分级火焰中喷氨脱硝的试验研究与应用

常规选择性非催化还原技术(SNCR)是在850~1100℃的烟气中喷入氨基还原剂,实现降低NO_x的目的。另外,SNCR也可以拓展到低氧的条件下,实现较高温度下脱硝,即分级火焰中喷氨技术。本文通过实验室试验及工程改造对该技术还原NO_x的影响因素进行研究,结果表明:当SR≤0.85时,温度越高NO_x排放越低,当SR>0.85时,则结果相反;过量空气系数越低,喷氨脱硝效果越好,当SR>0.95时,随着喷氨量增加NO_x排放反而增加;最佳氨氮比随着过量空气系数减小而降低。在改造后的75 t/h锅炉上测试,最佳喷氨位置为炉膛四角,采用OFA可降低到390 mg/m^3,使用OFA与SNCR协同,NO_x排放为138 mg/m^3,在此基础上采用分级火焰中喷氨,NO_x排放可降低到84 mg/m^3,脱硝效率提高了15.46%,且无氨逃逸。

植物化学保护的喷雾技术

植物化学保护的喷雾技术植物化学保护喷雾技术，主要分常规喷雾、中容量喷雾、低容量喷雾和超低量喷雾技术四种。一、常规喷雾技术又称高容量喷雾技术，是目前国内各地长期使用的一种传统喷雾技术．这种喷雾技术的雾化质量、射程等功能与其工作压力，有着直接关系。由于操...

Salt-assisted Synthesis of Hollow Bi_2WO_6 Microspheres with Superior Photocatalytic Activity for NO Removal

Hollow Bi2WO6 microspheres are successfully synthesized by a facile ultrasonic spray pyrolysis（USP） method using NaCl as a salt template.The as-prepared hollow microspheres assembled as nanoplates with dimensions of approximately 41-148 nm and are dispersed with non-uniform pores on the template surface.By swapping the salt template with KC1 or Na2SO4,different morphologies of Bi2WO6 are obtained.The experimental results demonstrate that NaCl plays a key role on the formation of Bi2WO6 with hollow structures.The specific growth mechanism of hollow microspheres was studied in detail.The Bi2WO6 hollow microspheres exhibit an excellent photocatalytic efficiency for NO removal under solar light irradiation,which is 1.73 times higher than for the Bi2WO6 obtained in the absence of any salt template.This enhancement can be ascribed to the simultaneous improvement on the surface area and visible light-harvesting ability from the hollow structures.Electron spin resonance（ESR） results suggest that both radicals of ·OH and ·O2^- are involved in the photocatalytic process over the BWO-NaCl sample.The production of ·O2^- radicals offers better durability for NO removal.

CFD modelling and optimization of oxygen supply mode in KIVCET smelting process

The influence of oxygen supply mode on the KIVCET (a Russian acronym for flash?cyclone?oxygen?electric?smelting) process was investigated using numerical simulation. The mass rate ratio (MRR) of central oxygen to lateral oxygen of the central jet distributor (CJD) burner was defined to express the oxygen supply mode, and the KIVCET process with an MRR ranging from 0.09 to 0.39 was simulated. The results show that there are four efficient reaction regions that correspond to four CJD burners. A higher central oxygen flow improves the mixing between particles and oxygen, thus enhancing reactions and shortening the reaction regions. However, a higher dust rate is induced due to the spread of the particle columns. The optimal MRR for a KIVCET furnace with a smelting capacity of 50000 kg/h is suggested to be 0.31. In this case, the chemical reactions associated with the feed are completed with an acceptable dust rate.

Double-Differential Cross Section of ^5He Emission

The probability of 5He particle emission has been affirmed theoretically [J.S. Zhang, Science in China G47 (2004) 137]. In order to describe the 5He emission, the theoretical formula of the double-differential cross section of emitted 5He is to be established. Based on the pick-up mechanism, used for calculating the formula of d, t, 3He, α emissions, the theoretical formula of double-differential cross section of 5 He is obtained, which is expressed in the form of Legendre coefficients. In the case of low incident energies, the configuration [J.S. Zhang, Science in China G47 (2004)137; J.S. Zhang, Commun. Theor. Phys. (Beijing, China) 39 (2003) 83] is the dominant part in the reaction processes.The calculated result indicates that the forward peaked angular distribution of the composite particle emission is weaker than that of the emitted single nucleon due to pick-up nucleon from the Fermi sea. As an example, the reactions of n + 14N have been calculated, and the Legendre coefficients of d, t, 3He, α, 5He emissions are obtained respectively.The results show that the forward tendency is decided by the average momentum per nucleon in the emitted composite particles. The larger the average momentum is, the stronger the forward tendency is.

A Potential Flood Hazard Caused by Tianchi Volcano Eruption in Changbai Mountain, Northeast China

Geohazards appear to be increasing in frequency globally. It is of necessity to actively manage these natural hazards to minimize loss of life and property. From an early warning perspective, this paper stresses the potential fatal flood hazard represented by the huge volume of water in Tianchi Lake, the unique geography of Changbai Mountain, and the limited flood control ability in the upstream of the Songhua River. Northeast Asian countries should keep a watchful eye on the Changbai volcano cooperatively, and Chinese government especially needs to prepare plans for fighting a flood in advance.

Air China Signs Deal to Buy 23 Airbus Passenger Jets

Air China has signed a deal to buy 23 Airbus A320 passenger planes.

Successful Commercial Test of Novel Desulfurizing Agent at SINOPEC Shanghai Gaoqiao Branch Company

The novel JX-7 jet fuel desulfurizing agent has been successful tested in commercial scale on the jet fuel hydrotreating unit at the SINOPEC Gaoqiao Branch Company,while delivering a jet fuel with its silver strip corrosion indicator meeting the military jet fuel standard.

Toxicity Symptoms among Migrant Agropesticide Workers in Oman

The toxicity symptoms among 79migrant pesticide workers involved in open-field pesticide application in Oman were studied. Questionnaires addressing the workers＇ demographics, pesticide use and practices, use of protective devices, disposal of empty containers, storage of pesticides and self-reported poisoning symptoms were administered face-to-face to the workers before commencement of work, during break or at home. A total of 28 toxicity symptoms were reported, skin rash being the symptom reported by a majority of the workers （78%）, followed by increased salivation （68%）. The gravity of toxicity symptoms was attributed principally to the non-use of protective devices during pesticide spraying. Other factors contributing to poisoning were the workers＇ poor post-application sanitation habits, improper disposal of empty pesticide containers and storage of partially used pesticides in bedrooms. In order to reduce the incidents of poisoning among the agropesticide workers, there is a need to educate them about the benefits of using PPE （personal protective equipment） and ensuring that they adopt good hygiene and sanitation habits at all stages of pesticide handling.

Primary Results of Liquid Metal Free Surface Jet Research

The liquid metal free surface innovation concept have been considered as liquid metal devices of divertor/limiter and tile of first wall in fusion device because it can withstand over 50 MW·m^2 heating load, is easily renewed by circulation and many overcome neutron irradiation damage life time limit. There are three types of free surface in the innovation concept as film, curtain （jets or drops） and capillary. The free surface jet is played a more attention at present. But it is no so clear and only a few available data that their magneto-hydrodynamics （MHD） instabilities, interaction with plasma and exclusion of the particles （ions, Alpha particles and so on） from liquid metal, in despite of many liquid metal free surface facilities built and operated especially in US in last two years. Recently, some primary results are carried out at LMEL facility at Southwestern Institute of Physics.

Successful Application of Hydrocracking Technology Aimed at Prodigiously Boosting Jet Fuel Yield

Recently ＂the hydrocarcking technology aimed at prodigiously boosting jet fuel yield along with improvement of tail-oil quality＂developed by the SINOPEC Research Institute of Petroleum Processing（RIPP） has been successfully applied in commercial scale on the 2.0 Mt/a hydrocracking unit at the SINOPEC Yanshan Branch Company, resulting in implementation of triple functions, viz.： boosting the jet fuel yield, reducing the diesel fuel output and improving the tail-oil quality. This technique has brought about obvious economic and environmental benefts, which can provide a mate-rial basis to bridge the demand gap in jet fuel supply at the new Beijing Airport and will serve as a good ex-ample of SINOPEC’s efforts in the area of transforma-tion of production mode, structure adjustment, product quality upgrading and enhancement of economic ben-efts at the refning enterprise.

中厚板冷后表面残余水消除的研究及应用

针对中厚板轧后ACC(加速冷却)过程中现有侧喷吹水系统难以彻底清除钢板表面残余水的现象,通过增加中喷系统,改进了现有的残余水吹扫系统,保证了钢板冷却均匀性,各项水冷指标得到明显提高,成功解决了由于钢板表面残余水而引起的板形瓢曲问题。

Development of Solid Oxide Fuel Cell Technology at the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research

This paper shows the development of solid oxide fuel cell （SOFC） technology at the Institute of Nuclear Energy Research. In the development, fabrication processes for planar anode-supported-cell （ASC） by conventional methods and metal-supported-cell （MSC） by atmospheric plasma spraying are well established. Procedures and techniques for stacking and cell/stack performance tests are continuously improved to enhance the quality and reliability. Innovative nano-structured catalysts, in which reduced Pt and CeOz particles dispersed onto the A120~ carriers can effectively prevent the migration and coalescence of the metal crystallites, are thermal stable and possess a conversion ratio higher than 95% for reforming of natural gas. A non-premixed after-burner/reformer is designed and fabricated, and it has passed the prerequisite functional tests. Layouts including stacks, components of BOP, power conditioning and control as well as gases and water supply, are designated for a 1-kW SOFC power system. In compliance with system requirements, operating modes, data acquisition, power conditioning, instrumentations, and control logics have been identified and settled. After successive system validation tests, two modules of 18-cell stacks are allocated into the SOFC system. Test results indicate a thermal self-sustaining system on natural gas is achieved with a power output of around 760 watts.

Relationships between altitudinal gradient and plant carbon isotope composition of grassland communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China

Foliar and root carbon isotope composition(δ13C) of grassland communities on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,China,was obtained by the biomass weighting method and direct measurement.We investigated the characteristics and altitudinal patterns of foliar and root δ13C and determined which environmental factors influenced foliar δ13 C most.Foliar δ13 C of alpine steppe was significantly higher than that of alpine meadow and temperate steppe.For alpine meadow,root δ13C was significantly higher than of foliar δ13C.Foliar δ13C increased with altitude at an average rate of 0.60‰ km 1 for the whole grassland ecosystem.This rate was lower than that at species level.However,there were no significant relationships between root δ13C and altitude.Atmospheric pressure was a more important factor than temperature and precipitation in its influence on the altitudinal pattern of foliar δ13C at the community level.

Primary dolostone formation related to mantle-originated exhalative hydrothermal activities,Permian Yuejingou section,Santanghu area, Xinjiang,NW China

The Permian Lucaogou Formation is an important hydrocarbon source rock in the Junggar, Turpan, and Santanghu basins in Xinjiang, NW China. For the first time, dolostones associated with mantle-originated exhalative hydrothermal fluid flows are discovered in Yuejingou section in the Santanghu Basin area. They include dolomicrite, doloarenite, and a small amount of dolorudite, and are finely (0.05-0.15 cm thick) interlaminated with lime micrite and dolomicritic analcime laminites. Alkali feldspar and analcime grains are common in doloarenite and are interpreted as having been derived from analcime phonolites and peralkaline magmatic rocks. These magmatic fragments were brought up from subsurface by hydrothermal fluid flow and had experienced exhalative brecciation, transport, and deposition on the lake floor. The matrix consists dominantly of dolomite and ankerite smaller than 0.01 mm. The dolostones can be subdivided into four types on the basis of mineral composition and content. The detrital analcime and alkaline feldspar grains and tuff lithics are interpreted as intraclasts, which were deposited in an under-filled starved lake basin. The δ18OPDB values of dolostones are -5‰ to -21.1‰, and -11.9‰ on average; the 87Sr/86Sr ratios of dolostones are 0.70457 to 0.706194, and 0.705005 on average. These values, in combination with evidence of multi-episodes of peralkaline extrusion, suggest a mantle origin of the hydrothermal fluids, which may have promoted primary dolomite formation. The fluid from the upper mantle caused serpentinization of ultramafic rocks that intruded into the lower crust to obtain Mg2+ and Fe2+, and injected the ions into the lake water as the Mg and Fe sources for dolomite and ankerite. Hydro- thermal fluids associated with peralkaline magmatic rocks also provided Ca2+, Mg2+, Fe2+, and CO32-. Explosive breccias formed and dolostones were convoluted near the vent of hydrothermal fluid exhalation, whereas laminated dolostones formed farther away from the vent. The dolostones are primary dolomite deposition in an intracontinental rift basin and associated with mantle-originated hydrothermal fluids. They provide an insight into the origin of dolomite formation in the geologic history and clues to understand the sedimentary environments and tectonic conditions in northern Xinjiang during the late Paleozoic.