AIM: To investigate the effect of a new infant formula supplemented with a low level (0.24 g/100 mL) of galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) on intestinal micro-flora (Bif idobacteria, Lactobacilli and E. coli) and fermentat...AIM: To investigate the effect of a new infant formula supplemented with a low level (0.24 g/100 mL) of galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) on intestinal micro-flora (Bif idobacteria, Lactobacilli and E. coli) and fermentation characteristics in term infants, compared with human milk and a standard infant formula without GOS. METHODS: Term infants (n = 371) were approached in this study in three hospitals of China. All infants started breast-feeding. Those who changed to formula-feeding within 4 wk after birth were randomly assigned to one of the two formula groups. Growth and stool characteristics, and side effects that occurred in recruited infants were recorded in a 3-mo follow-up period. Fecal samples were collected from a subpopulation of recruited infants for analysis of intestinal bacteria (culture technique), acetic acid (gas chromatography) and pH (indicator strip). RESULTS: After 3 mo, the intestinal Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli , acetic acid and stool frequency were significantly increased, and fecal pH was decreased in infants fed with the GOS-formula or human milk, compared with those fed with the formula withoutGOS. No significant differences were observed between the GOS formula and human milk groups. Supplementation with GOS did not influence the incidence of crying, regurgitation and vomiting. CONCLUSION: A low level of GOS (0.24 g/100 mL) in infant formula can improve stool frequency, decrease fecal pH, and stimulate intestinal Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli as in those fed with human milk.展开更多
Although a well-established association between breast-feeding and a range of positive health outcomes in children has been demonstrated, less attention has been paid under China circumstance, especially what factors ...Although a well-established association between breast-feeding and a range of positive health outcomes in children has been demonstrated, less attention has been paid under China circumstance, especially what factors will influence breast-feeding behavior among Chinese women from empirical perspective has not been explored yet. In this paper, survival analysis with duration model is applied to find out the main determinants. The well-known China Health and Nutrition Survey （CHNS） dataset fits for this study since it has plenty information about breast-feeding and children. Family income, age, education level, and maternity leave are found to he the main determinants which have significant effects on the breast-feeding behavior, also the gender of infant plays an important role which is for Chinese-specific cases. The opportunity cost for women with higher education level and higher income, especially in urban areas is so high that they have to shorten the duration of breastfeeding their children. The probability of breast-feeding her child is decreasing with the aging of mother.展开更多
文摘AIM: To investigate the effect of a new infant formula supplemented with a low level (0.24 g/100 mL) of galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) on intestinal micro-flora (Bif idobacteria, Lactobacilli and E. coli) and fermentation characteristics in term infants, compared with human milk and a standard infant formula without GOS. METHODS: Term infants (n = 371) were approached in this study in three hospitals of China. All infants started breast-feeding. Those who changed to formula-feeding within 4 wk after birth were randomly assigned to one of the two formula groups. Growth and stool characteristics, and side effects that occurred in recruited infants were recorded in a 3-mo follow-up period. Fecal samples were collected from a subpopulation of recruited infants for analysis of intestinal bacteria (culture technique), acetic acid (gas chromatography) and pH (indicator strip). RESULTS: After 3 mo, the intestinal Bifidobacteria, Lactobacilli , acetic acid and stool frequency were significantly increased, and fecal pH was decreased in infants fed with the GOS-formula or human milk, compared with those fed with the formula withoutGOS. No significant differences were observed between the GOS formula and human milk groups. Supplementation with GOS did not influence the incidence of crying, regurgitation and vomiting. CONCLUSION: A low level of GOS (0.24 g/100 mL) in infant formula can improve stool frequency, decrease fecal pH, and stimulate intestinal Bifidobacteria and Lactobacilli as in those fed with human milk.
文摘Although a well-established association between breast-feeding and a range of positive health outcomes in children has been demonstrated, less attention has been paid under China circumstance, especially what factors will influence breast-feeding behavior among Chinese women from empirical perspective has not been explored yet. In this paper, survival analysis with duration model is applied to find out the main determinants. The well-known China Health and Nutrition Survey （CHNS） dataset fits for this study since it has plenty information about breast-feeding and children. Family income, age, education level, and maternity leave are found to he the main determinants which have significant effects on the breast-feeding behavior, also the gender of infant plays an important role which is for Chinese-specific cases. The opportunity cost for women with higher education level and higher income, especially in urban areas is so high that they have to shorten the duration of breastfeeding their children. The probability of breast-feeding her child is decreasing with the aging of mother.
