After China＇s entry into ＂ The World Structure,＂ the legal philosophy of China, in its redefinition of ＂China＂ and its survey of ＂China＇s issues,＂ must construct a ＂relational perspective. ＂ From this relati...After China＇s entry into ＂ The World Structure,＂ the legal philosophy of China, in its redefinition of ＂China＂ and its survey of ＂China＇s issues,＂ must construct a ＂relational perspective. ＂ From this relational perspective, ＂The World Structure＂ in an age of globalization presents a dualistic character, and closely related to this is the fact that ＂ The World Structure＂ forces double constraints upon the development of China. Under these double constraints, China＇s issues become ＂synchronic. ＂ This ＂World Structure,＂ with its double constraints, turns out to be the historic condition of the fundamentcd tasks of the legal philosophy of China and it calls for a redefinition of China by the legal philosophy of China via the construction of the ＂relational perspective＂ and the ＂synchronic perspective＂ and at the same time, a ＂Subjective China＂ is to be constructed, upon which China＇s ideal law picture can also be perfected.展开更多
In eighteenth-century Britain, knowledge about animals from around the world was rapidly increasing. This paper focuses on what the British knew and imagined about the animals of China from reading the works of Europe...In eighteenth-century Britain, knowledge about animals from around the world was rapidly increasing. This paper focuses on what the British knew and imagined about the animals of China from reading the works of European travellers and natural historians. Whereas the animals of Africa and America served to foster a growing sense of European mastery of less civilized parts of the world through trade and possession, those of China were understood as embedded in a highly advanced civilization and therefore as sources of knowledge about that civilization. This paper examines the way in which British understandings of China were mediated through accounts of Chinese animals and of human-animal relations in China. Looking at works of popular natural history and at Oliver Goldsmith＇s fictional letters of a ＂Chinese philosopher＂ in The Citizen of the World （1762）, I argue that the animals of China bore several messages about their country. Focusing on the particular examples of the golden pheasant, the horse, the cormorant, and the cat, I suggest that British writing about Chinese animals served as a way of expressing mixed feelings about the value of advanced civilizations, whether Chinese or European.展开更多
文摘After China＇s entry into ＂ The World Structure,＂ the legal philosophy of China, in its redefinition of ＂China＂ and its survey of ＂China＇s issues,＂ must construct a ＂relational perspective. ＂ From this relational perspective, ＂The World Structure＂ in an age of globalization presents a dualistic character, and closely related to this is the fact that ＂ The World Structure＂ forces double constraints upon the development of China. Under these double constraints, China＇s issues become ＂synchronic. ＂ This ＂World Structure,＂ with its double constraints, turns out to be the historic condition of the fundamentcd tasks of the legal philosophy of China and it calls for a redefinition of China by the legal philosophy of China via the construction of the ＂relational perspective＂ and the ＂synchronic perspective＂ and at the same time, a ＂Subjective China＂ is to be constructed, upon which China＇s ideal law picture can also be perfected.
文摘In eighteenth-century Britain, knowledge about animals from around the world was rapidly increasing. This paper focuses on what the British knew and imagined about the animals of China from reading the works of European travellers and natural historians. Whereas the animals of Africa and America served to foster a growing sense of European mastery of less civilized parts of the world through trade and possession, those of China were understood as embedded in a highly advanced civilization and therefore as sources of knowledge about that civilization. This paper examines the way in which British understandings of China were mediated through accounts of Chinese animals and of human-animal relations in China. Looking at works of popular natural history and at Oliver Goldsmith＇s fictional letters of a ＂Chinese philosopher＂ in The Citizen of the World （1762）, I argue that the animals of China bore several messages about their country. Focusing on the particular examples of the golden pheasant, the horse, the cormorant, and the cat, I suggest that British writing about Chinese animals served as a way of expressing mixed feelings about the value of advanced civilizations, whether Chinese or European.
