美国智库眼中的中国军改:评估视角与关注重点

[目的/意义]梳理分析美国智库对中国新一轮军改的认识和评价,洞悉美国方面的主要观点和可能的政策行动,并从借鉴的角度加强对军改的科学审视和精细化研究。[方法/过程]采用文献学分析方法和归纳法,结合当前国际战略形势和中美关系特点变化,从评估视角和关注重点两个方面,对美国智库的主要观点和研究成果进行总结和评述。[结果/结论]在推进改革强军战略中,要突出理论研究的“问题导向”,并在改革窗口期加强对外部压力的防范和戒备。

以安徽黄山市调研看中国新医改

2009年4月6日，《中共中央国务院关于深化医药卫生体制改革的意见》（以下简称《意见》）发布，拉开了中国新医改的序幕。根据《意见》，2009—2011年重点抓好五项改革：一是加快推进基本医疗保障制度建设，二是初步建立国家基本药物制度，三是健全基层医疗卫生服务体系，四是促进基本公共卫生服务逐步均等化，五是推进公立医院改革试点。

中国语文课改的教材建设和教学创新的评估设计概念:习作篇

踏入21世纪,中国语文课改在教材、教法等方面已有良好的发展,但在这个发展的势头下,"习作"应该与整个教学活动结合,习作的设计理念与数量等方面应与语文的学与教、习作的作用、师生对习作的应用度等方面相适应,使"习作"成为促进学习的工具。

新中国戏曲改造实践中妇女艺术形象的建构与传播

新中国戏改是中华人民共和国成立以后,党和政府在文艺领域进行的戏曲改造运动。戏曲改造以毛泽东《在延安文艺座谈会上的讲话》精神为纲,遵循“改戏、改人、改制”的基本方针,把社会主义新中国的革命文艺精神注入戏曲舞台。通过改编传统戏、新编历史剧、新编现代戏等方式,塑造和建构了一批优秀和经典的妇女艺术形象。这是新中国性别文化传播实践在戏曲艺术领域的有益探索和实践,为新时代社会主义妇女艺术形象建构和传播提供了可资借鉴和传承的宝贵经验。

中国发改委规范外资项目管理(英文)

China's National Development and Reform Commission(NDRC)on July 19 issued a circular to further standardise the management of foreign-invested projects in five aspects,in an effort to prevent the potential

提炼杭州经验、汇集地方经验、贡献中国经验的好形式——简评“2008中国城市生活品质点评活动”

以"让我们生活得更好"为核心主题的"2008中国城市生活品质点评活动",已经由新浪网独家权威发布。生活品质点评活动重要而深远的意义,在我看来,主要表现于它在提炼杭州经验、汇聚地方经验、贡献中国经验方面所起的特殊作用。本文就从社会学视角在这三方面做些简要的分析。

以“强军梦”打造“中国梦”

中国军改大刀阔斧，雷厉风行，强势推进，这场没有硝烟的战役正呈现出金戈铁马的磅礴气势，令全球瞩目。

China's Industrial Upgrade and Human Capital Improvement

Based on statistics, this paper reviews China＇s economic growth and industrial upgrade since the reform and opening up in 1978 and estimates the contribution of industrial restructuring to economic growth. With the years of schooling as the proxy variable of human capital, this paper describes changes in China＇s labor competence during the industrial restructuring process. Then, this paper estimates China＇s future human capital demand and shortage based on economic and demographic forecast. Lastly, this paper proposes recommendations for improving human capital in China with skills development and education.

Urban Hierarchy of Innovation Capability and Inter-city Linkages of Knowledge in Post-reform China

The 2000s has witnessed increasing interests in cities′role of innovation in the era of knowledge-based economy.Compared with substantial empirical analysis on the world city hierarchy of innovation,this paper attempts to examine the national urban hierarchy of innovation capability in China,in terms of ranking systems,spatial pattern and inter-city linkages of knowledge during the post-reform period since the late 1970s.Based on quantitative analysis such as principal component factor analysis and clustering analysis,this paper identifies the five-tier hierarchy of in-novation,which is headed by Beijing and Shanghai,followed by the capital cities of each province and regional centre cities.The development of China′s urban hierarchy of innovation capability has been driven by such factors as the scale of innovation,scientific scale,innovation potential and innovation environment.The paper further investigates the inter-city linkages of knowledge measured by the number of co-authored papers among the cities.Beijing is positioned in the central position of the knowledge diffusion and knowledge cooperation innovation.More knowledge diffusion among high level cities has occurred than that among the low level cities as well as between the low level cities and high level cities,and provincial capital cities and the regional central cities.

Farmer Income Differential in Regions

China＇s success in reform and opening up policy for twenty years is regarded as China＇s miracles in the world, whereas the income differential widening phenomenon has been the focus of the policymakers and researchers. This article researches 1994-2003 China＇s rural regions income differential and its decomposition. The method this paper used to measure the disparity is Gini Index. There are many ways to compute it, so the easiest way to decompose Gini Index-Matrix method is adopted. And based on it, farmer＇s income could be divided into wage income, fanning income, transfer income and property income according to its composition. The conclusion is that all of the indexes are between 0.2 and 0.3, at the comparatively average level. From the fluctuation trend, it increased from 1994 to 1995, while reduced from 1995 to 1996, fluctuated in 1997, and then diminished again. In general, farmer＇s regions income differential stays at comparatively average level, but it has the widening trend with time. Through decomposing Gini Index, wage income is the most important increasing factor, while fanning income is the reducing factor.

波动的汇率对企业的影响

随着中国汇改的推进,汇率波动越来越大,对于中国这些多年来并无需管理汇率风险的进出口企业来说,绝对算得上是一个挑战。但汇率波动不仅带来风险,也能给企业带来机遇。本文对一些特定企业分析,得出出口的本质类似美式看涨期权,并给出中国外贸企业的对策。

Seven-Decade Structural Transformation of China’s Industrial Economy

Over the past seven decades since the founding of the People's Republic of China in 1949,China's industrial structure has experienced transformations in various stages,which is consistent with the general pattern of industrialization and China's domestic and international situations.These changes also have to do with China's reforms in building the socialist market economic system.China's seven-decade industrial structural transformation offers valuable experiences:In promoting its industrial development,China has persistently carried out economic reforms,kept pace with changing factor and demand structures,invested in technology importation and innovation,leveraged global resources and markets,and formulated development policies in line with specific industrial development stages.Despite industrial structural problems,China has set the stage for innovation-driven development,further opening up,and balanced regional development.China's industrial structure will keep evolving amid its transition toward a competitive industrial nation.

China's Urbanization in 1949–2015: Processes and Driving Forces

The pace and scale of China＇s contemporary urbanization are stunning. This paper reviews process and the underlying driving forces of China＇s urbanization between 1949-2015. Contemporary China＇s urbanization has experienced four stages, and each has had different driving forces： 1） economic re-construction and industrialization-led urbanization 0949-1977）; 2） economic reform and mar- ket-led urbanization （1978-1995）; 3） economic globalization and the global-local urbanization （1996-2010）; and 4） the land-economy- led urbanization （2010-）. These urbanization processes and driving forces will undoubtedly provide scientific reference and have sig- nificant implications for developing countries, especially African countries, to formulate their urbanization public policies.

Urban Redevelopment, Gentrification and Gentrifiers in Post-reform Inland China: A Case Study of Chengdu, China

Since its process evolved in recent years, the definition of gentrification has expanded to cover different forms of social upgrading, new spaces and new actors around the world. Studies on gentrification in Chinese cities began to take off in the 2000 s. However, they all mainly focused on the newly emerging global cities and there has been a lack of investigation on provincial cities. Furthermore, discussions on gentrifiers′ profiles and their motivations for housing choice are absent from literature on Chinese gentrification. Therefore, this paper aims to assess the relevance of the broad definition of gentrification in provincial Chinese cities through empirical research on urban redevelopment projects in Chengdu, and to examine the characteristics of gentrifiers(as new incoming residents) in it. The results show the rationality of gentrification processes as urban redevelopment in Chengdu, and reveal original outcomes on the corresponding gentrifiers′ profiles and the motivations behind their housing choice, which are different from the general features of gentrifiers in standard Western gentrification research.

China＇s Real Estate Tax Reform： Past, Present and Future

Since 1978, China＇s reform of real estate tax has made great strides with important milestones marked by the resumption of real estate tax collection on Chinese- funded enterprises and Chinese nationals. In the llth Five-Year Plan period （2006-2010）, the state administration completed the unification of tax rates for domestic and foreign- funded companies. However, the reform of real estate tax still requires many modifications during the 12th Five-Year Plan period （2011-2015）. The new plan should strive to streamline the tax system, adjust the tax base and tax rates, and delegate taxing authority.

How Unique is ′China Model′: A Review of Theoretical Perspectives on China′s Urbanization in Anglophone Literature

As a major aspect of the ′China Model′, urbanization in China is being heatedly discussed in the Anglophone literature in the last two decades. By considering China′s urbanization as a ′testing ground′ of ′western′ theories, these studies are important for the understanding of China′s ongoing urban restructuring and exchanging knowledge with ′western′ insights. Based on a survey of existing studies, this paper identifies various endogenous and exogenous concepts and explanations of China′s urbanization. It is suggested that China′s urbanization is mainly driven by a combination of political decentralization and neoliberalization with various forms of social stratification and mobility. However, it is argued that the distinctness of the ′China Model′, which is usually used to support the legitimacy of studies of China′s urbanization, has led to many controversial arguments and diminished the due contributions of Chinese scholars in the knowledge production of China′s urbanization. To consolidate the legitimacy of studies on China′s urbanization and enhance the roles of Chinese scholars, we suggest future studies to pay more attentions to the fundamental theories with looser constraints and ′true questions′ on China′s urbanization.

A Modified Groundwater Module in SWAT for Improved Streamflow Simulation in a Large, Arid Endorheic River Watershed in Northwest China

Interactions between surface water and groundwater are dynamic and complex in large endorheic river watersheds in Northwest China due to the influence of both irrigation practices and the local terrain. These interactions interchange numerous times throughout the middle reaches, making streamflow simulation a challenge in endorheic river watersheds. In this study, we modified the linear-reservoir groundwater module in SWAT(Soil and Water Assessment Tools, a widely used hydrological model) with a new nonlinear relationship to better represent groundwater processes; we then applied the original SWAT and modified SWAT to the Heihe River Watershed, the second largest endorheic river watershed in Northwest China, to simulate streamflow. After calibrating both the original SWAT model and the modified SWAT model, we analyzed model performance during two periods: an irrigation period and a non-irrigation period. Our results show that the modified SWAT model with the nonlinear groundwater module performed significantly better during both the irrigation and non-irrigation periods. Moreover, after comparing different runoff components simulated by the two models, the results show that, after the implementation of the new nonlinear groundwater module in SWAT, proportions of runoff components changed-and the groundwater flow had significantly increased, dominating the discharge season. Therefore, SWAT coupled with the non-linear groundwater module represents the complex hydrological process in the study area more realistically. Moreover, the results for various runoff components simulated by the modified SWAT models can be used to describe the hydrological characteristics of lowland areas. This indicates that the modified SWAT model is applicable to simulate complex hydrological process of arid endorheic rivers.

Climate Change Impacts and Adaptation Strategies in Northwest China

Climate change resulted in changes in crop growth duration and planting structure, northward movement of planting region, and more severe plant diseases and insect pests in Northwest China. It caused earlier seeding for spring crop, later seeding for autumn crop, accelerated crop growth, and reduced mortality for winter crop. To adapt to climate change, measures such as optimization of agricultural arrangement, adjustment of planting structure, expansion of thermophilic crops, and development of water-saving grassland and livestock were enhanced. agriculture have been taken. Damaging The deterioration trend of grassland was consequences of imbalance between intensified; both grass quantity and quality declined. With overgrazing, proportions of inferior grass, weeds and poisonous weeds increased in plateau pastoral areas. Returning farmland to grazing, returning grazing to grassland, fence enclosure and artificial grassland construction have been implemented to restore the grassland vegetation, to increase the grassland coverage, to reasonably control the livestock carrying capacity, to prevent overgrazing, to keep balance between grassland and livestock, and to develop the ecological animal husbandry. In Northwest China, because the amount of regional water resources had an overall decreasing trend, there was a continuous expansion in the regional land desertification, and soil erosion was very serious. A series of measures, such as development of artificial precipitation （snow）, water resources control, regional water diversion, water storage project and so on, were used effectively to respond to water deficit. It had played a certain role in controlling soil erosion by natural forest protection and returning farmland to forest and grassland. In the early 21st century, noticeable achievements had been made in prevention and control of desertification in Northwest China. The regional ecological environment has been improved obviously, and the desertification trend has shown sign of under control.

浅析中国舞表演专业课程改革

本课题讨论分析了扬州文化艺术学校中国舞表演专业课程设置改革。学校以"立足本源,贴近市场,坚定不移走特色办学之路"为教学理念,探索性调整了部分课程的设置,如重视文化课学习、重视学生综合素质的提高;对部分课程的内容进行了创新,如将芭蕾舞基训与中国古典舞相结合;重视艺术实践课,通过校内外比赛等多种形式,提高了学生的专业水平。

Model and Characteristics of China's Service Sector Reform during 1978-2016

This paper intends to provide an in-depth and comprehensive analysis of China＇s service sector reform during 1978-2016 and characterize the model of the service sector reform. Due to unique national conditions and development journey, China＇s service sector reform was carried out in the context of China＇s overall reform and opening-up program based on non-industrial motivations with a pragmatic approach to improve both people＇s livelihood and efficiency and address practical problems facing China in various stages of its development, putting aside theoretical controversies. How to further improve the model of China＇s service sector reform that came into shape in such a unique historical context and advance service sector reform is an important yet arduous task.