As a new form of artistic expression, film has gone through a history of more than 100 years in China. Focusing on the aesthetic taste of the underclass, popular literary tradition, which highlights appreciation habit...As a new form of artistic expression, film has gone through a history of more than 100 years in China. Focusing on the aesthetic taste of the underclass, popular literary tradition, which highlights appreciation habits of the citizen stratum, is the quintessence of Chinese traditional culture. Breaking through the mode of Western films, the early Chinese film, referring to artistic elements in story-telling script, fiction, and drama in Song and Yuan Dynasties, has created new film genres of ＂unofficial historical film＂ and martial-art film which are positive results of the localization of early Chinese films. Though the unofficial historical film failed in adapting the theme of popular literature, its groundbreaking significance is still worth approving展开更多
Oil and gas breakthroughs have been achieved in the Zhongshen 1(ZS1) and 1 C(ZS1 C) wells in Cambrian pre-salt from the Tarim Basin in northwest China. However, Middle and Lower Cambrian reservoirs reveal substantial ...Oil and gas breakthroughs have been achieved in the Zhongshen 1(ZS1) and 1 C(ZS1 C) wells in Cambrian pre-salt from the Tarim Basin in northwest China. However, Middle and Lower Cambrian reservoirs reveal substantial differences in the geochemistry and secondary alteration characteristics between the oils collected from the two wells. High concentrations of thiadiamondoids and diamondoidthiols, including thiatetramantanes, tetramantanethiols, thiapentamantanes, and pentamantanethiols, are detected in the organic sulfur compound fraction of concentrated oil collected from the ZS1 C well, which samples the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation. Higher diamondoids, such as tetramantanes, pentamantanes, hexamantanes, and cyclohexamantane, also occur in the saturate fractions of the concentrated ZS1 C oil. The presence of these compounds is verified by mass spectra analysis and comparison with previous studies. During thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR), the cage of higher diamondoids is interpreted to open because of sulfur radicals forming open-cage higher diamondoid-like thiols, followed by cyclization that leads to the formation of high thiadiamondoids. Using D_(16)-adamantane as an internal standard, the concentrations of lower diamondoids and thiadiamondoids of non-concentrated Cambrian oil from well ZS1 C are 83874 and8578 μg/g, respectively, which are far higher than Cambrian oil from well ZS1 and most Ordovician oils in the Tarim Basin. The high concentrations of lower thiadiamondoids and occurrence of higher thiadiamondoids and diamondoidthiols support that the oil from well ZS1 C is a product of severe TSR alteration.展开更多
Following the Ediacaran metazoan radiation,the "Cambrian Explosion" set up the major framework of todays' animal phyla as well as modern marine ecosystem.Here,we present a preliminary investigation on th...Following the Ediacaran metazoan radiation,the "Cambrian Explosion" set up the major framework of todays' animal phyla as well as modern marine ecosystem.Here,we present a preliminary investigation on the temporal and spatial(from shallow to deep waters) variations of the early Cambrian ocean chemistry in South China through analyzing a Fe-S-C systematic dataset integrated from literature.Our investigation indicates that the early Cambrian deep ocean in South China was still anoxic and Fe2+-enriched(i.e.,ferruginous) although its surface was oxic,and in between a metastable euxinic(anoxic and sulfidic) water zone may have dynamically developed in anoxic shelf waters with an increasing weathering sulfate supply.Furthermore,accompanying marine transgression and regression cycles in the early Cambrian,such a "sandwich" structure in ocean redox chemistry demonstrates five evolutional stages,which can be well correlated to the spatiotemporal patterns of fossil records in South China.The good correlation between metazoan fossil occurrences and water chemistry in South China suggests that early animals possibly possessed ability to inhabit anoxic but generally not euxinic environments as free H2S was fatal to most eukaryotes.This view can well explain why those small shell fauna and sponges disappeared from shelf to slope areas where sulfidic Ni-Mo-rich shales were widely deposited.Thus,we conclude that the spatiotemporal variations of ocean chemistry and its biological effects probably played a key role in the phased animal radiations and "extinctions" in the early Cambrian.展开更多
Forty-two Cenozoic （mostly Miocene） basalt samples from Jining, Chifeng, Fansi, Xiyang, and Zuoquan areas of the North China Craton （the NCC basalts hereafter） were analyzed for platinum-group elements （PGE, incl...Forty-two Cenozoic （mostly Miocene） basalt samples from Jining, Chifeng, Fansi, Xiyang, and Zuoquan areas of the North China Craton （the NCC basalts hereafter） were analyzed for platinum-group elements （PGE, including Os, It, Ru, Rh, Pt, and Pd）. Most of them are alkaline basalts and tholeiites and all of them display little crustal contamination. The total PGE contents of the NCC basalts vary from 0.1 to 0.9 ppb, much lower than those of the primitive mantle values of 23.5 ppb. Primitive man- tie-normalized PGE patterns of these basalts define positive slopes and Pd/Ir ratios vary from 1.2 to 25. In terms of both PGE contents and Pd/Ir ratios, they are quite similar to the mid-ocean ridge basalts. There are no obvious negative correlations be- tween PGE vs. MgO, Ni, and Cu in the NCC basalts, indicating that fractional crystallization of olivine, pyroxene, and/or sul- fides during magmatic process cannot be the controlling factor for the observed PGE variation. The observed Pd/Ir variations of the NCC basalts require involvement of non-chondritic heterogeneous mantle sources. Based on Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic sys- tematics and incompatible-element signatures, a mixing of partial melts from both asthenospheric peridotites and enclosed mantle eclogites at the top of asthenosphere was proposed for the origin of these NCC basalts. The lenses of eclogites are de- rived from upwelling of recycled continental crust during the westward subduction of the Pacific plate from the -600 km dis- continuity zone. The PGE geochemistry of these basalts provides independent evidence to support this conclusion and the ob- served Pd/Ir variations may reflect variations in proportions of tapped peridotitic and eclogitic melts.展开更多
文摘As a new form of artistic expression, film has gone through a history of more than 100 years in China. Focusing on the aesthetic taste of the underclass, popular literary tradition, which highlights appreciation habits of the citizen stratum, is the quintessence of Chinese traditional culture. Breaking through the mode of Western films, the early Chinese film, referring to artistic elements in story-telling script, fiction, and drama in Song and Yuan Dynasties, has created new film genres of ＂unofficial historical film＂ and martial-art film which are positive results of the localization of early Chinese films. Though the unofficial historical film failed in adapting the theme of popular literature, its groundbreaking significance is still worth approving
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41772153)State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry, GIGCAS (Grant No. SKLOG2017-02)+1 种基金National Science and Technology Major Project of the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2017ZX05005-002)SINOPEC Ministry of Science and Technology (Grant No. P16090, P17049-1)
文摘Oil and gas breakthroughs have been achieved in the Zhongshen 1(ZS1) and 1 C(ZS1 C) wells in Cambrian pre-salt from the Tarim Basin in northwest China. However, Middle and Lower Cambrian reservoirs reveal substantial differences in the geochemistry and secondary alteration characteristics between the oils collected from the two wells. High concentrations of thiadiamondoids and diamondoidthiols, including thiatetramantanes, tetramantanethiols, thiapentamantanes, and pentamantanethiols, are detected in the organic sulfur compound fraction of concentrated oil collected from the ZS1 C well, which samples the Lower Cambrian Xiaoerbulake Formation. Higher diamondoids, such as tetramantanes, pentamantanes, hexamantanes, and cyclohexamantane, also occur in the saturate fractions of the concentrated ZS1 C oil. The presence of these compounds is verified by mass spectra analysis and comparison with previous studies. During thermochemical sulfate reduction(TSR), the cage of higher diamondoids is interpreted to open because of sulfur radicals forming open-cage higher diamondoid-like thiols, followed by cyclization that leads to the formation of high thiadiamondoids. Using D_(16)-adamantane as an internal standard, the concentrations of lower diamondoids and thiadiamondoids of non-concentrated Cambrian oil from well ZS1 C are 83874 and8578 μg/g, respectively, which are far higher than Cambrian oil from well ZS1 and most Ordovician oils in the Tarim Basin. The high concentrations of lower thiadiamondoids and occurrence of higher thiadiamondoids and diamondoidthiols support that the oil from well ZS1 C is a product of severe TSR alteration.
基金financially supported by National Basic Research Program of China(Grant Nos.2013CB955700&2011CB80880)National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41172030)Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University(Grant No.NCET-11-0724)
文摘Following the Ediacaran metazoan radiation,the "Cambrian Explosion" set up the major framework of todays' animal phyla as well as modern marine ecosystem.Here,we present a preliminary investigation on the temporal and spatial(from shallow to deep waters) variations of the early Cambrian ocean chemistry in South China through analyzing a Fe-S-C systematic dataset integrated from literature.Our investigation indicates that the early Cambrian deep ocean in South China was still anoxic and Fe2+-enriched(i.e.,ferruginous) although its surface was oxic,and in between a metastable euxinic(anoxic and sulfidic) water zone may have dynamically developed in anoxic shelf waters with an increasing weathering sulfate supply.Furthermore,accompanying marine transgression and regression cycles in the early Cambrian,such a "sandwich" structure in ocean redox chemistry demonstrates five evolutional stages,which can be well correlated to the spatiotemporal patterns of fossil records in South China.The good correlation between metazoan fossil occurrences and water chemistry in South China suggests that early animals possibly possessed ability to inhabit anoxic but generally not euxinic environments as free H2S was fatal to most eukaryotes.This view can well explain why those small shell fauna and sponges disappeared from shelf to slope areas where sulfidic Ni-Mo-rich shales were widely deposited.Thus,we conclude that the spatiotemporal variations of ocean chemistry and its biological effects probably played a key role in the phased animal radiations and "extinctions" in the early Cambrian.
基金financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41173036,40534022)the Chinese Academy of Sciences(Grant No.KZCX2-YW-103)
文摘Forty-two Cenozoic （mostly Miocene） basalt samples from Jining, Chifeng, Fansi, Xiyang, and Zuoquan areas of the North China Craton （the NCC basalts hereafter） were analyzed for platinum-group elements （PGE, including Os, It, Ru, Rh, Pt, and Pd）. Most of them are alkaline basalts and tholeiites and all of them display little crustal contamination. The total PGE contents of the NCC basalts vary from 0.1 to 0.9 ppb, much lower than those of the primitive mantle values of 23.5 ppb. Primitive man- tie-normalized PGE patterns of these basalts define positive slopes and Pd/Ir ratios vary from 1.2 to 25. In terms of both PGE contents and Pd/Ir ratios, they are quite similar to the mid-ocean ridge basalts. There are no obvious negative correlations be- tween PGE vs. MgO, Ni, and Cu in the NCC basalts, indicating that fractional crystallization of olivine, pyroxene, and/or sul- fides during magmatic process cannot be the controlling factor for the observed PGE variation. The observed Pd/Ir variations of the NCC basalts require involvement of non-chondritic heterogeneous mantle sources. Based on Sr-Nd-Pb-Hf isotopic sys- tematics and incompatible-element signatures, a mixing of partial melts from both asthenospheric peridotites and enclosed mantle eclogites at the top of asthenosphere was proposed for the origin of these NCC basalts. The lenses of eclogites are de- rived from upwelling of recycled continental crust during the westward subduction of the Pacific plate from the -600 km dis- continuity zone. The PGE geochemistry of these basalts provides independent evidence to support this conclusion and the ob- served Pd/Ir variations may reflect variations in proportions of tapped peridotitic and eclogitic melts.
