We tested and modified the quasi-analytical algorithm （QAA） using 57 groups of field data collected in the spring of 2003 in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The QAA performs well in deriving total absorption coef...We tested and modified the quasi-analytical algorithm （QAA） using 57 groups of field data collected in the spring of 2003 in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The QAA performs well in deriving total absorption coefficients of typical coastal waters. The average percentage difference （APD） is in a range of 13.9%-38.5% for the total absorption coefficient （13.9% at 440 nm）, and differences in particle backscattering coefficient bbp（2） are less than 50% （in the case of the updated QAA）. To obtain improved results, we modified the QAA by adjusting the empirical relationships. The modified algorithm is then applied to the field data to test its performance. The APDs were 44.7%-46.6% for bbp（λ） and 9.9%-32.8% （9.9% at 555 nm） for the total absorption coefficient. This indicates that the modified QAA derives better results. We also used the modified model to derive phytoplankton pigment absorption （aph） and detritus and CDOM absorption （aug） coefficients. The APDs for aph and a dg at 440 nm are 37.1% and 19.8%. In this paper, we discuss error sources using the measured dataset. More independent field data can improve this algorithm and derive better results.展开更多
The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of using a computer-lab on oral English fluency amongst all Chinese students at Western Oregon University （WOU）. The participants are oversea Chinese graduate...The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of using a computer-lab on oral English fluency amongst all Chinese students at Western Oregon University （WOU）. The participants are oversea Chinese graduate students who take undergraduate courses at WOU, and some of them regard English as their Second Language. The study adopts the experimental design, There are total of 60 Chinese students participating in the study. The results indicate that the use of a Computer-Lab significantly improved students＇ English oral expression ability.展开更多
In this paper, the author presents an overview of the development of CALL and understanding of CALL research in recent years; and then, indicates the trend of CALL research-AR and the research on AR-could be interpret...In this paper, the author presents an overview of the development of CALL and understanding of CALL research in recent years; and then, indicates the trend of CALL research-AR and the research on AR-could be interpreted as the research framework of CALL in China by introducing the four elements of AR-involvement, improvement, systematization and publicity.展开更多
Dealing with large-scale deformations in soft-rock tunnels is a very important issue in soft-rock tunnel engineering. The mechanism of this large-scale deformation is closely related to the physical and chemical prope...Dealing with large-scale deformations in soft-rock tunnels is a very important issue in soft-rock tunnel engineering. The mechanism of this large-scale deformation is closely related to the physical and chemical properties of soft rock, interaction between soft rock and water, and interaction between soft rock and gas contained in soft rock. In order to gain a better predictive understanding of the governing principles associated with this phenomenon, we used experimental and theoretical methods to study the effects of point defect on physical and chemical properties of soft rock and mechanism of interaction between water(gas) and soft rock. Firstly, we calculated the impurity formation energies and transition energy levels of defects by using the first-principle calculation, the results showed the microscopic mechanism of defects substitution in kaolinite and effects of defects on the structure of kaolinite. Moreover,comparing the experimental and theoretical results, we found the mechanism of interaction between water and soft rock. The results show that water is one of the most important factors which can induce various kinds of geological disasters. At last, the interaction between soft rock and surrounding gas as CO2, CH4 and CO is disused, the influence of surrounding gas on soft rock should not be ignored.展开更多
Although Yin-Yang Wu-Xing （Yin-Yang and Five-Elements, subsystems of human body） has been the theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for more than 5 000 years, it has been primarily analytical or ...Although Yin-Yang Wu-Xing （Yin-Yang and Five-Elements, subsystems of human body） has been the theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for more than 5 000 years, it has been primarily analytical or empirical in nature without a formal scientific foundation. Based on bipolar set theory, an equilibrium/non-equilibrium computational model of Yin-Yang Wu-Xing is proposed. The Yin-Yang Wu-Xing dynamical systems are formulated so that equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions can be established and proved. Computer simulations of equilibrium and non-equilibrium processes show that this new approach can provide diagnostic decision support in TCM. Thus, this equilibrium-based approach provides a unique scientific basis for future research in TCM, Qi （vital energy）, QiGong, Meridians and Collaterals （acupuncture channels） and herbal treatment. On the other hand, it provides a basic Yin-Yang cellular network architecture for modem scientific research in genomics such that regulation mechanisms of the ubiquitous YY1 protein for cell processes can be explained.展开更多
In recent years, locating total lightning at the VLF/LF band has become one of the most important directions in lightning detection. The Low-frequency E-field Detection Array(LFEDA) consisting of nine fast antennas wa...In recent years, locating total lightning at the VLF/LF band has become one of the most important directions in lightning detection. The Low-frequency E-field Detection Array(LFEDA) consisting of nine fast antennas was developed by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences in Guangzhou between 2014 and 2015. This paper documents the composition of the LFEDA and a lightning-locating algorithm that applies to the low-frequency electric field radiated by lightning pulse discharge events(LPDEs). Theoretical simulation and objective assessment of the accuracy and detection efficiency of LFEDA have been done using Monte Carlo simulation and artificial triggered lightning experiment, respectively. The former results show that having a station in the network with a comparatively long baseline improves both the horizontal location accuracy in the direction perpendicular to the baseline and the vertical location accuracy along the baseline. The latter results show that detection efficiencies for triggered lightning flashes and return strokes are 100% and 95%, respectively. The average planar location error for return strokes of triggered lightning flashes is 102 m. By locating LPDEs in thunderstorms, we find that LPDEs are consistent with convective regions as indicated by strong reflectivity columns, and present a reasonable distribution in the vertical direction.In addition, the LFEDA can reveal an image of lightning development through mapping the channels of lightning. Based on three-dimensional locations, the vertical propagation speed of the preliminary breakdown and the changing trend of the leader's speed in an intra-cloud and a cloud-to-ground flash are investigated. The research results show that the LFEDA has the capability for three-dimensional location of lightning, which provides a new technique for researching lightning development characteristics and thunderstorm electricity.展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos.40706060,60802089)the National High Technology Research and Development Program of China (863 Program) (No.2007AA092102)the Dragon Project (No.5292)
文摘We tested and modified the quasi-analytical algorithm （QAA） using 57 groups of field data collected in the spring of 2003 in the Yellow Sea and East China Sea. The QAA performs well in deriving total absorption coefficients of typical coastal waters. The average percentage difference （APD） is in a range of 13.9%-38.5% for the total absorption coefficient （13.9% at 440 nm）, and differences in particle backscattering coefficient bbp（2） are less than 50% （in the case of the updated QAA）. To obtain improved results, we modified the QAA by adjusting the empirical relationships. The modified algorithm is then applied to the field data to test its performance. The APDs were 44.7%-46.6% for bbp（λ） and 9.9%-32.8% （9.9% at 555 nm） for the total absorption coefficient. This indicates that the modified QAA derives better results. We also used the modified model to derive phytoplankton pigment absorption （aph） and detritus and CDOM absorption （aug） coefficients. The APDs for aph and a dg at 440 nm are 37.1% and 19.8%. In this paper, we discuss error sources using the measured dataset. More independent field data can improve this algorithm and derive better results.
文摘The purpose of this study is to assess the effectiveness of using a computer-lab on oral English fluency amongst all Chinese students at Western Oregon University （WOU）. The participants are oversea Chinese graduate students who take undergraduate courses at WOU, and some of them regard English as their Second Language. The study adopts the experimental design, There are total of 60 Chinese students participating in the study. The results indicate that the use of a Computer-Lab significantly improved students＇ English oral expression ability.
文摘In this paper, the author presents an overview of the development of CALL and understanding of CALL research in recent years; and then, indicates the trend of CALL research-AR and the research on AR-could be interpreted as the research framework of CALL in China by introducing the four elements of AR-involvement, improvement, systematization and publicity.
基金supported by the Program for Changjiang Scholars and Innovative Research Team in University of China (No. IRT0656)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 40972196 and 41172263)
文摘Dealing with large-scale deformations in soft-rock tunnels is a very important issue in soft-rock tunnel engineering. The mechanism of this large-scale deformation is closely related to the physical and chemical properties of soft rock, interaction between soft rock and water, and interaction between soft rock and gas contained in soft rock. In order to gain a better predictive understanding of the governing principles associated with this phenomenon, we used experimental and theoretical methods to study the effects of point defect on physical and chemical properties of soft rock and mechanism of interaction between water(gas) and soft rock. Firstly, we calculated the impurity formation energies and transition energy levels of defects by using the first-principle calculation, the results showed the microscopic mechanism of defects substitution in kaolinite and effects of defects on the structure of kaolinite. Moreover,comparing the experimental and theoretical results, we found the mechanism of interaction between water and soft rock. The results show that water is one of the most important factors which can induce various kinds of geological disasters. At last, the interaction between soft rock and surrounding gas as CO2, CH4 and CO is disused, the influence of surrounding gas on soft rock should not be ignored.
文摘Although Yin-Yang Wu-Xing （Yin-Yang and Five-Elements, subsystems of human body） has been the theoretical basis of traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） for more than 5 000 years, it has been primarily analytical or empirical in nature without a formal scientific foundation. Based on bipolar set theory, an equilibrium/non-equilibrium computational model of Yin-Yang Wu-Xing is proposed. The Yin-Yang Wu-Xing dynamical systems are formulated so that equilibrium and non-equilibrium conditions can be established and proved. Computer simulations of equilibrium and non-equilibrium processes show that this new approach can provide diagnostic decision support in TCM. Thus, this equilibrium-based approach provides a unique scientific basis for future research in TCM, Qi （vital energy）, QiGong, Meridians and Collaterals （acupuncture channels） and herbal treatment. On the other hand, it provides a basic Yin-Yang cellular network architecture for modem scientific research in genomics such that regulation mechanisms of the ubiquitous YY1 protein for cell processes can be explained.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.41675005,91537290&41275008)the Basic Research Fund of Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences(Grant Nos.2016Z002&2015Z006)
文摘In recent years, locating total lightning at the VLF/LF band has become one of the most important directions in lightning detection. The Low-frequency E-field Detection Array(LFEDA) consisting of nine fast antennas was developed by the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences in Guangzhou between 2014 and 2015. This paper documents the composition of the LFEDA and a lightning-locating algorithm that applies to the low-frequency electric field radiated by lightning pulse discharge events(LPDEs). Theoretical simulation and objective assessment of the accuracy and detection efficiency of LFEDA have been done using Monte Carlo simulation and artificial triggered lightning experiment, respectively. The former results show that having a station in the network with a comparatively long baseline improves both the horizontal location accuracy in the direction perpendicular to the baseline and the vertical location accuracy along the baseline. The latter results show that detection efficiencies for triggered lightning flashes and return strokes are 100% and 95%, respectively. The average planar location error for return strokes of triggered lightning flashes is 102 m. By locating LPDEs in thunderstorms, we find that LPDEs are consistent with convective regions as indicated by strong reflectivity columns, and present a reasonable distribution in the vertical direction.In addition, the LFEDA can reveal an image of lightning development through mapping the channels of lightning. Based on three-dimensional locations, the vertical propagation speed of the preliminary breakdown and the changing trend of the leader's speed in an intra-cloud and a cloud-to-ground flash are investigated. The research results show that the LFEDA has the capability for three-dimensional location of lightning, which provides a new technique for researching lightning development characteristics and thunderstorm electricity.
