[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide theoretical basis for the large-scale breeding of Fenneropenaeus chinensis as well as the promotion of Chinese herbal medicine.[Method] The experiment was conducted to ...[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide theoretical basis for the large-scale breeding of Fenneropenaeus chinensis as well as the promotion of Chinese herbal medicine.[Method] The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of salinity（12‰,20‰ and 28‰）and dietary Chinese herbal medicine（CHM：0%,1%,2% and 4%）on survival and growth of juvenile F.chinensis with the average initial wet body weight of 0.027±0.005 g.The experiment lasted for 5 weeks.[Result] The survival rate,specific growth rate,food consumption and apparent digestibility coefficient was increased with CHM level increasing;when attained the critical value,the survival rate,specific growth rate,food consumption and apparent digestibility coefficient decreased with CHM level increasing.Food conversion ratio decreased with CHM level increasing,and then it increased after attained the critical value.At each CHM level,the survival rate,specific growth rate,food consumption and apparent digestibility coefficient were highest at salinity of 20‰,while food conversion ratio was lowest at salinity 20‰.[Conclusion] Salinity and CHM had a significant effect on growth of F.chinensis,which should be paid more attention in the breeding.展开更多
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM) in the treatmentofsubacutethyroiditis.METHODS: Randomized controlled trials found in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and three Chinese datab...OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM) in the treatmentofsubacutethyroiditis.METHODS: Randomized controlled trials found in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and three Chinese databases were selected. RevMan 5.2 software was used to analyze the data with relative risk or mean difference, expressed with 95% of confidence interval. The quality of trials was assessed and gradedthe quality of evidence with GRADE profiler software.RESULTS: Twenty one studies were included. CHM was superior to Western Medicine(include prednisone and NSAIDs) in abating fever, relieving thyroid pain, recovering blood sedimentation, improving thyroid function, and preventing hypothyroidism(P<0.05), while no statistical differences were found in eliminating goiter and reducing relapse rate.CHM plusWestern Medicine were superior toWestern Medicine in abating fever, relieving thyroid pain, eliminating goiter, and reducing relapse rate,while no statistical differences(P>0.05) were found in recovering blood sedimentation and improving thyroid function. The incidence of adverse reactions in treatment group was lower than that in control group(relative risk was 0.12 and 95% confidence interval was 0.03-0.51). The methodological quality of trials is generally poor with a high risk of bias.CONCLUSION: CHM(particularly CHM combined withWestern Medicine) used to treat subacute thyroiditis may improve clinical symptoms and signs,reduce relapse rate, and alleviate the side effects of hormones. Due to poor methodological quality of included trials, further more high-quality studies are warranted to confirm the effectiveness and safety of CHM.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： The increasing popularity and widespread use of traditional Chinese herbs as alterna- tive medicine have sparked an interest in understanding their biosafety, especially in decoctions that are consumed. Th...OBJECTIVE： The increasing popularity and widespread use of traditional Chinese herbs as alterna- tive medicine have sparked an interest in understanding their biosafety, especially in decoctions that are consumed. This study aimed to assess the level of microbial and heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed herbal medicine in Malay- sia and the effects of boiling on these contamination levels. METHODS： Four commonly consumed Chinese herbal medicine in Malaysia-＂Eight Treasure Herbal Tea＂, ＂Herbal Tea＂, Xiyangshen （Radix Panacis Quin- quefolii） and Dangshen （Radix Codonopsis） were evaluated in this study. Herbal medicines were pre- pared as boiled and non-boiled decoctions, and their microbial enumeration and heavy metal detection were conducted with plate assay and atom- ic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS： Findings revealed that herbal medicines generally had 6 Iogl0cfu/mL microbial cells and that boiling had significantly reduced microbial contaminants, where no Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. were recovered. Heavy metals such as Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe and Zn were also detect- ed from all the samples, generally in low concentra- tions （〈1 mg/L） except for Mn （18.545 mg/L）. All de- coctions （after boiling） have reduced concentra- tions of Cu, while others were not significantly dif- ferent. Comparisons between samples with single and multi-herbs suggest level of microbial and metal contamination is not influenced by number of herbs in sample. CONCLUSION： Herbal medicines generally have microbial and heavy metal contaminants. However, the boiling process to generate decoctions was able to successfully reduce the number of microbes and Cu, ensuring safety of herbal medicines for consumption.展开更多
The co-evolution of Orobanche spp.and their hosts within the same environment has resulted in a high degree of adaptation and effective parasitism whereby the host releases parasite germination stimulants,which are li...The co-evolution of Orobanche spp.and their hosts within the same environment has resulted in a high degree of adaptation and effective parasitism whereby the host releases parasite germination stimulants,which are likely to be unstable in the soil.Our objective was to investigate whether extracts from non-host plants,specifically,Chinese medicinal plants,could stimulate germination of Orobanche spp.Samples of 606 Chinese medicinal herb species were extracted with deionized water and methanol.The extracts were used to induce germination of three Orobanche species;Orobanche minor,Orobanche cumana,and Orobanche aegyptiaca.O.minor exhibited a wide range of germination responses to the various herbal extracts.O.cumana and O.aegyptiaca exhibited an intermediate germination response to the herbal extracts.O.minor,which has a narrow host spectrum,showed higher germination rates in response to different herbal extracts compared with those of O.cumana and O.aegyptiaca,which have a broader host spectrum.Methanolic extracts of many Chinese herbal species effectively stimulated seed germination among the Orobanche spp.,even though they were not the typical hosts.The effective herbs represent interesting examples of potential trap crops.Different countries can also screen extracts from indigenous herbaceous plants for their ability to induce germination of Orobanche spp.seeds.The use of such species as trap plants could diminish the global soil seed bank of Orobanche.展开更多
基金Supported by Key Project of National Science and Technology Supporting Plan during the Eleventh Five-year(2006BAD09A06)Opened Fund for Jiangsu Marine Resources Development Research Institute(JSIMR09A05)~~
文摘[Objective] The aim of this study was to provide theoretical basis for the large-scale breeding of Fenneropenaeus chinensis as well as the promotion of Chinese herbal medicine.[Method] The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of salinity（12‰,20‰ and 28‰）and dietary Chinese herbal medicine（CHM：0%,1%,2% and 4%）on survival and growth of juvenile F.chinensis with the average initial wet body weight of 0.027±0.005 g.The experiment lasted for 5 weeks.[Result] The survival rate,specific growth rate,food consumption and apparent digestibility coefficient was increased with CHM level increasing;when attained the critical value,the survival rate,specific growth rate,food consumption and apparent digestibility coefficient decreased with CHM level increasing.Food conversion ratio decreased with CHM level increasing,and then it increased after attained the critical value.At each CHM level,the survival rate,specific growth rate,food consumption and apparent digestibility coefficient were highest at salinity of 20‰,while food conversion ratio was lowest at salinity 20‰.[Conclusion] Salinity and CHM had a significant effect on growth of F.chinensis,which should be paid more attention in the breeding.
基金Supported by Effectiveness of External Therapy of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Subacute Thyroiditis:a Evaluation Research(sci-tech project,No.WZF2012-12)Research on Professor Wu Ruimin's Academic Thought on Treating Subacute Thyroiditis(research project,No.JJ2010-65)from Beijing Municipality of Traditional Chinese Medicine
文摘OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effectiveness and safety of Chinese herbal medicine(CHM) in the treatmentofsubacutethyroiditis.METHODS: Randomized controlled trials found in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and three Chinese databases were selected. RevMan 5.2 software was used to analyze the data with relative risk or mean difference, expressed with 95% of confidence interval. The quality of trials was assessed and gradedthe quality of evidence with GRADE profiler software.RESULTS: Twenty one studies were included. CHM was superior to Western Medicine(include prednisone and NSAIDs) in abating fever, relieving thyroid pain, recovering blood sedimentation, improving thyroid function, and preventing hypothyroidism(P<0.05), while no statistical differences were found in eliminating goiter and reducing relapse rate.CHM plusWestern Medicine were superior toWestern Medicine in abating fever, relieving thyroid pain, eliminating goiter, and reducing relapse rate,while no statistical differences(P>0.05) were found in recovering blood sedimentation and improving thyroid function. The incidence of adverse reactions in treatment group was lower than that in control group(relative risk was 0.12 and 95% confidence interval was 0.03-0.51). The methodological quality of trials is generally poor with a high risk of bias.CONCLUSION: CHM(particularly CHM combined withWestern Medicine) used to treat subacute thyroiditis may improve clinical symptoms and signs,reduce relapse rate, and alleviate the side effects of hormones. Due to poor methodological quality of included trials, further more high-quality studies are warranted to confirm the effectiveness and safety of CHM.
文摘OBJECTIVE： The increasing popularity and widespread use of traditional Chinese herbs as alterna- tive medicine have sparked an interest in understanding their biosafety, especially in decoctions that are consumed. This study aimed to assess the level of microbial and heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed herbal medicine in Malay- sia and the effects of boiling on these contamination levels. METHODS： Four commonly consumed Chinese herbal medicine in Malaysia-＂Eight Treasure Herbal Tea＂, ＂Herbal Tea＂, Xiyangshen （Radix Panacis Quin- quefolii） and Dangshen （Radix Codonopsis） were evaluated in this study. Herbal medicines were pre- pared as boiled and non-boiled decoctions, and their microbial enumeration and heavy metal detection were conducted with plate assay and atom- ic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS： Findings revealed that herbal medicines generally had 6 Iogl0cfu/mL microbial cells and that boiling had significantly reduced microbial contaminants, where no Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. were recovered. Heavy metals such as Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe and Zn were also detect- ed from all the samples, generally in low concentra- tions （〈1 mg/L） except for Mn （18.545 mg/L）. All de- coctions （after boiling） have reduced concentra- tions of Cu, while others were not significantly dif- ferent. Comparisons between samples with single and multi-herbs suggest level of microbial and metal contamination is not influenced by number of herbs in sample. CONCLUSION： Herbal medicines generally have microbial and heavy metal contaminants. However, the boiling process to generate decoctions was able to successfully reduce the number of microbes and Cu, ensuring safety of herbal medicines for consumption.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 30870403)State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau (Grant No. 10502-Z7-3)
文摘The co-evolution of Orobanche spp.and their hosts within the same environment has resulted in a high degree of adaptation and effective parasitism whereby the host releases parasite germination stimulants,which are likely to be unstable in the soil.Our objective was to investigate whether extracts from non-host plants,specifically,Chinese medicinal plants,could stimulate germination of Orobanche spp.Samples of 606 Chinese medicinal herb species were extracted with deionized water and methanol.The extracts were used to induce germination of three Orobanche species;Orobanche minor,Orobanche cumana,and Orobanche aegyptiaca.O.minor exhibited a wide range of germination responses to the various herbal extracts.O.cumana and O.aegyptiaca exhibited an intermediate germination response to the herbal extracts.O.minor,which has a narrow host spectrum,showed higher germination rates in response to different herbal extracts compared with those of O.cumana and O.aegyptiaca,which have a broader host spectrum.Methanolic extracts of many Chinese herbal species effectively stimulated seed germination among the Orobanche spp.,even though they were not the typical hosts.The effective herbs represent interesting examples of potential trap crops.Different countries can also screen extracts from indigenous herbaceous plants for their ability to induce germination of Orobanche spp.seeds.The use of such species as trap plants could diminish the global soil seed bank of Orobanche.
