Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has given birth to an international carbon trading market prosperity, which provides developing countries with valuable opportunity to address climate change issues right along with e...Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has given birth to an international carbon trading market prosperity, which provides developing countries with valuable opportunity to address climate change issues right along with economic development and environmental improvement to achieve sustainable development. However, most studies of CDM focus on economics, and few on its legal problems. CDM involves too many aspects. And the clear legal attribute of trading object is the basis of progress of the transaction and also the start point of legal protection. Therefore, this paper in accordance with the inherent principle of property rights economics, and environmental economics in CDM, only discusses CDM carbon emission right legal interpretation and its attribution. The paper recommends that in order to ensure and promote the carbon emission right trading, carbon emission right should be attributed into the system of real rights to be regulated by Real Right Law. In this way, carbon emission right can gain exclusive power of possession and use, which can achieve a clear right def inition of environmental goods in line with Coase's theory to protect Chinese prof it in carbon trading market and promote the development of the carbon trading market further.展开更多
This article contextualises the debate in Chinese legal scholarship on qingli and fali in their historical backgrounds by tracing the roots, themes, and variations in the dialogue. The earliest record of the debate be...This article contextualises the debate in Chinese legal scholarship on qingli and fali in their historical backgrounds by tracing the roots, themes, and variations in the dialogue. The earliest record of the debate between Legalism and Confucianism serves as the ground for us to examine the necessity of morality in the practice of law, while the introduction of Confucian ideals into law since the Han dynasty opened up the process of coalescing morality with law in imperial China. Through the case study of xiao （filial piety ）, the article argues that the Confucianisation of law took a long time to complete.展开更多
Research on modern Chinese literature has achieved results that have attracted wide attention. However, its state of near ＂saturation＂ has placed it in a dilemma with no clear way forward. Finding new academic growt...Research on modern Chinese literature has achieved results that have attracted wide attention. However, its state of near ＂saturation＂ has placed it in a dilemma with no clear way forward. Finding new academic growth points has become exceptionally important and urgent. The relationship between the ＂culture of calligraphy＂ and ＂modem Chinese writers＂ is virtually a research blank and has so Ihr attracted regrettably little attention. In fact, many modem Chinese writers have had close ties with calligraphy, making important contributions to its collection, creation and scholarly exploration. Conversely, the culture of calligraphy has exerted a profound influence on such things as the mode of existence, textual forms, emotional expression, ways of thought and aesthetic tastes of modem literature. Moreover, an examination of this relationship may stimulate us to reflect more deeply on literature, calligraphy, culture, education and related issues, which may help us gain a larger space for the development of Chinese culture and literature in the new century.展开更多
In this paper, we shall prove that the Koch-Tataru solution u to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in Rd satisfies the decay estimates involving some borderline Besov norms with d ≥ 3. Moreover, u has a uniq...In this paper, we shall prove that the Koch-Tataru solution u to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in Rd satisfies the decay estimates involving some borderline Besov norms with d ≥ 3. Moreover, u has a unique trajectory which is HSlder continuous with respect to the space variables.展开更多
This paper is dedicated to the study of viscous compressible barotropic fluids in dimension N ≥ 2. We address the question of well-posedness for large data having critical Besov regularity. Our result improves N the...This paper is dedicated to the study of viscous compressible barotropic fluids in dimension N ≥ 2. We address the question of well-posedness for large data having critical Besov regularity. Our result improves N the analysis of Danchin and of the author inasmuch as we may take initial density in BN/p p,1 with 1 ≤ p 〈 ＋∞. Our result relies on a new a priori estimate for the velocity, where we introduce a new unknown called effective velocity to weaken one of the couplings between the density and the velocity. In particular, our result is the first in which we obtain uniqueness without imposing hypothesis on the gradient of the density.展开更多
It is known that the one-dimensional nonlinear heat equation ut ： f（u）x1x1, f＇（u） 〉 0, u（±∞, t） ： u, u＋ ≠ u- has a unique self-similar solution u（x1/√1＋t）. In multi-dimensional space, （x1/√1＋t...It is known that the one-dimensional nonlinear heat equation ut ： f（u）x1x1, f＇（u） 〉 0, u（±∞, t） ： u, u＋ ≠ u- has a unique self-similar solution u（x1/√1＋t）. In multi-dimensional space, （x1/√1＋t） is called a planar diffusion wave. In the first part of the present paper, it is shown that under some smallness conditions, such a planar diffusion wave is nonlinearly stable for the nonlinear heat equation： ut -△f（u） = 0, x ∈ R^n. The optimal time decay rate is obtained. In the second part of this paper, it is further shown that this planar diffusion wave is still nonlinearly stable for the quasilinear wave equation with damping： utt ＋ ut - △f（u） = 0, x ∈ R^n. The time decay rate is also obtained. The proofs are given by an elementary energy method.展开更多
This paper is an introduction to the modelling of viscoelastic fluids, with an emphasis on micromacro （or multiscale） models. Some elements of mathematical and numerical analysis are provided. These notes closely fo...This paper is an introduction to the modelling of viscoelastic fluids, with an emphasis on micromacro （or multiscale） models. Some elements of mathematical and numerical analysis are provided. These notes closely follow the lectures delivered by the second author at the Chinese Academy of Science during the Workshop ＂Stress Tensor Effects on Fluid Mechanics＂ in January 2010.展开更多
For the focusing mass-critical NLS iu, ＋ △u = --｜u｜u, it is conjectured that the only global nonscattering solution with ground state mass must be a solitary wave up to symmetries of the equation. In this paper, w...For the focusing mass-critical NLS iu, ＋ △u = --｜u｜u, it is conjectured that the only global nonscattering solution with ground state mass must be a solitary wave up to symmetries of the equation. In this paper, we settle the conjecture for H1 initial data in dimensions d = 2, 3 with spherical symmetry and d ≥ 4 with certain splitting-spherically symmetric initial data.展开更多
We present the formal derivation of a new unidirectional model for unsteady mixed flows in nonuniform closed water pipes. In the case of free surface incompressible flows, the FS-model is formally obtained, using form...We present the formal derivation of a new unidirectional model for unsteady mixed flows in nonuniform closed water pipes. In the case of free surface incompressible flows, the FS-model is formally obtained, using formal asymptotic analysis, which is an extension to more classical shallow water models. In the same way, when the pipe is full, we propose the P-model, which describes the evolution of a compressible inviscid flow, close to gas dynamics equations in a nozzle. In order to cope with the transition between a free surface state and a pressured （i.e., compressible） state, we propose a mixed model, the PFS-model, taking into account changes of section and slope variation.展开更多
The H@braud-Lequeux model is a model describing the flow of soft glassy material in a simple shear flow configuration. It is given by a kinetic/Fokker-Planck-type equation whose coefficients depend on the shear rate o...The H@braud-Lequeux model is a model describing the flow of soft glassy material in a simple shear flow configuration. It is given by a kinetic/Fokker-Planck-type equation whose coefficients depend on the shear rate of the experiment. In this paper we want to study what happens to the stationary solutions of this model when the shear rate is asymptotically large. In order to do that, we expand the solution of the equation using singular perturbation tools. In the end, we rigorously prove the estimate of Hebraud and Lequeux that the material asymptotically behaves as a Newtonian fluid.展开更多
We present multicomponent flow models derived from the kinetic theory of gases and investigate the symmetric hyperbolic-parabolic structure of the resulting system of partial differential equations. We address the Cau...We present multicomponent flow models derived from the kinetic theory of gases and investigate the symmetric hyperbolic-parabolic structure of the resulting system of partial differential equations. We address the Cauchy problem for smooth solutions as well as the existence of deflagration waves, also termed anchored waves. We further discuss related models which have a similar hyperbolic-parabolic structure, notably the Saint- Venant system with a temperature equation as well as the equations governing chemical equilibrium flows. We next investigate multicomponent ionized and magnetized flow models with anisotropic transport fluxes which have a different mathematical structure. We finally discuss numerical algorithms specifically devoted to complex chemistry flows, in particular the evaluation of multicomponent transport properties, as well as the impact of multicomponent transport.展开更多
In this note, we provide a consistant thin layer theory for power law and Bingham incompressible fluids flowing down an inclined plane under the effect of gravity. The derivation of such equations is based on formal a...In this note, we provide a consistant thin layer theory for power law and Bingham incompressible fluids flowing down an inclined plane under the effect of gravity. The derivation of such equations is based on formal asymptotic expansions of solutions of Cauchy momentum equations in the shallow water scaling and in the neighbourhood of steady solutions so that we can close the average equations on the fluid height h and the total discharge rate q.展开更多
Fourier analysis methods and in particular techniques based on Littlewood-Paley decomposition and paraproduct have known a growing interest recently for the study of nonlinear evolutionary equations. In this survey pa...Fourier analysis methods and in particular techniques based on Littlewood-Paley decomposition and paraproduct have known a growing interest recently for the study of nonlinear evolutionary equations. In this survey paper, we explain how these methods may be implemented so as to study the compresible Navier-Stokes equations in the whole space. We shall investigate both the initial value problem in critical Besov spaces and the low Mach number asymptotics.展开更多
基金supported by National Key Project of Scientific and Technical Supporting Programs Funded by Ministry of Science and Tech-nology of China in the 11th Five-Year Plan (Grant No. 2007BAC03A12).
文摘Clean Development Mechanism (CDM) has given birth to an international carbon trading market prosperity, which provides developing countries with valuable opportunity to address climate change issues right along with economic development and environmental improvement to achieve sustainable development. However, most studies of CDM focus on economics, and few on its legal problems. CDM involves too many aspects. And the clear legal attribute of trading object is the basis of progress of the transaction and also the start point of legal protection. Therefore, this paper in accordance with the inherent principle of property rights economics, and environmental economics in CDM, only discusses CDM carbon emission right legal interpretation and its attribution. The paper recommends that in order to ensure and promote the carbon emission right trading, carbon emission right should be attributed into the system of real rights to be regulated by Real Right Law. In this way, carbon emission right can gain exclusive power of possession and use, which can achieve a clear right def inition of environmental goods in line with Coase's theory to protect Chinese prof it in carbon trading market and promote the development of the carbon trading market further.
文摘This article contextualises the debate in Chinese legal scholarship on qingli and fali in their historical backgrounds by tracing the roots, themes, and variations in the dialogue. The earliest record of the debate between Legalism and Confucianism serves as the ground for us to examine the necessity of morality in the practice of law, while the introduction of Confucian ideals into law since the Han dynasty opened up the process of coalescing morality with law in imperial China. Through the case study of xiao （filial piety ）, the article argues that the Confucianisation of law took a long time to complete.
文摘Research on modern Chinese literature has achieved results that have attracted wide attention. However, its state of near ＂saturation＂ has placed it in a dilemma with no clear way forward. Finding new academic growth points has become exceptionally important and urgent. The relationship between the ＂culture of calligraphy＂ and ＂modem Chinese writers＂ is virtually a research blank and has so Ihr attracted regrettably little attention. In fact, many modem Chinese writers have had close ties with calligraphy, making important contributions to its collection, creation and scholarly exploration. Conversely, the culture of calligraphy has exerted a profound influence on such things as the mode of existence, textual forms, emotional expression, ways of thought and aesthetic tastes of modem literature. Moreover, an examination of this relationship may stimulate us to reflect more deeply on literature, calligraphy, culture, education and related issues, which may help us gain a larger space for the development of Chinese culture and literature in the new century.
基金Acknowledgements We are very grateful to the referee＇s suggestions and comments on the improvement of the paper. Part of this work was done when we were visiting Morningside Center of Mathematics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in the summer of 2010. We appreciate the hospitality and the financial support from the center. P. Zhang is partially supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 10421101 and 10931007）, and the innovation grant from the Chinese Academy of Sciences （Grant No. GJHZ200829）. T. Zhang is partially supported by the Program for New Century Excellent Talents in University, National Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant Nos. 10871175, 10931007 and 10901137）, and the Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China （Grant No. Z6100217）.
文摘In this paper, we shall prove that the Koch-Tataru solution u to the incompressible Navier-Stokes equations in Rd satisfies the decay estimates involving some borderline Besov norms with d ≥ 3. Moreover, u has a unique trajectory which is HSlder continuous with respect to the space variables.
文摘This paper is dedicated to the study of viscous compressible barotropic fluids in dimension N ≥ 2. We address the question of well-posedness for large data having critical Besov regularity. Our result improves N the analysis of Danchin and of the author inasmuch as we may take initial density in BN/p p,1 with 1 ≤ p 〈 ＋∞. Our result relies on a new a priori estimate for the velocity, where we introduce a new unknown called effective velocity to weaken one of the couplings between the density and the velocity. In particular, our result is the first in which we obtain uniqueness without imposing hypothesis on the gradient of the density.
基金Acknowledgements He＇s research is supported in part by National Basic Research Program of China （Grant No. 2006CB805902）. Huang＇ research is supported in part by National Natural Science Foundation of China for Distinguished Youth Scholar （Grant No. 10825102）, NSFC-NSAF （Grant No. 10676037） and National Basic Research Program of China （Grant No. 2006CB805902）.
文摘It is known that the one-dimensional nonlinear heat equation ut ： f（u）x1x1, f＇（u） 〉 0, u（±∞, t） ： u, u＋ ≠ u- has a unique self-similar solution u（x1/√1＋t）. In multi-dimensional space, （x1/√1＋t） is called a planar diffusion wave. In the first part of the present paper, it is shown that under some smallness conditions, such a planar diffusion wave is nonlinearly stable for the nonlinear heat equation： ut -△f（u） = 0, x ∈ R^n. The optimal time decay rate is obtained. In the second part of this paper, it is further shown that this planar diffusion wave is still nonlinearly stable for the quasilinear wave equation with damping： utt ＋ ut - △f（u） = 0, x ∈ R^n. The time decay rate is also obtained. The proofs are given by an elementary energy method.
文摘This paper is an introduction to the modelling of viscoelastic fluids, with an emphasis on micromacro （or multiscale） models. Some elements of mathematical and numerical analysis are provided. These notes closely follow the lectures delivered by the second author at the Chinese Academy of Science during the Workshop ＂Stress Tensor Effects on Fluid Mechanics＂ in January 2010.
基金Acknowledgements The first author is supported in part by National Science Foundation （Grant No. 0908032） and a start up fund in UBC. The second author is supported by an Alfred P. Sloan fellowship.
文摘For the focusing mass-critical NLS iu, ＋ △u = --｜u｜u, it is conjectured that the only global nonscattering solution with ground state mass must be a solitary wave up to symmetries of the equation. In this paper, we settle the conjecture for H1 initial data in dimensions d = 2, 3 with spherical symmetry and d ≥ 4 with certain splitting-spherically symmetric initial data.
文摘We present the formal derivation of a new unidirectional model for unsteady mixed flows in nonuniform closed water pipes. In the case of free surface incompressible flows, the FS-model is formally obtained, using formal asymptotic analysis, which is an extension to more classical shallow water models. In the same way, when the pipe is full, we propose the P-model, which describes the evolution of a compressible inviscid flow, close to gas dynamics equations in a nozzle. In order to cope with the transition between a free surface state and a pressured （i.e., compressible） state, we propose a mixed model, the PFS-model, taking into account changes of section and slope variation.
文摘The H@braud-Lequeux model is a model describing the flow of soft glassy material in a simple shear flow configuration. It is given by a kinetic/Fokker-Planck-type equation whose coefficients depend on the shear rate of the experiment. In this paper we want to study what happens to the stationary solutions of this model when the shear rate is asymptotically large. In order to do that, we expand the solution of the equation using singular perturbation tools. In the end, we rigorously prove the estimate of Hebraud and Lequeux that the material asymptotically behaves as a Newtonian fluid.
文摘We present multicomponent flow models derived from the kinetic theory of gases and investigate the symmetric hyperbolic-parabolic structure of the resulting system of partial differential equations. We address the Cauchy problem for smooth solutions as well as the existence of deflagration waves, also termed anchored waves. We further discuss related models which have a similar hyperbolic-parabolic structure, notably the Saint- Venant system with a temperature equation as well as the equations governing chemical equilibrium flows. We next investigate multicomponent ionized and magnetized flow models with anisotropic transport fluxes which have a different mathematical structure. We finally discuss numerical algorithms specifically devoted to complex chemistry flows, in particular the evaluation of multicomponent transport properties, as well as the impact of multicomponent transport.
文摘In this note, we provide a consistant thin layer theory for power law and Bingham incompressible fluids flowing down an inclined plane under the effect of gravity. The derivation of such equations is based on formal asymptotic expansions of solutions of Cauchy momentum equations in the shallow water scaling and in the neighbourhood of steady solutions so that we can close the average equations on the fluid height h and the total discharge rate q.
文摘Fourier analysis methods and in particular techniques based on Littlewood-Paley decomposition and paraproduct have known a growing interest recently for the study of nonlinear evolutionary equations. In this survey paper, we explain how these methods may be implemented so as to study the compresible Navier-Stokes equations in the whole space. We shall investigate both the initial value problem in critical Besov spaces and the low Mach number asymptotics.
