对中国“特供品”现象的解读——以中国人关系的差序格局为视角

"特供品"问题越来越受到人们的关注,这类问题大致可以分为特供产品和特供商品两部分。部分人利用大众对"特供品"的追捧,向企业或其他机构非法授权特供品,这极大地损害了政府形象,并引发了民众对食品安全的担忧,不利于和谐社会的构建。因此,了解"特供品"现象发生的根本原因,为治理"特供品"现象提供建议成为研究者的当务之急。本文从中国人关系视角来分析当事人心理,用中国人关系的差序格局来解读"特供品"现象,并为治理"特供品"问题提出了建议。

Blood is not always thicker than water:The limited effect of kin selection on human kinship in the traditional Chinese family

To examine the importance of kin selection in shaping human societies, this study analyzed the kinship system practiced in traditional China for two millennia and teased apart its underlying genetic and other, presumably cultural, components. The results demonstrate that, in the traditional patrilineal Chinese family, both genetic relatedness and the cultural factor of generation were important in determining kinship status for male agnates （genetically related relatives）. For female agnates, however, only genetic relatedness was important. Another surprising finding was that the influence of gender was not as important as genetic relatedness. The most interesting finding in this study, however, was that kin selection and culture （i.e., seniority in generation and age） played vastly different roles in different lineages in the Chinese family： for collateral （indirect） agnates, genetic relatedness was the most important factor in determining their kinship status, but for lineal （direct） agnates, its importance was overridden by seniority in generation and age, a cultural factor. Several other bio-cultural factors also explained a considerable amount of variance in kinship status. Since kinship profoundly affected, and was often the foundation of, the legal and social systems in dynastic China, kin selection, while its strength may differ remarkably between lineal and collateral relatives, could act as a selective force in Chinese families

Energy Abundance and China's Economic Growth: 2000–2014

Based on the interprovincial panel data of 2000–2014, this paper carries out an empirical analysis on the relationship between energy abundance and economic growth to test the theoretical hypothesis of ‘resource curse' and explore its transmission mechanism for China and its three regions. The results show that, at the national level, positive correlation is present between energy abundance and economic growth, proving that the ‘resource curse' phenomenon does not exist in China as a whole. Moreover, material capital input, human capital input and the level of opening to the outside world could promote economic growth, while technology innovation input may hinder economic growth. As seen by region, a positive correlation also exists between the energy abundance and economic growth in the eastern and western regions, and there is no ‘resource curse' phenomenon either. In all three regions, the human capital input could promote economic growth. Material capital input could promote economic growth in the eastern but hinder economic growth in the western region; the level of opening to the outside world could promote economic growth in the eastern region. It is known through further survey and analysis on the transmission mechanism of resource curse that, at the national level, material capital input, human capital input, and the level of opening to the outside world present positive correlation with energy abundance, indicating that energy development becomes an important transmission factor by strengthening material capital input and human capital input and raising the level of opening to the outside world. However, technology innovation input presents negative correlation with energy development. As seen by region, both the material capital input and human capital input present positive correlation with energy development strength in the three regions. Similar as the eastern region, the level of opening to the outside world presents positive correlation with energy industry development in the middle and western regions; however, the energy development presents negative correlation with technology input level in the western region.

The Relationship Between Military Expenditure and Economic Growth in Four Asian Countries

In this study, we use the ARDL bounds testing procedure suggested by Pesaran （2001） and modified version of the Granger causality test proposed by Toda and Yamamoto （1995） to test the robustness of the causality effect between military expenditure and economic growth in 4 Asian countries, two industrial countries （South Korea and Malaysia）, and others are developing countries （Iran and Saudi Arabia）, from 1988 to 2006 years, data series obtained from word development indicator （WDI）. With respect to that military expenditure can affect economic growth so increase in GDP can increase or decrease military expenditure, too. We investigate the causality relationship between military expenditure and economic growth because the purpose of military expenditures is to provide national security. The results show that Iran and Saudi Arabia don＇t have any causality relationship between military expenditure and economic growth. The results of South Korea show a unidirectional relationship from LGDP （Logarithm of real GDP） and LGDPK （logarithm of real GDP per capita） to military expenditure, and in Malaysia there is unidirectional relationship from LGDPK to military expenditure. The comparison of these results, we can say that developing countries don＇t have meaningful relationship between military expenditure and economic growth, but we can find unidirectional or bidirectional relationship between military expenditure and economic growth in industrial countries.

Route and Rethink of China＇s Directly Applicable Law

Directly Applicable Law is an important achievement theory of private international law in the late nineteen fifties, widely used by states. The people＇ s Republic of China foreign civil legal relationship applicable law established the frame of our country＇ s Directly Applicable Law in the legislative level. In practice, there exists some shortcomings in the use of the rules and theory of Directly Applicable Law. In this paper, the author defines the rules from the micro level to order picture from macro level as the starting point, discussed the perfect approach of Directly Applicable Law from the dimension of the interpretation, system, evolution route ,and rethought our current legislative situation.

An Analysis on Proxemics Phenomenon Between China and America

International culture communication is a new discipline which arouses people＇s attention and becomes more and more popular among the researchers from different countries. A comparative study of proxemics phenomenon between China and America finds that those two countries have a great differences. American seems especially sensitive to their body spaces, and Chinese don＇t care much about it. In the book The Silence Language, Edward hall first uses the term proxemics, and he has given a detailed analysis of proxemics. Proxemics is the study of spatial distances between individuals in different cultures and situations. Cultural factors for proxemics has a great influence, and the factors such as gender and religion also has a profound significance on proximics. This thesis will mainly analyze this phenomenon in the way of the definition and theory ofproximics, especially, the ways how people deal with the international culture situation. In order to improve the readers cultural accomplishment and ability to communicate, prevent the errors in the protocol, this paper will further explain how to solve these cross-cultural problems in cross-cultural context, especially for Chinese learners. With some fresh insights into international culture communication research, hopefully the readers may benefit from this paper and communicate with foreign people in a better way.

构建和谐社会中的军政军民关系

构建和谐社会中的军政军民关系是一个历史性、世界性重大课题。在战争和军队消亡之前，军政军民关系“无时不在，无国不有。”离开了军政军民团结，不可能构建成名副其实的和谐社会。中国共产党领导的人民军队，在土地革命战争和抗日战争时期，开创了军民团结、众志成城的历史新篇；解放战争时期，中国军民“一切为了前线，一切为了胜利”，战时双拥工作全面发展；抗美援朝战争时期，中国人民志愿军树立了良好的拥政爱民国际形象；新中国成立后，全国军民致力于维护和实现国家安全与发展的根本利益，双拥工作不断创新和发展。新世纪新阶段加强军政军民团结，要实行经济与国防协调发展的方针，深入开展双拥活动，逐步完善政策法规。

The Strategic Implications of China-Nigeria Economic Relations

The paper argues that the rise of China may well be the most significant trend today redefining the geopolitics of Asia and the world beyond. However, economic, political, and security cooperation between China and Nigeria has grown exponentially in the last decades, presenting new opportunities and challenges for Nigeria and Africa as whole. Essentially, this significant development about China has been linked to its ＂opening-up policy,＂ which has taken effect since the 1980s. The contemporary waves of diplomatic relations between China and Nigeria appear to be mutually beneficial to a reasonable extent. China views Nigeria as a gateway to the West African region, which has become a key focus of China＇s trade and economic strategy in Africa. More interestingly, the past four decades have been a critical period for Chinese people to seek harmonious, scientific, and sustainable development at home and strengthen cooperation and embrace globalization with the outside world. Nigeria, like many other African countries, has gratitude in counting China as one of its friends in the global village. The year 2013 marks the 42na anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the People＇s Republic of China and the Federal Republic of Nigeria. These bilateral ties have witnessed sustained, rapid and unprecedented development. Based on the principles of equality and mutual benefit, respect and trust, especially under the framework of the Forum on China-Africa Cooperation known as FOCAC, China and Nigeria have enjoyed fruitful cooperation in economy, trade, investment, human resources development, and cultural exchanges and coordination in international affairs. This study looks into this great relationship and tries to outline the path that leads into the future.

60 Years of Relations of Poland and People＇s Republic of China： A Historical Survey

The article examines history of diplomatic relations Poland and People＇s Republic of China, starting from official recognition of Chinese People＇s Republic of China on 7 October 1949, through worsening of cooperation between both countries in the sixties and isolation of China during Cultural Revolution in particular （1966-1976）, till present day. The article discusses Polish-Chinese relations on many basis; political, economical（ examples of mutual agreements and functioning polish-Chinese enterprises） , cultural, educational and social. What the article does emphasize, is the growing importance of China on international arena and necessity for Poland to become more engaged in relations with this country.

At the Nexus of New Challenges： China＇s Leadership Change and Cross-Strait Relations

China＇s 2012 leadership change revealed signs of factional divide at the top level. The elitist/princeling faction has outnumbered the populist faction. Princelings have better and stronger ties with the military, which tends to have a more hawkish view regarding any potential Taiwan independence. In Taiwan, changing social experiences have created a new Taiwan Residents identity, which is dif- ferent from that of the Chinese. People in Taiwan are increasingly thinking of themselves as Taiwan Residents instead of Chinese. On the mainland, Chinese popular nationalism has been on the rise, as anti-Taiwan independence remains one of the most nationalistic issues. When the forces of new identity and nationalism meet each other, a diverging path regarding the future of Taiwan is being created. Moreover, China＇s economic and military power continues to rise, giving China more confidence. I argue that the overall effect is that China＇s new leadership will increasingly have the capability to act tougher against any potential Taiwan Residents independence. The potential need to act tougher with Taiwan may be beyond the desire and control of Chinese elites due to the rise of popular nationalism in China and the leadership＇s need to maintain internal legitimacy and survival.