借鉴STEAM教育理念的中国科创教材探讨

STEAM教育理念区别于传统的单科教学,是一种全新的教学理念,主要是指对学生展开全方位的综合教学,强调对学生实践运用能力的培育,属于新式教育改革的素质教学领域范畴。中国教育相较于其他国家教育而言,对学生的实践及综合学习能力培育较晚,对此,在积极引进教育理念进行教育改革和创新的同时,需不断结合我国的教育实际情况展开运用,借鉴STEAM教育理念进行中国科创教材的完善和发展。文章从STEAM教育理念的内容、定位、现阶段我国素质教育的不足及相关策略探讨如何进行我国科创教材的完善和建设。

科创债与并购债双债并举:发展中国式高收益债支持中国式现代化

发展中国式高收益债支持中国科创,要实现融资约束缓解和创新能力集聚创新链整合两大功能。本文首先分析中国现有孵化债、双创债(含可转债)和科创债的发展态势,认为应该补齐科创高收益债这个市场缺口;其次,结合国际经验分析,提出应着力发展中国科创并购债以解决中国科创中小企业风险投资退出堰塞湖问题;最后,详细讨论科创高收益债和并购债双债并举的三个关键要点(违约正常化、加深流动性和提高透明性),并提出相关政策建议。

The Intrinsic Traction Force in the Technological Development

There is an intrinsic traction force in the technological development which has various manifestations. It is from nonlinear interaction that occurs among the essential elements of technology and among the relevant technology. It is not the only decisive factor but to interweave with other tensions in the development of technology.

Process and risk analysis about enterprises technological innovation

Successful innovation is so important that enterprise scientifically manages the process and risk of technological innovation. Firstly, the process of innovation is generalized to seven stages including formation of innovation idea, investigation and evaluation, research and development, middle test, mass production, marketing and selling, after service and feedback. Secondly, the origin of risk in the process of innovation is analyzed. The purpose is to help enterprise identify risk and take countermeasure to minimize the potential loss and maximize the potential income.

A general introduction to the development of Good Laboratory Practice in China

Good laboratory practice（GLP） plays an important role in pre-clinical studies, which are a key stage in new drug research and development（R＆D）. The development of GLP in China started in the late 1990 s. Following 20 years of developments, GLP system has already been established in this country. This review firstly evaluated all the institutions in this field, and described the annual number and total number of institutions, the distribution of GLP institutions, the types of GLP institutions, and the service provided by these GLP institutions. Since the initiation of the National Key Technology R＆D Program during the 11 th Five-Year Plan, it had a significant effect on the development of GLP. Therefore, the institutions which have undertaken projects from this program will be introduced later. We also described the infrastructure of hardware and software in GLP institutions along with their faults, such as variation in development and the lack of innovation.

A traditional Chinese herbal medicine compound preparation versus interventional therapy after resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma:22-year follow-up

OBJECTIVE:To compare the long-term effectiveness of compound Ruanjianhugan(RJH)tablets and interventional therapy(IT) in patients after resection of small hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC).METHODS:A retrospective study was conducted in 399 patients after resection of small HCC who were admitted between January 1987 and December 2008 in the Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery and Center of Minimlly Invasive Surgery,First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University.Four groups were based on different therapy modes:a TCM-only(TCMO) group,a TCM combined with interventional therapy(TCM-IT) group,an interventional therapy-only(ITO) group,and a simple operation(SO) group.Prognostic factors were correlated with overall survival(OS) and OS rates were calculated with the Kaplan-Meier method,and multivariate analyses for factors affecting survival were evaluated by the Cox proportional hazard model.RESULTS:The median OS was 151.20 months in the TCM-IT group,43.87 months in the ITO group,and 20.77 months in the SO group.All survival rates of the TCMO group were higher than those of the other three groups(>50%).The 5-,10-,and 15-year OS in the TCMO and ITO patients were 83.94%,45.50%,and 71.22% and 33.34%,55.58%,and 9.26%,respectively(risk ratio,0.209;95% confidence interval,0.126-0.347;P=0.000).Multivariate analysis revealed that the independent risk factors were therapy mode(P=0.000),sex(P=0.005),family history(P=0.011),TNM Classification of Malignant Tumor staging(P=0.000),medical care-seeking behavior(P=0.021),and maximum diameter(P=0.030).CONCLUSION:Long-term oral use of compound RJH tablets may improve OS for small HCC after resection compared with IT.

Responsible Research and Innovation and Its Implications for China

Responsible research and innovation （RRI） represents a new evotvtng approach to governing research and innovation that takes into account potential impacts on the environment and society. Most published studies on RRI focus on the social benefits of research and innovation through examining RRI＇s definitions and approaches for its implementation. In contrast, the present study addresses the influence of RRI on economic growth, and discusses the situations in which RRI will benefit economies. Our study finds that for its implementation to be successful RRI needs to meet certain conditions, and that its implementation is not always beneficial to economic growth. To achieve a better result from RRI as part of an innovation policy, each country should balance the push and pull power of RRI to make sure that it becomes a building block rather than a stumbling block for innovation, economic growth and social welfare. To assure that RRI can be successfully implemented, China needs to strengthen and improve the participation mechanisms for stakeholders in major scientific and technological innovative activities.