中国东北区域与俄罗斯远东地区经济合作分析

东北亚作为最具发展潜力的地区之一,虽然区域经济合作有了一定程度的发展,但仍明显落后于世界发展步伐。随着中俄关系的深入发展,俄罗斯和我国毗邻地区在地缘上形成了一种相互依存的合作态势,加强中国东北区域与俄罗斯远东地区经济合作成为双方关注热点。

日本至中国东北区域构造应力场分布与Benioff带的形态关系研究

收集2291个来源于NIED F-net宽频带地震台网中心M W≥3.0地震的震源机制解,采用MSATSI构造应力反演方法,得到反映应力相对大小的R值的量θ和3个主应力轴的方位角与倾伏角,同时反演出每个网格的极射赤平投影P、T轴。以3D应力反演为导向,采用矩阵网格分区的方法,以纬度、经度、深度为坐标,将发生在每一区域的震源机制解投射到相应的矩阵区中,并反演出每个矩阵网格点的应力场变化及分布情况。反演结果表明,与板块交接的浅部区域不仅受到太平洋板块的挤压俯冲,同时也受北美板块的斜插作用;东北区域的深震为Benioff带俯冲作用的结果。

中国东北区域的旅游形象体系研究

中国东北区域包括辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省和内蒙古自治区东部。通过整理、分析东北区域3省及内蒙古自治区东部5个地区旅游形象与省自治区整体旅游形象的关系,再结合地区旅游资源的基础与特色分析,该研究对中国东北区域3省与内蒙古东部地区的旅游形象体系进行分析。研究结果显示:虽然中国东北区域的辽宁省、吉林省、黑龙江省和内蒙古东五盟市的旅游形象体系初步形成,但还存在着定位不明确、对本地旅游特色概括不准确、对上级旅游形象支撑不足、对下级旅游形象概括不全等问题,需要继续完善、调整、优化。东北区域各地应重视旅游形象定位与研究,构建科学的旅游形象体系,促进地区旅游业蓬勃发展。

为21世纪中国对外开放大业的务实性谋划——《中国与东北亚区域经济合作战略对策》评价

书中论定 :中国已经从东部沿海到中西部内陆对外开放成一体 ,应当进一步实施市场经济区域化的联动战略 ;发达国家分割垄断了当今世界市场 ,中国 2 1世纪应当以东北亚区域经济合作为战略依托 ,在实现东北亚区域经济合作进程中应采取“一圈”、“一带”、“一区”、“一点”

评《中国与东北亚区域经济合作战略对策》的价值取向

经济全球化的到来和中国加入ＷＴＯ在即，新世纪如何更有效地融入世界经济大循环日益成为中国学界与政界同仁们关注的焦点。而对于中国如何推动东中西地区协调发展，有效实施西部大开发战略、如何进一步强化环渤海经济圈整体开发，创造第三大经济增长极、如何实现东北地区经济振兴，重塑“东北虎”形象以及如何发挥大连既有优势，创建国际名城等问题，在《中国与东北亚区域经济合作战略对策》中均可找到较为满意的答案。

朝鲜半岛的地缘政治意义及其对我国的影响研究

朝鲜半岛的所谓地缘政治意义只是在特定条件之下形成的相对的政治现象,它亦有形成、凸显、弱化、消失等不同状态。从历史的角度看,朝鲜半岛冲突状态下地缘政治意义的凸显给中国带来的是负面影响。以我国的东北亚区域战略目标为坐标,可得出简单的结论,即只有防止朝鲜半岛冲突状态下地缘政治意义的凸显,才能使朝鲜半岛凸显出地缘经济意义,此时朝鲜半岛的状态最符合我国的发展利益。

Spatial Autocorrelation Analysis on Regional Economic Disparity of Northeast Economic Region in China

Popular regional inequality indexes such as variation coefficient and Gini coefficient can only reveal overall inequality, and have limited ability in revealing spatial dependence or spatial agglomeration. Recently some methods of exploratory spatial data analysis such as spatial autocorrelation have provided effective tools to analyze spatial agglomeration and cluster, which can reveal the pattern of regional inequality. This article attempts to use spatial autocorrelation at county level to get refined spatial pattern of regional disparity in Chinese northeast economic region over 2000-2006 (2001 absent). The result indicates that the basic trend of regional economy is an increasing concentration of growth among counties in northeast economic region, and there are two geographical clusters of poorer counties including the counties in western Liaoning Province and adjacent counties in Inner Mongolia, poorer counties of Heihe, Qiqihar and Suihua in Heilongjiang Province. This article also reveals that we can use the methods of exploratory spatial data analysis as the supplementary analysis methods in regional economic analysis.

Revitalizing Old Industrial Base of Northeast China:Process, Policy and Challenge

Northeast China is the largest old industrial base of China that endured persistent influence of the past planned economy system. This region has lost its leading place since the reform and opening up, and became a backward region by contrast with the coastal areas. This paper elaborates the evolutionary process of the old industrial base of Northeast China, analyses the main reasons for the decline, gives a preliminary evaluation on the revitalizing polices in recent years, and points out major long-term challenges for future revitalization. It concludes that for Northeast China, a relative declining area: 1) it is indispensable to get the long-term policy support from the central government; 2) system reform and structure adjustment are the crucial strategies, particularly the reform of the large and medium state-owned enterprises; and devel-oping new industries is as important as upgrading traditional advantaged industries; 3) the local governments should play an indirect role, avoiding from any unnecessary intervention on economic activity; and 4) social security and investment climate must be improved simultaneously. In addition, the author stresses that the lack of knowledge on the nature of old industrial base had led to failures of the past initiatives, and revitalizing the old industrial base should be treated as a holis-tic regional project including economy growth, society progress and environment improvement.

Application of Land-use Change Model in Guiding Regional Planning:A Case Study in Hun-Taizi River Watershed,Northeast China

This paper firstly investigated the land-use and land-cover change （LUCC） in the Hun-Taizi River water- shed, Northeast China from 1988 to 2004 based on remotely sensed images and geographic information systems （GIS） technology. Then, using the famous land-use change model of Conversion of Land Use and its Effects at Small re- gional extent （CLUE-S）, this paper simulated the land use changes under historical trend （HT）, urban planning （UP） and ecological protection （EP） scenarios considering urban planning and ecological protection over the next 20 years. The simulated results under UP scenario in 2020 were compared with the planning map to assess the feasibility of us- ing land-use change model to guide regional planning. Results show that forest land, dry farmland, paddy, and shrub land were the main land-use categories. Paddy and dry farmland being converted to urban area and rural settlement characterized the land-use change from 1988 to 2004. The main land-use categories changed over time. Landscape-pattem fragmentation will be worse under HT and UP scenarios, but better in EP scenario. The comparing results of simulated map with planning map in 2020 show that land-use change model is powerful tool to guide regional planning. Land-use scenarios can support regional planning and policy-making through analyzing future consequences scientifically.

CHARACTERISTICS OF ZONAL ANOMALY OF ANNUAL PRECIPITATION IN THE NORTHEASTERN CHINA

The characteristics of zonal anomaly and change rule of temporal distribution of annual precipitation in the northeastern China are revealed in this paper with EOF (Empirical Orthogonal Function) and REOF (Rotated Empirical Orthogonal Function) methods and results are drawn in the standard relief maps with GIS technology for practical application. Data used in the study were obtained from 208 meteorological stations over the northeastern China from 1961 to 2001. EOF results show that the first 3 loading vectors could give entire spatial anomaly structure of annual precipitation. In the Northeast Plain including the Songneng Plain and the Liaohe Plain, there is a regional compatibility (whether wet or dry) of annual precipitation change and this precipitation pattern has occurred since the late 1980s to the present. There also exist annual precipitation patterns of wet (or dry) in south and dry (or wet) in north and wet (or dry) in east and dry (or wet) in west. REOF results display 8 principal precipitation anomaly areas by the first 8 rotated loading vectors: the west plain, the Liaodong hills, the Sanjiang Plain, the Liaoxi hills, the Changbai Mountains, the Hulun Buir Plateau, the southwest plateau and the Liaodong Peninsula.

Changes of Terrestrial Water Storage in River Basins of China Projected by RegCM4

In this study, a historic simulation covering the period from 1951 to 2000 and three projected scenario simulations covering 2001-2050 were conducted em- ploying the regional climate model RegCM4 to detect the changes of terrestrial water storage （TWS） in major river basins of China, using the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change （IPCC） Special Report on Emissions Scenarios （SRES）： A1B, A2, and B1. The historic simula- tion revealed that the variations of TWS, which are dominated by precipitation in the basins, rely highly on their climatic features. Compared with the historic simu- lation, the changes of TWS in the scenario simulations showed strong regional differences. However, for all sce- narios, TWS was found to increase most in Northeast China and surrounding mountains around the Tibetan Plateau, and decrease most in eastern regions of China. Unlike the low seasonal variations of TWS in arid areas, the TWS showed strong seasonal variations in eastern monsoon areas, with the maximum changes usually oc- curring in summer, when TWS increases most in a year. Among the three scenario simulations, TWS increased most in Songhua River Basin of B1 scenario, and de- creased most in Pearl River Basin of A2 scenario and Hal River Basin of A1B scenario, accompanied by different annual trends and seasonal variations.

Drought over China in the 21st Century: Results of RegCM3

Based on 150-year simulations of a regional climate model, RegCM3, under the Special Report on Emissions Scenarios (SRES) A1B scenario, the effective drought index (EDI) is used to project the future drought change in China. During the baseline period 1986-2005, RegCM3 was found to reliably simulate the spatial pattern of drought over the country. Over the 21st century, the regionally averaged EDI should increase, corresponding to a decrease of drought, while the probability of extreme drought events should increase. Geographically, drought should clearly increase in Northeast China, the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River valley, Southwest China, and southern Tibet but decrease in most parts of the rest of the country.

The Cold Vortex Circulation over Northeastern China and Regional Rainstorm Events

In this study,regional rainstorm events (RREs) in northeastern China associated with the activity of the Northeastern China Cold Vortex (NCCV) were investigated on a medium-range time scale.The RREs occurring in northeastern China could be categorized into three groups according to the distribution of heavy rainfall.The largest cluster is characterized by the rainstorm events that occur on the northwestern side of the Changbai Mountains along a southwest-northeast axis.These events occur most frequently during the post-meiyu period.The authors place particular emphasis on the RREs that belong to the largest cluster and are closely associated with the activity of the NCCV.These RREs were preconditioned by the transportation of substantial amounts of water vapor to which the anomalous western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) contributed.The attendant anomalous WPSH was primarily driven by the anomalous transient eddy feedback forcing the nearby East Asian jet.The development of the NCCV circulation was concurrent with the RREs and acted as their primary causative factor.A perspective based on low-frequency dynamics indicates that Rossby wave packets emanated from the blocking-type circulation over northeastern Asia led to the development of the NCCV activity.

Impact of climatic change on sea surface temperature variation in Subei coastal waters,East China

Sea surface temperature （SST） variation in the Subei coastal waters, East China, which is important for the ecological environment of the Yellow Sea where Enteromorphaprolifera blooms frequently, is affected by the East Asian winter monsoon （EAWM）, El Nifio-Southem Oscillation （ENSO）, and Pacific Decadal Oscillation （PDO）. In this study, correlations between climatic events and SST anomalies （SSTA） around the Subei （North Jiangsu Province, East China） Coast from 1981-2012 are analyzed, using empirical orthogonal function （EOF） and correlation analyses. First, a key region was determined by EOF analysis to represent the Subei coastal waters. Then, coherency analyses were performed on this key region. According to the correlation analysis, the EAWM index has a positive correlation with the spring and summer SSTA of the key region. Furthermore, the Nifio3.4 index is negatively correlated with the spring and summer SSTA of the key region 1 year ahead, and the PDO has significant negative coherency with spring SSTA and negative coherency with summer SSTA in the key region 1 year ahead. Overall, PDO exhibits the most significant impact on SSTA of the key region. In the key region, all these factors are correlated more significantly with SSTA in spring than in summer. This suggests that outbreaks ofEnteromorpha prolifera in the Yellow Sea are affected by global climatic changes, especially the PDO.

A New Critical Nitrogen Dilution Curve for Rice Nitrogen Status Diagnosis in Northeast China

In-season diagnosis of crop nitrogen(N) status is crucial for precision N management. Critical N(N_c) dilution curve and N nutrition index(NNI) have been proposed as effective methods to diagnose N status of different crops. The N_c dilution curves have been developed for indica rice in the tropical and temperate zones and japonica rice in the subtropical-temperate zone, but they have not been evaluated for short-season japonica rice in Northeast China. The objectives of this study were to evaluate the previously developed N_c dilution curves for rice in Northeast China and to develop a more suitable N_c dilution curve in this region. A total of17 N rate experiments were conducted in Sanjiang Plain, Heilongjiang Province in Northeast China from 2008 to 2013. The results indicated that none of the two previously developed N_c dilution curves was suitable to diagnose N status of the short-season japonica rice in Northeast China. A new N_c dilution curve was developed and can be described by the equation N_c = 27.7 W^(-0.34) if W ≥ 1 Mg dry matter(DM) ha^(-1) or N_c = 27.7 g kg^(-1) DM if W < 1 Mg DM ha^(-1), where W is the aboveground biomass. This new curve was lower than the previous curves. It was validated using a separate dataset, and it could discriminate non-N-limiting and N-limiting nutritional conditions. Additional studies are needed to further evaluate it for diagnosing N status of different rice cultivars in Northeast China and develop efficient non-destructive methods to estimate NNI for practical applications.