The policy and principles on management of radioactive wastes are stipulated.Cement solidification and bituminization unit has come into trial run. Solid radioactive waste is stored in tentative storage vault built...The policy and principles on management of radioactive wastes are stipulated.Cement solidification and bituminization unit has come into trial run. Solid radioactive waste is stored in tentative storage vault built in each of nuclear faCilities. Seventeen storages associated with applications of nuclear technology and radioisotopes have been built for provinces. Disposal of low and intermediate level radioactive wastes pursues the policy of 'regional disposal'. Four repositories have been planned to be built in northwest, southwest, south and east China respectively. A program for treatment and disposal of high level radioactive waste has been made.展开更多
China HC-SB TBM is designed as 3×3 sub-modules which making its structure to become robust but much complex. HC-SB TBM box is mounted inside a 20 cm of frame for a 1/4 of 1TER test port with 66.4 cm in width, an...China HC-SB TBM is designed as 3×3 sub-modules which making its structure to become robust but much complex. HC-SB TBM box is mounted inside a 20 cm of frame for a 1/4 of 1TER test port with 66.4 cm in width, and 44.5 cm in height, and 67 cm in depth. There have two 2 cm of gaps on side faces. A frame thickness around TBM module is 20 cm. In module of HC-SB TBM, LiaSiO4 pebble bed is used as tritium breeder zone. The packing factor of LiaSiO4 pebble bed is 0.59. The concentration of Li6 is 80%. Be pebble bed is used as neutron multiplication zone. The packing factor for Be pebble bed is selected as 0.8. All structural materials are Eurofer in which are helium cooling channel with diameter 0.6 cm of circular cross section. All sub-modules have a common FW that is independently cooled. There are only 4 Li4SiO4 regions which is lower volume ratio compared to Be. It is an advantage because Be has a better heat conductivity than Li4SiO4.展开更多
Regional development is a course of accumulation based on many factors, which is directly related to resources utilization and conversion. And material wealth production and accumulation embody the outcome of regional...Regional development is a course of accumulation based on many factors, which is directly related to resources utilization and conversion. And material wealth production and accumulation embody the outcome of regional development. Thus, focusing on material wealth, regional development can be evaluated from resources and perspective of resources conversion. Taking the infrastructural level, transportation accessibility and economic development level into full account, the concept of "material-based development" was presented and the material-based development index (MDI) model was established. By using the MDI model, geographic information system technology and mathematic methods, this article then calculated MDI of each county and province of China in 2005 and systematically evaluated the material-based development of China at county and provincial scales, so as to bring some scientific references and policy-making supports to the population development function oriented zoning and population spatial distribution planning of China. The result showed that: (1) At county scale, the material-based development of counties within China in 2005 was significantly different, in which there were 1876 counties belonging to the mid-level material-based development and accounted for 78.10% of the total. The numbers of high-level and low-level counties were 144 and 382 and accounted for 6.00% and 15.90% respectively, demonstrating a spindle shape in general. The spatial distribution of material-based development was unbalanced, and it was much better in southeastern part of the line of "Daxinganling–Yinshan-Liupanshan–southeast edge of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau" than that of northwestern. Furthermore, there were also differences of the sub-index between different material-based development levels. Therefore, for different regions, key issues and measures adaptable to local condition should be prioritized and taken in order to realize regional balance development. (2) At provincial scale, there was also significant difference between each province and the spatial distribution of it was "high in the east, low in the west" in general. It meant that the capacity of natural resources attraction and conversion of east China was better than that of west China. The infrastructure level was the main factor ac- counting for the differences of material-based development levelsamong provinces. As a result, our government should make great efforts to improve infrastructure condition, especially the western part of China, so as to narrow the gap between the western part and the eastern part to realize the coordinated development within different regions and rapidly socio-economic development of China.展开更多
文摘The policy and principles on management of radioactive wastes are stipulated.Cement solidification and bituminization unit has come into trial run. Solid radioactive waste is stored in tentative storage vault built in each of nuclear faCilities. Seventeen storages associated with applications of nuclear technology and radioisotopes have been built for provinces. Disposal of low and intermediate level radioactive wastes pursues the policy of 'regional disposal'. Four repositories have been planned to be built in northwest, southwest, south and east China respectively. A program for treatment and disposal of high level radioactive waste has been made.
文摘China HC-SB TBM is designed as 3×3 sub-modules which making its structure to become robust but much complex. HC-SB TBM box is mounted inside a 20 cm of frame for a 1/4 of 1TER test port with 66.4 cm in width, and 44.5 cm in height, and 67 cm in depth. There have two 2 cm of gaps on side faces. A frame thickness around TBM module is 20 cm. In module of HC-SB TBM, LiaSiO4 pebble bed is used as tritium breeder zone. The packing factor of LiaSiO4 pebble bed is 0.59. The concentration of Li6 is 80%. Be pebble bed is used as neutron multiplication zone. The packing factor for Be pebble bed is selected as 0.8. All structural materials are Eurofer in which are helium cooling channel with diameter 0.6 cm of circular cross section. All sub-modules have a common FW that is independently cooled. There are only 4 Li4SiO4 regions which is lower volume ratio compared to Be. It is an advantage because Be has a better heat conductivity than Li4SiO4.
基金supported by the project of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant no. KZCX2-YW-323)the Nation-al Population Development Strategy of China (Development Planning 2008-5)
文摘Regional development is a course of accumulation based on many factors, which is directly related to resources utilization and conversion. And material wealth production and accumulation embody the outcome of regional development. Thus, focusing on material wealth, regional development can be evaluated from resources and perspective of resources conversion. Taking the infrastructural level, transportation accessibility and economic development level into full account, the concept of "material-based development" was presented and the material-based development index (MDI) model was established. By using the MDI model, geographic information system technology and mathematic methods, this article then calculated MDI of each county and province of China in 2005 and systematically evaluated the material-based development of China at county and provincial scales, so as to bring some scientific references and policy-making supports to the population development function oriented zoning and population spatial distribution planning of China. The result showed that: (1) At county scale, the material-based development of counties within China in 2005 was significantly different, in which there were 1876 counties belonging to the mid-level material-based development and accounted for 78.10% of the total. The numbers of high-level and low-level counties were 144 and 382 and accounted for 6.00% and 15.90% respectively, demonstrating a spindle shape in general. The spatial distribution of material-based development was unbalanced, and it was much better in southeastern part of the line of "Daxinganling–Yinshan-Liupanshan–southeast edge of Qinghai–Tibet Plateau" than that of northwestern. Furthermore, there were also differences of the sub-index between different material-based development levels. Therefore, for different regions, key issues and measures adaptable to local condition should be prioritized and taken in order to realize regional balance development. (2) At provincial scale, there was also significant difference between each province and the spatial distribution of it was "high in the east, low in the west" in general. It meant that the capacity of natural resources attraction and conversion of east China was better than that of west China. The infrastructure level was the main factor ac- counting for the differences of material-based development levelsamong provinces. As a result, our government should make great efforts to improve infrastructure condition, especially the western part of China, so as to narrow the gap between the western part and the eastern part to realize the coordinated development within different regions and rapidly socio-economic development of China.
