白芍传统品种原植物遗传多样性及亲缘关系分析

为探讨白芍原植物各居群间的遗传多样性及亲缘关系,本实验应用RAPD技术,使用40条随机引物对10个白芍原植物居群的叶片总DNA进行PCR扩增。结果表明:白芍10个原植物居群间具有较丰富的遗传多样性,多态率达63.64%。由结合线L=0.7975可将10个居群划分为6组,原植物为芍药(PaeonialactifloraPall.)的6个居群中有4个居群集中在第3组,显示了种内遗传关系的相似性,其中川白芍(芍药)花色有变,同时雄蕊有部分瓣化的现象,与野生种(韩城芍药)有较远的遗传关系;山东荷泽居群雄蕊全部瓣化,种质可能来自于观赏芍药突变体,在遗传关系上与芍药的其他居群有一定的距离。原植物为毛果芍药〔P.lactifloravar.trichocarpa(Bunge)Stern〕的4个居群中,杭白芍粉红花居群和白花居群独立成一组,与形态分类的结果一致。芍药及其变种毛果芍药的遗传关系非常近,但是有交叉。因此形态分类和遗传关系应综合考虑,作为种下分类单位的确定也应慎重。

Evaluation of Antitumor,Immunomodulatory and Free Radical Scavenging Effects of A New Herbal Prescription Seaweed Complex Preparation

Seaweed Complex Preparation （SCP） is a clinical traditional Chinese medicine preparation which is composed of seven traditional Chinese herbs, and it has been used for treatment of lung cancer, liver cancer and digestive cancer. However, little infor- mation is available about the pharmacodynamic basis. The antitumor, immunomodulatory and free radical scavenging effects of SCP were evaluated in this study. Transplanted tumor in vivo method was used to determine the antitumor effect. The effects on spleno- cyte proliferation and phagocytosis of macrophages in tumor-bearing mice were measured by the MTT method and the phagocytizing cock red blood cell （CRBC） method respectively. The scavenging activities of SCP on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals in vitro were investigated. It was found that the medium-dose and high-dose of SCP could significantly inhibit the growth of transplanted hepatic tumor of murine hepatocarcinoma cell line H22, and promote proliferation of splenocytes and phagocytosis of macrophages. SCP possessed noticeable scavenging activities on DPPH and hydroxyl radicals. The antiturnor effects of SCP might be achieved by im- proving immune system and scavenging free radicals, which is in accordance with the viewpoint of traditional Chinese medicine in promoting the body resistance and eliminating pathogenic factors for cancer treatment.

From the Perspective of Chinese Medicine Sales Analysis on Development Situation of Traditional Chinese Medicine Industry in Guangxi

After years of development, has emerged a group of outstanding enterprises in Guangxi, creating a high popularity and good reputation of the product. But from 2013 data can be seen in the study of traditional Chinese medicine industry of China, Guangxi traditional Chinese medicine products in the market space is still limited in the province, the market share of the market at a relatively low level in the country. This is from a macro-perspective analysis of the national sales on traditional Chinese medicine of Guangxi Chinese medicine industry development in present situation and makes problem-oriented industrial policy advice to counter.

Essential factors of Sui Zheng Shi Liang strategy in Type 2 diabetes treatment assessed by questionnaire

OBJECTIVE: Sui Zheng Shi Liang strategy (regulating prescription dosage with different syndromes) is an important part of syndrome differentiation and treatment in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). Questionnaires were given to doctors and patients to study the essential factors (indicators and timing) of Sui Zheng Shi Liang strategy in the treatment process of type 2 diabetes (T2DM). METHODS: Two questionnaires were designed for diabetes patients and their doctors. The questionnaires included the most important indicators for determining the patient's condition, the ability of TCM in treating T2DM, the length of time it takes for TCM to be effective, and when to adjust the prescription dosage.The frequency of answers was calculated, summarized, and analyzed after the survey. RESULTS: Twenty questionnaires from doctors and 90 questionnaires from patients were included in the analysis. Doctors and patients recognized thatTCM could decrease blood glucose, improve syndromes, and delay complications. Doctors were mainly concerned about glycosylated hemoglobin, while the patients were concerned about fasting plasma glucose for determining whether treatment was effective. Doctors also paid attention to changes in blood sugar and syndromes 2 weeks after medication was given as the indication to adjust the prescription dosage, while patients were concerned about these factors in 4 weeks.The prescription should be regulated when there are side effects or the medication is ineffective. CONCLUSION: The essential factor in the treatment process of T2DM in Sui Zheng Shi Liang strategy is that if fasting blood glucose level did not decrease after 4 weeks of treatment, the Chinese medicine prescription should be adjusted.

Microbial and heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed traditional Chinese herbal medicines

OBJECTIVE： The increasing popularity and widespread use of traditional Chinese herbs as alterna- tive medicine have sparked an interest in understanding their biosafety, especially in decoctions that are consumed. This study aimed to assess the level of microbial and heavy metal contamination in commonly consumed herbal medicine in Malay- sia and the effects of boiling on these contamination levels. METHODS： Four commonly consumed Chinese herbal medicine in Malaysia-＂Eight Treasure Herbal Tea＂, ＂Herbal Tea＂, Xiyangshen （Radix Panacis Quin- quefolii） and Dangshen （Radix Codonopsis） were evaluated in this study. Herbal medicines were pre- pared as boiled and non-boiled decoctions, and their microbial enumeration and heavy metal detection were conducted with plate assay and atom- ic absorption spectroscopy, respectively. RESULTS： Findings revealed that herbal medicines generally had 6 Iogl0cfu/mL microbial cells and that boiling had significantly reduced microbial contaminants, where no Bacillus spp., Staphylococcus spp. and Clostridium spp. were recovered. Heavy metals such as Mn, Cu, Cd, Pb, Fe and Zn were also detect- ed from all the samples, generally in low concentra- tions （〈1 mg/L） except for Mn （18.545 mg/L）. All de- coctions （after boiling） have reduced concentra- tions of Cu, while others were not significantly dif- ferent. Comparisons between samples with single and multi-herbs suggest level of microbial and metal contamination is not influenced by number of herbs in sample. CONCLUSION： Herbal medicines generally have microbial and heavy metal contaminants. However, the boiling process to generate decoctions was able to successfully reduce the number of microbes and Cu, ensuring safety of herbal medicines for consumption.

Application of Traditional Chinese Medicine injection in treatment of primary liver cancer:a review

OBJECTIVE:To investigate the application of Traditional Chinese Medicine Injections(TCMIs) for treatment of primary liver cancer(PLC).METHODS:A literature review was conducted using PubMed/Medline,Cochrane Library Controlled Clinical Trials Database,China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI),China Scientific Journal Database(CSJD) and China Biology Medicine(CBM).Online websites including journal websites and databases of ongoing trials,as well as some Traditional Chinese Medicine journals that are not indexed in the electronic databases were also searched.RESULTS:The literature review showed that TCMIs as adjunctive medication for the treatment of PLC could regulate patient immunity,reduce bone marrow suppression,relieve clinical symptoms,and improve quality of life,as well as control disease progression and prolong survival time.CONCLUSION:Within the limitations of this review,we conclude that application of TCMIs as adjunctive medication may provide benefits for patients with PLC.Further large,high-quality trials are warranted.

Herbal compatibility of Traditional Chinese Medical formulas for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome

OBJECTIVE:Because herbal compatibility is one of the most important reasons why Traditional Chinese Medcine(TCM) formulas are effective for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome(AIDS),our study aimed to determine the compatibility of herbs based on published AIDS clinical research in Chinese periodicals.To achieve this aim,we designed a new data-mining algorithm according to TCM data characteristics.METHODS:We found 25 clinical AIDS studies,all using Chinese herbs for treatment,in the Traditional Chinese Medicine Database System,and information on diagnosis and treatment was extracted.To find out herbal compatibility,especially the formulae for herbal combinations,we proposed an improved association rule algorithm based on the frequency of combinations.In this algorithm,all the compatibility relationships were displayed in a tree structure,by which the relationship between formulas and their derivation could be clearly inferred.RESULTS:Data analysis showed that approximately 100 herbs have been used for treating AIDS.Based on the whole herb compatibility tree,we calculated a basic formula for AIDS:Huang Qi combined with Ren Shen,Fu Ling,Bai Zhu,Bai Zhu,Dang Gui,and Bai Shao.This formula,deriving from most of clinical prescriptions,and was chosed by most of clinicians for AIDS treatment.From data mining we found that Qi replenishment and detoxification were the main treatment principles,which coincided with the AIDS pathological mechanism in which immune function is destroyed by human immunodeficiency virus(HIV).CONCLUSIONS:Our data-mining results suggest that the core TCM treatment of AIDS is replenishing Qi and detoxification,by which AIDS patients' immune system may be enhanced.Compatibility of Huang Qi with some frequently-used herbs have shown real efficacy in clinical practice,which warrants pharmacological research in the future.

Duration of viral shedding of Influenza A(H1N1) virus infection treated with oseltamivir and/or Traditional Chinese Medicine in China:A retrospective analysis

OBJECTIVE:H1N1 was a new and potentially serious infectious disease,in human,the severity of influenza can vary from mild to severe,thus to find an effective and safety way to control the influenza pandemic is of crucial importance.This retrospective study describes the duration of viral shedding in H1N1 patients that were hospitalized and treated in China.METHODS:Clinical data were collected from May to July,2009 in China for 963 patients with influenza A(H1N1) virus infection.Patients were treated based on the guidelines issued by the Chinese Ministry of Health.The primary outcome was duration of viral shedding and statistical comparisons were performed.RESULTS:In the patients with body temperature greater than 38.0℃,there were no differences in virus shedding duration among the patients taking oseltamivir within two days,patients undergoing Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM) therapy or those receiving no drug therapy.In patients with body temperature 338.1℃,TCM therapy reduced the viral shedding duration(P<0.05,vs.oseltamivir therapy).Furthermore,taking oseltamivir two days after onset of symptoms might prolong the virus shedding duration(P<0.05,vs.taking oseltamivir less than 2 days of onset).CONCLUSION:TCM therapy is effective for reducing the length of virus shedding in patients with body temperature 338.0℃.Oseltamivir used for reducing virus shedding duration should be taken within two days of onset.

A Systematic Review of RCTs and quasi-RCTs on Traditional Chinese Patent Medicines for Treatment of Chronic Hepatitis B

Traditional Chinese patent medicines (TCPMs) are widely used for treatment of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) in China. To estimate the overall effectiveness of TCPMs for CHB, we performed a systematic review of clinical reports designed as randomized controlled trials (RCTs). One hundred and thirty-eight available RCTs and quasi-RCTs on 62 TCPMs, involving 16,393 patients, were included. The methodological quality of these trials was generally "poor". Few trials (6.52%) reported the methods of randomization correctly. Another common problem was the lack of allocation concealment, proper blinding, and the reporting of lost cases and dropouts. Forty-two trials (30.43%) on 27 TCPMs reported some anti-viral effect of TCPMs. Others reported beneficial aspects, including improvements of liver function (79.71% of the studies), liver fibrosis (29.99%), and CHB symptoms (92.75%). Forty-one articles (29.71%) reported mild adverse events with TCPMs but these occurred infrequently. In summary, the outcome of the report on currently registered TCPMs may be biased due to poor methodology. The data from these trials, therefore, is too weak to use in forming a recommendation for treatment of CHB. Nevertheless, five drugs (Dan Shen agents, Da Huang Zhe Chong pill/capsule, Shuang Hu Qing Gan granule, Fu Zheng Hua Yu granule and Cao Xian Yi Gan capsule) appear to be more effective than the other TCPMs.