北极生态安全对中国的影响及应对研究——基于非传统安全视角

在全球变暖的影响下,北极冰盖面加速消融,其生态安全受到严重威胁。一方面,北极环境的变化不仅威胁着全球暨北极周边地区的生态状况,而且对中国气候也产生着巨大影响,如近年来中国恶劣天气增多,自然灾害频发等,尤为影响到中国的生态安全、资源安全、航道安全等非传统安全;另一方面,到2030年,北极地区夏季冰层将全部消融,北极航道即将开通,这对全球贸易航线以及世界国际关系格局和军事战略格局都有着不可忽视的影响。基于非传统安全的角度,对与北极利益攸关的中国来说应抓住机遇,积极参与北极事务,加强对北极地区的科学研究,与俄罗斯、冰岛等北极国家开展广泛而深入的合作;与韩国、印度等近北极国家开展合作共同争取北极利益。

中国海洋生态安全面临的挑战及其原因分析

当今世界,人类的资源、环境等问题日益严峻,世界上许多国家很早就把经济发展的目光投向海洋,致使全球海洋生态系统承受了巨大的压力。近年来,随着国际社会对全球海洋生态环境问题的日益关注,我国的海洋生态安全问题也日益凸显,论文在对我国海洋生态现状进行分析的基础上,提出了我国海洋生态安全正面临的挑战,并进一步分析了海洋生态安全困境产生的原因。

生态安全法框架体系完善构想

当前我国生态安全形势严峻,在这一背景下,我国生态安全法立法问题备受关注。文章在诠释我国生态安全法深刻内涵的基础上,阐明架构我国生态安全法体系的必要性,深入挖掘我国生态安全法立法的问题所在,提出完善我国生态安全法框架体系的具体构想,以求为我国生态安全法的体系架构提供有益的借鉴。

中国的全球生态安全观:形塑、意涵与革新

全球生态安全概念及其话语政策体系的形成,既受制于美欧发达国家依然占据主导地位的世界经济政治体系,也在相当程度上被20世纪80年代末、90年代初的国际秩序特定构型所铸塑。当代中国的全球生态安全观也是在这一宏观背景与语境下逐步形成的,并不断丰富拓展其主要理论与政策意涵,即主张立足于总体国家安全观的、以人类命运共同体理念为引领的、借由共谋全球生态文明建设加以推动的全球生态安全共同体建设。经历过2020年暴发的全球新冠疫情风浪考验的新时代中国,对于全球生态安全问题及其应对有着更加理性成熟的境况认知与政治政策,并将会贡献更多中国力量和中国智慧。

Evaluation on Tourism Ecological Security in Nature Heritage Sites——Case of Kanas Nature Reserve of Xinjiang,China

The nature heritages are the precious legacy of nature with outstanding scientific and aesthetic value. They are quite different from other common ecotourism areas, because of its original and unique system, sensitive and vulnerable landscape, and peripheral cultural features. Therefore, the tourism development in the nature heritage sites should be on the premise of ecological security. The evaluation index system of tourism ecological security in nature heritage sites was constructed in this article by AHP and Delphi methods, including nature ecological security, landscape visual security and local culture ecological security, and the security thresholds of indices were also established. In the indices' weights of the evaluation model, the nature ecological security ranked the highest, followed by tourist landscape visual security and culture ecological security, which reflected the influence degree of the limited factor to tourism ecological security. Then, this paper carried out an empirical study of Kanas of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, China, which has the potential to be the World Nature Heritage. On the basis of the data attained from survey and observation on the spot, as well as questionnaire answered by tourists and local communities, the ecological security status in Kanas was evaluated. The result showed that the status of Kanas tourism ecological security was better, but there had some limiting factors. Lastly, effective measures were put forward to ensure its ecological security.

Integrated Evaluation of Ecological Security at Different Scales Using Remote Sensing: A Case Study of Zhongxian County, the Three Gorges Area, China

Based on related literature and this research, an ecological security evaluation from the pixel scale to the small watershed or county scale was presented using remote sensing data and related models. With the driver-pressure, state and exposure to pollution-response （DPSER） model as a basis, a conceptual framework of regional ecological evaluation and an index system were established. The extraction and standardization of evaluation indices were carried out with GIS techniques, an information extraction model and a data standardization model. The conversion of regional ecological security results from the pixel scale to a small watershed or county scale was obtained with an evaluation model and a scaling model. Two conceptual scale conversion models of regional ecological security from the pixel scale to the county scale were proposed： 1） scale conversion of ecological security regime results from plxel to small watershed; and 2） scale conversion from pixel to county. These research results could provide useful ideas for regional ecological security evaluation as well as ecological and environmental management.

Comprehensive evaluation of regional ecological security for land use:a case study of Yanchi County, Ningxia Province

As an abstract study conception,most researches of ecological security generally are macro-scale theoretical study with a regional,national or global perspective.Micro-scale research mainly concentrates on ecological risk,ecosystem health and ecosystem safety.In order to assess regional ecological security and to accomplish the transition from micro-scale to macro-scale research,a Driving-Function-State-Output-Respond model framework(DFSOR model) is put forward in this paper according to the analyses on regional population,society,economy,re-sources,environment and ecological risks.In empirical research an index system is set out to evaluate ecological se-curity of land use.The DFSOR model comprises f ive group of indicators:(1) driving indicators,which include social population pressure and economic pressure;(2) function indicators,which include human function,hydrodynamic function,wind function and gravity function;(3) state indicators,which include soil resources,water resources and land use/land cover;(4) output indicators,which include production output and ecological risk output;(5) response indicators,which are composed of all sorts of policies and measures for improving production of ecosystem.The method and procedure for ecological security evaluation is put forward based on DFSOR model as well.In the case study,Yanchi,the ecotone between agriculture and animal husbandry,is chosen for the study.An index system is built to evaluate ecological security based on the evaluation of regional ecological risks which including sandif ica-tion,water erosion,soil salinization,soil pollution and shortage of water.The comprehensive evaluation result shows the regional ecological security index of land use in the research area increase obviously.But it is still in the state of low-graded danger.

Conflicts Affecting Sustainable Development in West China since the Start of China’s Western Development Policy

West China provides important ecological services to the rest of the country, and has attracted great attention because of its serious ecological degradation and frequent natural disasters, and its strong connection with the industrial and economic development in East China. In order to strengthen ecological restoration and promote sustainable economic development in West China, the Chinese government adopted the Western Development Policy, which offered financial aid to and initiated a large number of projects in the region. Although many previous studies have emphasized the positive effects of ecological restoration in West China on ecological security and sustainable development of China, relatively less attention has been paid to analyzing multiple conflicts related to sustainable development in the region. This paper examines the main development goals and interests that have caused these conflicts. The authors suggest that integrated conflict management should be carried out for the sustainable development in West China.