“华”概念翻译——传统中国人特性的转述

“华”概念，总与“中国”和“中国人”交融在一起。身为一位海外华侨，笔者对此有着特殊的认识和理解，故拟从历史与现实、理论与实践等相应角度，对此概念的英文翻译与表述，作一综合性的探讨。本文主要从“华”的文化内涵英译、华人“属性”与“德性”的表述以及对于具体“华人”的描绘等方面，以相关历史资料为基础，结合现代理论学说，并涉及个人的亲身实践，力图对这一具有丰厚历史文化涵义概念的翻译与转述，提供较为典型的实例分析与独到的学术见解。

Genetic characteristics and pathogenicity of human hepatitis E virus in Nanjing,China

AIM： To investigate the genetic characteristics and pathogenicity of hepatitis E virus （HEV） and assess the potential risk factors for sporadic hepatitis E.

Variation of Floods Characteristics and Their Responses to Climate and Human Activities in Poyang Lake, China

The Poyang Lake is one of the most frequently flooded areas in China. Understanding the changing characteristics of floods as well as the affecting factors is an important prerequisite of flood disaster prevention and mitigation. The present study identified the characteristics variations of historical floods in the Poyang Lake and their tendencies based on the Mann-Kendall(M-K) test, and also investigated the related affecting factors, both from climate and human activities. The results revealed that the highest flood stages, duration as well as hazard coefficient of floods showed a long-term increasing linear trend during the last 60 years with the M-K statistic of 1.49, 1.60 and 1.50, respectively. And, a slightly increasing linear trend in the timing of the highest stages indicated the floods occurred later and later during the last six decades. The rainfall during the flood season and subsequent discharges of the Changjiang(Yangtze) River and runoff from the Poyang Lake Basin were mainly responsible for the severe flood situation in the Poyang Lake in the 1990 s. In addition, the intensive human activities, including land reclamation and levee construction, also played a supplementary role in increasing severity of major floods. While, the fewer floods in the Poyang Lake after 2000 can be attributed to not only the less rainfall over the Poyang Lake Basin and low discharges of the Changjiang River during flood periods, but also the stronger influences of human activity which increased the floodwater storage of the Poyang Lake than before.

Progress on Research and Construction of Marine Ranching along the Coast of Shandong Province of China

As a new fishery mode of low-carbon economy, marine ranching has played an important role in promoting sustainable development of fishery and construction of ocean economic zone in China. Since the year of 2000, environment improvement, stock enhancement and mariculture development have been given very high degree of importance along the coast of Shandong Province of China. Studies and tests on artificial reefs and marine ranching, including effect investigation of artificial reefs set up in Jiaonan coastal areas in 1980s, hydrodynamic characteristics experiment of artificial reef, study on material and configuration of artificial reef models, algae transplantation and seaweed beds construction, stock enhancement and releasing etc., have been carried out in recent years. Furthermore, the Restoration Plan of Fishery Resources of Shandong Province has been implemented since the year of 2005, which greatly boosted the construction of artificial reefs and marine ranching along the coast of Shandong. By June of 2010, the total investment on the construction of artificial reefs and marine ranching is over $77 million USD. One hundred artificial reef districts, with total area about 33,350,000 m2 have been set up. The construction of marine ranching along the coast of Shandong Province has been in certain scale and the economic, social and ecological effects are obvious.

Humanistic cultural tradition background and research of similarities and differences between Chinese and Western music

Music is an integral part of culture, culture represents the spirit of a country, so from this point of the music, we can get a glimpse of the cultural characteristics of a country. Music, broadly speaking, I think it should be the extension of culture, is a crystalline form of the essence which the culture conceived. This article discusses the musical and cultural ties, the characteristics of Chinese and Western musical culture, contacts the cultural background of Chinese and Western music culture, making more in-depth understanding.

Characteristics and Development Modes of Standardization forChina's National High-Tech Zones:A Review

Indigenous innovation focused on the development of technical standards has become the core of China's innovation policy,since China released the "Outline of the National Program for Longand Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development (2006-2020)" in 2006.Meanwhile,standardization issues are greatly emphasized by high-tech zones which serve as the major carriers of national economic growth as well as innovation clusters in the context of fast-growing international standardization.By means of the effective guide of the government,the standardization of high-tech zones in China now presents a wide range of operating modes.Specifically,they can be divided predominantly into the government promotion mode,the alliance collaboration mode,the research-standard-industry linkage mode,and the talent training mode,in terms of the main body of work and influence factors.

Physical characteristics of Chinese Hakka

Using standard and internationally validated methods,86 anthropologic characteristics were determined in 650 male(305 from urban areas and 345 from rural areas) and 704 female(331 from urban areas,373 from rural areas) Chinese Hakka adults living in Guangdong and Jiangxi.The data were used to calculate 24 anthropologic indices,which were analyzed statistically.The physical characteristics of Hakka subjects were analyzed and compared with reference ethnic data.There were four main findings of this study.First,a small proportion of Hakka adults had an eye fold on the upper eyelid,but a large proportion had a mongoloid fold.The eye slits were narrow in most adults,had a medium nasal root height and straight bridges,and most of the external angles were prominent.The nasal base was upturned in most men.The distributions of the three types of nasal base in women were similar.The proportions of subjects with middle and high alae nasi heights were high and similar.Males with a maximum nostril diameter were mostly classified as transverse and oblique,while many women were classified as transverse and had relatively wide alae nasi.The round lobe type was the most common.Upper lip skin height was mostly classified as medium.Lips were classified as thin.The hair was black,eyes were brown,and the skin was yellowish.Second,the head length was long in male Hakka.The minimum frontal breadth,face breadth,lip height,and interocular breadth were similar to those of North-Asian populations.Meanwhile,head breadth,morphological facial height,nose breadth,mouth breadth,and nose height were similar to those of South-Asian populations.Head length was long in female Hakka.The minimum frontal breadth,face breadth,lip height,and interocular breadth were similar to those of North-Asian populations.Head breadth,nose breadth,and mouth breadth were similar to those of South-Asian populations.Third,the stature of male and female Hakka in urban and rural areas was classified as medium.The proportions of male and female Hakka classified as mesocephaly(length-breadth index of the head),hypsicephalic type,metriocephalic type(breadth-height index of the head) mesorrhiny,long trunk,subbrachyskelic type,broad shoulder breadth,and narrow distance between iliac crests were higher than those of other types.Finally,principal component analyses showed that the physical characteristics of Hakka were between those of South-Asian and North-Asian ethnic populations,but were generally closer to those of North-Asian populations in China.

Biomechanical researches on tissue engineering bone constructed by deproteinated bone

Objective： To study biomechanical changes of newly formed bones 24 weeks after repairing large defects of long bones of goats using heterogeneous deproteinated bone （DPB） prepared by modified methods as an engineering scaffold. Methods： According to a fully randomized design, 18 goats were evenly divided into three groups： normal bone control group （Group A）, autologous bone group （Group B） and experimental group （Group C）. Each goat in Groups B and C were subjected to the periosteum and bone defect at middle-lower part of the right tibia （20% of the whole tibia in length）, followed by autologous bone or DPB plus autolognus MSCs ＋ rhBMP2 implantation, respectively and semi- ring slot fixation; while goats in Group A did not perform osteotomy. At 24 weeks after surgery, biomechanical tests were carried out on the tibias. Results： At 24 weeks after surgery, the results of anticompression test on tibias in three groups were recorded by a functional recorder presented as linear pressure-deformation curve. The shapes of the curves and their change tendency were similar among three groups. The ultimate pressure values were 10.74 MPa±1.23 MPa, 10. 11 MPa±1.35 MPa and 10.22 MPa±1.32 MPa and fracture compression rates were 26.82%±0.87%, 27.17%±0.75% and 28.22%±1.12% in Groups A, B and C, respectively. Comparisons of anti-compression ultimate pressures and fracture compression rates among three groups demonstrated no significant difference （PAB=0.415, PBC=0.494）. Three-point antibend test on tibias was recorded as load-deformation curves, and the shapes of the curves and their change tendency were similar among three groups. The ultimate pressure values of the anti-bend test were 481.52 N±12.45 N, 478.34 N±14.68 N and 475.62 N±13.41 N and the fracture bend rates were 2.62 mm±0.12 mm, 2.61 mm±0.15 mm and 2.81 mm±0.13 mm in Groups A, B and C, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups （PAB=0.7, PBc=0.448）. The ultimate anti-torsion torque values were 6.55 N.mi-0.25 N.m, 6.34 N＇m^0.18 N＇m and 6.42 N＇m^0.21 N＇m and fracture torsion rates were 29.51°±1.64°, 28.88±1.46° and 28.81°±1.33° in Groups A, B and C, respectively. There was no significant difference between groups （PAB=0.123, PBc=0.346）. Conclusions： The biomechanical characteristics of newly formed bones from heterogeneous DPB for repairing large segmental long bone defect are comparable to those of normal bones and autologous bones. DPB has the potential for clinical usage as bone graft material.