张艺谋的“中国”想象

张艺谋的“中国”想象(包括“民俗”、“女性”、“功夫”想象)以极端视觉化和唯美化的方式,通过中国／西方、看／被看的二元结构,完成了从中国化-国际化-市场化的进程。同时,张艺谋的“中国”想象也传达出他自身(也是中国电影)的两难处境与困惑。

赫德爵士与中国音乐的西传

赫德是近代中西关系史上一个举足轻重的人物,关于他的研究文字不计其数,但提及他与音乐关系的文字却寥寥无几。世人大多知道赫德是影响中国近代历史发展的核心人物,却很少有人知道他曾为中国音乐的西传做出过贡献。无疑,对这一课题的探讨,有助于拓展中外音乐交流史的研究视野。

The Form and Comparison of Value between China and Western Countries

Value is a criterion which can help people to distinguish good and bad, beauty and ugliness, fight and wrong and true and false. Value varies from different counties, which is the main cause of the conflict and misunderstanding in communication between China and western countries. It is first introduced in this paper about how these differences are formed and then explain them in several ways. It is of great significance to know and learn the cultural differences in cross-cultural communication.

Porosity Distribution Characteristics and Geological Analysis of Brine Storage Medium in the Qaidam Basin, Western China

Underground brine is an unusual water resource that contains abundant mineral resources. It is distributed widely in the Qaidam Basin, western China, a hyperarid inland basin located in the northern Tibetan Plateau. Pores in the brine storage medium act as storage space and transmission channels of underground brine. Therefore, the porosity of brine storage medium determines its ability to store brine. In this study, Mahai Salt Lake was used as the research area as a modern saline lake located in the north area of the Qaidam Basin. A total of 100 porosity samples were collected from eight sampling points in two profiles of the research area at sampling depths of 1.30–314.78 m. The porosity distribution characteristics and influencing factors in brine storage medium were analysed according to the measured porosity data. Based on analysis of the pore structure characteristics, the brine storage medium contains intercrystalline pores, unlike conventional freshwater storage mediums. Moreover, the primary salt rock is susceptible to dissolution by lighter brine, facilitating the formation of secondary porosity. Due to the formation of secondary pores, a porosity greater than 20% remains even at buried depths greater than 100 m. Based on the geological statistical analysis, due to the geographic location, salt formation time, and depositional environment, the porosity values of Mahai Salt Lake do not exhibit a wider distribution, but also show more extreme values than a nearby salt lake. Based on the porosity characteristics by depth, due to the presence of secondary pores, flooding, stratigraphic static pressure, and other factors, porosity shows fluctuations with increasing depth.

BONE MASS, RATES OF OSTEOPOROTIC FRACTURES, AND PREVENTION OF FRACTURES: ARE THERE DIFFERENCES BETWEEN CHINA AND WESTERN COUNTRIES?

Fractures are one of the most common causes of disability in older women. The quantity and density of bone decreases with age. Most types of fractures increase as bone density declines. But most of the knowledge about causes and prevention of fractures comes from studies performed in Western countries. Asian women appear to have similar or slightly lower bone density that may be a result of their smaller size. They appear to have a lower risk of hip fracture than Whites, which may be a result of their shorter hip axis. The risks of other types of fractures in Chinese women is less well defined and reasons for differences in the rates of osteoporotic fractures between China and Western countries remain to be explored. A study is underway in Beijing to describe the risks and potential causes of fractures among older women in urban China. Randomized trials in Western countries have demonstrated that calcium and vitamin D, estrogen, calcitonin,or bisphosphonates can reduce the rate of fractures. Increased intake of calcium and vitamin D may be the most effective approach to preventing fractures in China, but this should be tested in a randomized trial.

The"Belt and Road"Initiative:A Chinese Concept for Global Development

China＇s ＂Belt and Road＂ initiative is emerging as the Western-dominated world order is declining. Capitalism has intensified the rich-poor divide and power politics have led to great upheavals. Western values have caused a ＂value dislocation＂ for non-Western countries. The world is calling for new development concepts. The ＂Belt and Road＂ initiative has emerged as an answer. It embodies China＇s ideas on global development. First, it works for the ＂common prosperity＂ of every country, which will ease contradictions between the South and the North. Second, it emphasizes geo-economie integration that will heal the fragmentation of Eurasia. Third, it advocates linkages between people and inclusiveness to create a new kind of civilization. However, many difficulties and challenges lie ahead for the implementation of the ＂Belt and Road＂ initiative.

Variations of Laohugou Glacier No.12 in the western Qilian Mountains, China, from 1957 to 2015

Glaciers were solid reservoirs and important water resources in western China,but they were retreating significantly in context of global warming.Laohugou Glacier No.12 was the largest valley glacier in Qilian Mountains.In this study,realtime kinematic(RTK)data,topographic map and World View-2 satellite imagery were used to measure changes in terminus,extent and volume of Laohugou Glacier No.12.Results showed that Laohugou Glacier No.12 was shrinking significantly since 1957.From1960 to 2015,the terminus reduction of Laohugou Glacier No.12 was 402.96 m(3.99%)in total,and glacier length decreased to 9.7 km from 10.1 km.Reduction of glacier area and volume were the most obvious.From 1957 to 2015,glacier area and volume decreased by 1.54 km^2(7.03%)and 0.1816 km^3,respectively.Reduction trend of terminus and area was slowing in 1950-1980s,even stable for a period in the mid-1980s,and then accelerated.Ice core analysis result and nearly meteorological station data shown an increasing trend of temperature in 1957-2015,it was a main reason of continuous retreating of Laohugou Glacier No.12.

Possible Impact of the Summer North Atlantic Oscillation on Extreme Hot Events in China

This paper reveals that the summer North Atlantic Oscillation (SNAO) is closely related to the extreme hot event (EHE) variability in China during the period of 1979 2009, with a positive-phase (negative-phase) SNAO corresponding to less (more) EHEs in northern China. The summer circulation anomalies associated with the SNAO give further confirmation of the above relationship. In a positive-phase (negative-phase) SNAO year, there is an anomalous cyclone (anticyclone) over central East Asia, which can increase (decrease) the total cloud cover over this region. Such changes of the total cloud cover can then decrease (increase) the solar radiation reaching the surface, which is consequently unfavorable (favorable) to the formation of EHEs over northern China.

Study on pig growth hormone gene polymorphisms in western meat-type breeds and Chinese local breeds

Chinese Meishan and Jiangquhai pigs are two of the most prolific pigs in the world, but their growth rate is lower than that of Duroc, Landrace and Pietrain pigs. It is suggested that growth rate is regulated by growth hormone. The objective of the current study was to analyze the porcine growth hormone (p GH ) gene polymorphisms based on the polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism method (PCR RFLP) for three western meat type breeds (Duroc, Landrace and Pietrain) and two local Chinese pigs (Meishan and Jiangquhai). Five polymorphic restriction sites were detected with the Apa I, Msp I, Bsp I and Hha I restriction enzymes in two amplified fragments (605 bp, -119 to +486; 506 bp, +206 to +711). Breed difference was found only in the 506 bp fragment. There was no difference in allelic frequencies of Bsp I and Hha I restriction sites among the five breeds ( P >0.05). Landrace and Meishan pigs lacked allele G 3 of Msp I site. The allele G 3 frequency of restriction Msp I site of the 506 bp fragment in Pietrain pigs was higher than that in Duroc and Jianquhai pigs ( P <0.001). For Apa I site, the Meishan pigs lacked allele G1 ; no difference was found in allelic frequencies among Pietrain, Duroc, Landrace and Jiangquhai pigs ( P > 0.05 ). This new and rapid PCR RFLP typing method is an attractive tool for analysis of porcine growth hormone gene restriction sites. The differences in Msp I and Apa I restriction sites may explain the growth difference between the foreign meat type breeds above mentioned and local Chinese pigs.

Biomarkers for enhancing the radiosensitivity of nasopharyngeal carcinoma

Nasopharyngeal carcinoma(NPC) is a common head and neck malignancy. The incidence of NPC is higher in Southern China and Southeast Asia compared with Western countries. Given its high radiosensitivity, the standard treatment for NPC is radiotherapy. However, radioresistance remains a serious obstacle to successful treatment. Radioresistance can cause local recurrence and distant metastases in some patients after treatment by radiation. Thus, special emphasis has been given to the discovery of effective radiosensitizers. This review aims to discuss the biomarkers, classified according to the main mechanisms of radiosensitization, which can enhance the sensitivity of NPC cells to ionizing radiation.

A Method for Spatial Heterogeneity Evaluation on Landscape Pattern of Farmland Shelterbelt Networks:A Case Study in Midwest of Jilin Province,China

On the basis of landscape ecology, combining the Spot 5 high resolution satellite imagery with GIS, a method evaluating the spatial heterogeneity of shelterbelts distribution at landscape scale is put forward in this paper. The distance coefficients of reasonable and existing landscape indexes of farmland shelterbelt networks were com-puted, and then through the classification of the distance coefficients, and the establishment of evaluation rules, the spatial heterogeneity of farmland shelterbelts was evaluated. The method can improve the evaluating system of previ-ous studies on shelterbelts distribution, resolve the disadvantages of lacking spatiality of overall evaluation, and make the evaluation results have more directive significance for shelterbelt management. Based on this method, spatial het-erogeneity of shelterbelt networks was evaluated in the midwest of Jilin Province, China. The results show that the re-gions with fewer shelterbelts and no closed network account for 34.7% of the total area, but only 4.9% of the area has relative reasonable pattern of shelterbelt networks. Many problems exist in the distribution pattern of shelterbelts, therefore, much attention should be paid to construct farmland shelterbelts in the study area.

Contrastive study on Chinese and Western teaching methodologies

This paper is to reiterate the importance of culture acquisition in learning English by comparing such four language teaching methodologies as curriculum, teaching materials, teaching approaches and assessment between China and Western countries. Then it points out that EFL education reform in China, in the sense of culture teaching, has a long way to go. The paper finds that the real application for English teaching is how to practice the culture infusion in English teaching.

Confucian Thoughts in Ezra Pound＇s The Pisan Cantos

The Pisan Cantos （1948）, Ezra Pound＇s great epic, which reflects major social, cultural, and historical themes, is based on Western and Chinese cultures, especially Chinese Confucian thoughts. This paper attempts to provide an analysis of Confucian classics and Chinese characters/ideograms as cited in The Pisan Cantos, and to present the unique way in which Pound expresses his emotions and enriches his poetic art. Since, Chinese culture that emphases such concepts as ＂benevolence＂ and ＂sincerity＂ offers a more philosophical and poetical foundation to the cantos, it is understandable that The Pisan Cantos embodies Pound＇s ambition to reestablish the war-ruined Western world by Chinese Confucian thoughts, which he regards as an important foundation stone for establishing an idealistic regime

Recent Climate Trends on the Northern Slopes of the Tianshan Mountains, Xinjiang, China

In arid regions, mountains fulfill important ecological and economic functions for the surrounding lowlands. In the scenario of global warming, mountain ecosystems change rapidly, especially in the arid region of northwestern China. This paper provides an assessment of the changes in temperature and precipitation in the historical records of climate on the northern slopes of the eastern Tianshan Mountains. A Mann-Kendall nonparametric trend and Sen＇s tests are employed to analyze the interannual changes and innerannual variability in temperature and precipitatiofi in the regions of low to high altitude. The present study finds that the largest increases in annual temperature are observed at stations in the low altitude regions. The significant increasing trends in temperature tend to occur mainly in late winter and early spring at stations from middle to high altitude, but in summer and autumn at stations of low altitudes. The increasing trends in annual precipitation are found from the middle to high altitude areas, but decreasing trends are found in the low altitude areas. The significant increasing trends in precipitation occur mostly in winter and earlier spring at stations from the middle to high altitudes, while the increasing and decreasing trend coexists at stations of low altitude with most of the significant trend changes occurring in March, June and August.

Immanent Transcendence in Chinese and Western Process Thinking＊

The main classical schools of Chinese philosophy can be characterized as process thinking and their concepts are related to those of Whitehead＇s philosophy of organism. （Neo-）Confucianism, Daoism, and Chinese Buddhism all find their roots in the Yi ding with a strong emphasis on human experience of the flux of time. These Eastern and Western world views allow attempts to consciously experience experiential reality in terms of immanent transcendence. These attempts are discussed also by considering the functioning of the human brain, emphasizing the importance of brain asymmetry.

Weakening of Winter North Atlantic Oscillation Signal in Spring Precipitation over Southern China

In this study,the relationship between the North Atlantic Oscillation （NAO） in winter （DecemberFebruary） and the precipitation over southem China （SCP） in the following spring （March-May） was investigated.Results showed an interdecadal change,from strong to weak connection,in their connection.Before the early 1980s,they were highly correlated,with a strong （weak） winter NAO followed by an increased （decreased） spring SCP.However,after the early 1980s,their relationship was weakened significantly.This unstable relationship may be linked to the climatological change of East Asian jet.Before the early 1980s,the wave train along the Asian jet propagated the NAO signal eastward to East Asia and affected local upper-tropospheric atmospheric circulation.A strong NAO in winter led to an anomalous anticyclonic circulation at the south side of 30°N in East Asia in spring,resulting in an increase of SCP.In contrast,after the early 1980s,the wave train pattern along the Asian jet extended eastward due to strengthening of the climatological East Asian jet.Correspondingly,the NAO-related East Asian atmospheric circulations in the upper troposphere shifted eastward,thereby weakening the linkage between the spring SCP and the winter NAO.

The study of Industrial Economics＇ Development in the West and Construction in China

Industrial Economics is internationally recognized as an applied discipline of economics, is the result of the deepening and development of microeconomics, is one of the core curriculum of foreign economics, and is also one of the most active, exciting, and fruitful fields in economics in recent years. In 1996, China＇ s academic disciplines have been made an adjustment, ＂ industrial economics＂ become the first place of secondary discipline which under the first discipline ＂ Applied Economics ＂ in the category of＂ economics＂ , has achieved the initial connection with international conventions in the disciplines set. However, in the study, research methods, main content, or in the theoretical basis and the theoretical system, there is a big difference between the Western industrial economics and the domestic industrial economics.

Beauty of Western Abstract Painting and Chinese Cursive Calligraphy A Comparison

The Western Abstract Painting has a dynamic, constantly-changing, and non-entity beauty. It focuses on the visual process, artistic feelings, and beauty of form as its creative core. The Chinese Cursive Calligraphy （草书）, on the other hand, aims to create a vibrant beauty resulting from sweeping wrap-around and continuous changes. It also pays attention to the personality stretch, the lyrical and expressive, and the abstract beauty within images. In both arts, there is a rhythmic beauty running through the works, allowing the charm of lines to fully express the artist＇s creative thoughts and feelings, making them stand out impressively.

The Different Effects of Sea Surface Temperature and Aerosols on Climate in East Asia During Spring

In this study, we used the NCAR CAM3.0 model to study the climate effects of both decadal global Sea Surface Temperature(SST) changing and the increasing aerosol concentration in East Asia in boreal spring. In the decadal SST changing experiment, a prominent sea surface cyclone anomaly occurred west of the Northwest Pacific warming SST. The cyclone anomaly is conductive to anomalous rising motion and more rainfall over the Northwest Pacific and southeast coast areas of China, but less rainfall in central China. Caused by the only aerosol concentration increasing, the change of climate in East Asia is totally different from that induced by the regime shift of SST around 1976/77 with the same model. The sulfate and black carbon aerosol concentrations were doubled respectively and synchronously in East Asia(20?–50?N, 100?–150?E) to investigate the climate effects of these two major aerosol types in three experiments. The results show that, in all three aerosol concentration changing experiments, the rainfall during boreal spring increases in North China and decreases in central China. It's worth noting that in the DTWO experiment, the rainfall diminishes in central China while it increases in the north and southeast coast areas of China, which is similar to observations. From the vertical profile between 110?E and 120?E, it is found that sulfate and black carbon aerosols first change the temperature of lower troposphere owing to their direct radiative effect, and then induce secondary meridional circulation anomaly through the different dynamic mechanisms involved, and at last generate precipitation and surface temperature anomalous patterns mentioned above.

International Disorder and China's Strategic Thoughts

Since the 2008 international financial crisis, international political and economic disorder has become obvious. Major reasons are the decline of US-led Western developed economies' global influence; US and other Western countries inaction or ineffective actions; power diffusion allowing non-state actors to intervene; a global governance short of needed rules; and mainstream economic theory's overemphasis on market roles. International disorder is a long-term process posing a potential threat to China's national interests. The situation challenges China to create an international economic and trade order, thereby shaping itself as prophet of global free trade, shaper of international economic and trade rules, and trendsetter for globalization.