/mL) of the four OAs had a little effect of anti-endotoxin,and when the concentrations of the four OAs were 30 mg/mL,the endotoxin was neutralized completely.The relationships between the concentrations of endotoxin and the OAs were all linear with correlation coefficients of greater than 0.9995,indicating that the four OAs all had strong anti-endotoxin action,while syringic acid had the strongest action among the four OAs with IC50 of 12.84 mg/mL.CONCLUSION:The investigations of KTA agreed well with the results obtained by means of RPT.
基金the mid-term result of the 2017 Shanghai Pujiang Talent Program(Type C)“Burma’s Strategic Awareness of China and Sino-Burmese Relations(1949-1962)”(17PJC029)
文摘Between 1949 and 1954,Sino-Burmese relations changed for the better.The U Nu government’s fear and suspicion of the People’s Republic of China meant that it planned to recognize China almost from the start.It was only after confirming the diplomatic position of other Commonwealth countries that Burma made a move,however,becoming the first non-Communist country to recognize the PRC.Not long after,relations between the two countries began to cool,partly because of geopolitical factors but mostly due to the fact that China’s revolutionary diplomacy was incommensurate with Burma’s pro-British,pro-American tendencies.After the Korean War broke out,Burma rapidly enshrined“neutralism”as the guiding principle of its diplomacy,while China began to establish ties with countries in the“Intermediate Zone.”In 1953,the two countries had the opportunity to repair their relations because of strains in the Burma-US relationship due to remnant Kuomintang forces,rising Chinese demand for Burmese rubber,and a drastic decline in the international market for Burmese rice.
文摘The article examines history of diplomatic relations Poland and People's Republic of China, starting from official recognition of Chinese People's Republic of China on 7 October 1949, through worsening of cooperation between both countries in the sixties and isolation of China during Cultural Revolution in particular (1966-1976), till present day. The article discusses Polish-Chinese relations on many basis; political, economical( examples of mutual agreements and functioning polish-Chinese enterprises) , cultural, educational and social. What the article does emphasize, is the growing importance of China on international arena and necessity for Poland to become more engaged in relations with this country.