论与谢野晶子的中国缘与中国观

在考察近代中日文化交流史的过程中,与谢野晶子是一位不容忽视的典型人物。她不仅是最早被译介到中国的日本文人之一,也是20世纪20年代来华旅游的为数不多的日本女性。与谢野晶子撰写过多篇涉华评论文章,其中体现了颇具时代特色的中国观。通过探讨与谢野晶子的中国缘与中国观,既可发现她“被译介”“被邀请”等被动事实,亦可看出她关心中日局势、关注日本在华利益的主动姿态,最终梳理出她与中国之间“被动”与“主动”相互叠加与彼此交错的复杂关系。

杂糅与超越:形象学视域下的考琳·麦卡洛小说《呼唤》之中国缘

从形象学入手,对澳大利亚女作家考琳·麦卡洛的小说《呼唤》中跨文化语境下充满杂糅性的中国元素进行文本解读,从中透视中西文化的差异、冲突与交融,并期望在全球化语境下实现国家间平等的文化交流。

门捷列夫的中国缘和中国观

俄国著名化学家门捷列夫一生关注中国,多次发表中国问题论著,表达他对中国文化和中俄关系的认识。他肯定中国的悠久历史和灿烂文明,赞赏中国人民的优良传统和高尚品格,相信中国即将迎来新生和强盛,而他所鼓吹的俄中友好和俄中联盟不过是建立在无视俄国侵华事实和牺牲中国利益基础上的一种幻想。门捷列夫的中国问题著述对于认识19世纪末20世纪初俄国知识分子的中国观念具有重要价值。

追寻“中国梦”的外国人——跨文化纪实节目《中国缘·爱上中国》创新解析

央视中文国际频道2018年国庆特别节目《中国缘·爱上中国》,以来自异国的10位普通人为记录对象,用电视镜头将他们在中国的深度体验和真实感受娓娓道来,不仅从国际化视角巧妙反映中国改革开放40年巨大成就,而且展示了源远流长的中华传统优秀文化,向世界传递文化之美,体现中国的文化自信。本文梳理这档节目在选题策划、叙事策略和思想传达等方面的创作规律,总结其在增进跨文化交流和中国文化传播方面的价值,力求为提升对外传播效果提供思路。

中国近缘野生大麦醇溶蛋白的遗传多态性研究

随机选取来源于中国西藏 2 4个不同行政县的 181份近缘野生大麦材料 ,其中包括 4 7份六棱野生大麦、134份二棱野生大麦。选用青藏高原的二棱野生大麦 (W2 )、欧洲的代表品种 Betzes大麦及以色列的二棱野生大麦(Is)作对照。利用 A- PAGE(Acidic- polyacrylam ide gel electrophoresis)法进行了醇溶蛋白遗传多态性的研究。结果表明 ,184份供试材料共得到 6 0种不同的电泳图谱 ,说明西藏近缘野生大麦醇溶蛋白遗传多态性非常丰富。其中有38种图谱为单一材料所独有 ,以 ZYM0 0 19和 ZYM14 88材料为代表的 2种醇溶蛋白图谱占供试材料的 2 9.3% ,在西藏分布较为普遍。聚类分析表明地理环境相似的地区有着相似的图谱类型 ,图谱类型与地理生态环境具有一定的相关性。讨论了中国近缘野生大麦醇溶蛋白的多态性与地理分布的关系 。

新时代中国国家形象建构与国际传播策略——以纪录片《中国缘·传播者》为例

2022年8月,纪录片《中国缘·传播者》在中央广播电视总台央视中文国际频道播出。该片选取资深外籍媒体人作为叙事主体,运用国际化叙事视角,在展现中外文化交流互鉴的基础上,构筑起为人民谋幸福、承担大国责任、具有科技创新力、历史悠久的中国国家形象。分析该片的国际传播及国家形象建构策略,对于探索我国纪录片如何突破中外文化隔阂、促进广泛的国际理解和认同具有重要的现实意义与价值。

中西情感一线牵 大国情怀世界扬——简析《中国缘·爱上中国》叙事特色

2018年是我国改革开放40周年,以此为契机,央视中文国际频道于国庆期间推出《中国缘·爱上中国》系列节目,掀起了一股弘扬中国传统文化的热潮。该节目以纪录片(纪实节目)的形式,围绕中西结缘的主线,通过叙事话语脉络讲述外国人在中国发生的一个个感人生活故事,传递了中国开放、包容、友好的民族特点,展现出博大精深的中华文化,并弘扬了大国情怀。

论中国古代“缘情说”之发展演变过程与表现方式

中国古代“缘情说”有着自身独特的发展演变过程与表现方式。其以魏晋为分界,魏晋之前“缘情说”虽有显现,但“情”的表现毕竟有限,自魏晋之后,“缘情说”的发展达到新的高度。在“缘情说”发展演变的过程中,具有中国特色的文化背景和时代特点展现着独特风貌,天人合一的文化底蕴也为其发展提供了思想基础。同时,以诗词、小说、戏曲为主要表现形式的“缘情说”对后世文化产生了深远的影响。

外向经济环流中国际市场开拓策略——西部双向经济环流开发战略新构想(之三)

双向经济环流战略的实施,意味着首先必须向西开拓一个空间广阔、富有潜力的国际市场,作为外向环流的转换机制,实现西部轻工优势和市场所在地区重工优势的互相转换,以触发其后一系列转换,从而完成环流过程。因此,开拓国际市场对于整个环流来说是一个启动源和推动器,是双向经济环流战略实施的首要的关键的步骤。

双向经济环流:一个全新的发展战略——关于西部经济发展战略的对话

吴:上次对话发表后,在读者之中产生了一定的反响,(指本刊上期发表的《西部开发:重工业能膺重任吗》一文——编者。)许多人表示对您的观点很感兴趣。为了进一步活跃思想.更好地促进参政议政工作的开展。我们想就有关西部发展的问题与您做进一步交流。 董:当然可以,我愿意将我的想法表达出来,供读者参考、批评。 吴:上次对话您否定了在西部地区优先发展重工业这一主流观点。

Black carbon and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in surface sediments of China’s marginal seas

This study investigates the distribution of black carbon （BC） and its correlation with total polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons （EPAH） in the surface sediments of China＇s marginal seas. BC content ranges from 〈0.10 to 2.45 mg/g dw （grams dry weight） in the sediments studied, and varied among the different coastal regions. The Bohai Bay sediments had the highest BC contents （average 2.18 mg/g dw）, which comprises a significant fraction （27%-41%） of the total organic carbon （TOC） preserved in the sediments. In comparison, BC in the surface sediments of the North Yellow Sea, Jiaozhou Bay, East China Sea and the South China Sea is less abundant and accounted for an average of 6%, 8%, 14% and 5%, respectively, of the sedimentary organic carbon pool. The concentration of EPAH in the surface sediments ranges from 41 to 3 667 ng/g dw and showed large spatial variations among the sampling sites of different costal regions. The Bohai Bay has the highest ZPAH values, ranging from 79 to 3 667 ng/g dw. This reflects the high anthropogenically contaminated nature of the sediments in the bay. BC is positively correlated to TOC but a strong correlation is not found between BC and ZPAH in the surface sediments studied, suggesting that BC and PAHs preserved in the sediments are derived from different sources and controlled by different biogeochemical processes. Our study suggests that the abundance of BC preserved in the sediments could represent a significant sink pool of carbon cycling in China＇s marginal seas.

Modeling Patch Characteristics of Farmland Loss for Site Assessment in Urban Fringe of Beijing, China

Farmland protection and delimitation in the urban fringe considers not only natural factors but also the spatial characters and site factors. Taking Daxing District, Beijing in China as a case study, this paper used landscape ecology and power-law methods to ana- lyze and evaluate farmland loss during the period of 2004~2007 based on the interpretation results of SPOT5 remote sensing images in 2004 and 2007. At the patch level, we selected four landscape indices, namely patch size, shape index, the nearest neighbor distance between farmland and construction land （including residential land and other construction land）, and cropping type, to evaluate the risk of farmland loss and establish a farmland site analysis indicator system. The results showed that patch size and shape index have a sig- nificant positive correlation with farmland loss, whereas the distance to construction land has a clear negative correlation with farmland loss. As regards cropping type, fallow farmland is much easier for non-agriculUlral use than cultivated farmland. The relative transition ratio among vegetable land, fallow farmland and cultivated farmland is 1 ： 5.6 ： 1. The patch size of lost farmland follows a power-law distribution, indicating that not only small parcels but also large parcels can be lost. Patch size less than 4 ha or more than 15 ha is in high loss risk, between 4 ha and 10 ha in medium loss risk, and larger than 10 ha and less than 15 ha in low risk. Farmland with a more regular shape has a higher likelihood of loss. Patch shape index less than 2.0 is in high loss risk, between 2.0 and 3.0 in medium loss risk, and larger than 3.0 in low risk. Construction land has a varying impact on farmland loss, the residential land effeeted distance is 1000 m, and that of the other construction land is 2000 m. This analysis showed the relationships between site factors and farmland loss, and the analysis framework can provide support and reference for farmland protection and delimitation of prime farmland in China.

Eight species of Pachyneuron Walker (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae) from China, with descriptions of two new species

Eight species of Pachyneuron Walker are recognized from China. Among them, two new species, P. kashiensis Huang ＆ Xu, sp. nov. and P. trichon Huang ＆ Xu, sp. nov., are described and illustrated. P. concolor F？rster is a new Chinese record. A key to the eight species in this genus and new host data are provided.

Holocene activity evidence on the southeast boundary fault of Heqing basin, middle segment of Heqing-Eryuan fault zone, West Yunnan Province, China

The Heqing-Eryuan fault is an important part of the active fault system in the Northwestern Yunnan Province, China. Thus, the study on the nature, characteristics and activity history of this fault can provide not only the basis for seismic safety and engineering evaluation, but also the important information for the characteristics, history and patterns of the structural deformation of the southeastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau. Trench and faulted landforms investigations could provide effective paleoseismic methods to obtain the recent parameters of active faults. Using these methods, this study makes some breakthroughs on the recent activity of southeast boundary fault of the Heqing basin, middle segment of Heqing-Eryuan fault zone. Results indicate that the average vertical slip rate and left-lateral slip rate of the segment are about 0.28 mm/a and 1.8o mm/a respectively since the Late Pleistocene. The trench near the Beixi Village at the .outhea.t houndnrv fault of the lqaaing basinreveals that there have been at least three paleoearthquake events during the Holocene （8 ka BP）. The vertical displacement and sinistral strike-slip distance of a single paleoearthquake are ~20 cm and -1.2 m, respectively. The estimated paleoearthquake magnitudes with Ms7.o, and the recurrence interval at 2-5 ka, as well as the latest activity time during 800- 290 ca1 yr BP, are of great significance for preventing and mitigating regional earthquake disasters.

Evaluation of an ocean data assimilation system for Chinese marginal seas with a focus on the South China Sea

Data assimilation is a powerful tool to improve ocean forecasting by reducing uncertainties in forecast initial conditions.Recently,an ocean data assimilation system based on the ensemble optimal interpolation(EnOI) scheme and HYbrid Coordinate Ocean Model(HYCOM) for marginal seas around China was developed.This system can assimilate both satellite observations of sea surface temperature(SST) and along-track sea level anomaly(SLA) data.The purpose of this study was to evaluate the performance of the system.Two experiments were performed,which spanned a 3-year period from January 1,2004 to December 30,2006,with and without data assimilation.The data assimilation results were promising,with a positive impact on the modeled fields.The SST and SLA were clearly improved in terms of bias and root mean square error over the whole domain.In addition,the assimilations provided improvements in some regions to the surface field where mesoscale processes are not well simulated by the model.Comparisons with surface drifter trajectories showed that assimilated SST and SLA also better represent surface currents,with drifter trajectories fitting better to the contours of SLA field than that without assimilation.The forecasting capacity of this assimilation system was also evaluated through a case study of a birth-and-death process of an anticyclone eddy in the Northern South China Sea(NSCS),in which the anticyclone eddy was successfully hindcasted by the assimilation system.This study suggests the data assimilation system gives reasonable descriptions of the near-surface ocean state and can be applied to forecast mesoscale ocean processes in the marginal seas around China.

Interdecadal variations of surface winds over China marginal seas

Long term variability in the surface winds over the marginal seas of China is examined with a dominant-mode singular value decomposition method. Both interannual and interdecadal patterns are found to be seasonally and spatially dependent, with reanalyses and satellite remote sensing data yielding highly consistent results. The study reveals that summer monsoon winds over the East China Sea experienced an interdecadal weakening in the late 1960s and began a persistent recovery in 2005. The study also shows gradual weakening of the winter monsoon in the southern South China Sea by more than 2m/s since the 1960s, with corroboration from coastal climate stations in Borneo. This phenomenon has not been reported in previous monsoon studies.

An Exploratory Analysis of Vegetation Strategies to Reduce Shallow Landslide Activity on Loess Hillslopes, Northeast Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, China

Heavy summer rainfall induces significant soil erosion and shallow landslide activity on the loess hillslopes of the Xining Basin at the northeast margin of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. This study examines the mechanical effects of five native shrubs that can be used to reduce shallow landslide activity. We measured single root tensile resistance and shear resistance, root anatomical structure and direct shear and triaxial shear for soil without roots and five root- soil composite systems. Results show that Atriplex canescens （Pursh） Nutt. possessed the strongest roots, followed by Caragana korshinskii Kom., Zygophyllum xanthoxylon （Bunge） Maxim., Nitraria tangutorum Bobr. and Lycium chinense Mill. Single root strength and shear resistance relationships with root diameter are characterized by power or exponential relations, consistent with the Mohr- Coulomb law. Root mechanical strength reflects their anatomical structure, especially the percentage of phloem and xylem cells, and the degree and speed of periderm lignifications. The cohesion force of root- soil composite systems is notably higher than that of soil without roots, with increasing amplitudes of cohesion force for A. canescens, C. korshinskii, Z. xanthoxylon, N. tangutorurn and L. chinense of 75.9%, 75.1%, 36.2%, 24.6% and 17.0 % respectively. When subjected to shear forces, the soil without root samples show much greater lateral deformation thanthe root-soil composite systems, reflecting the restraining effects of roots. Findings from this paper indicate that efforts to reduce shallow landslides in this region by enhancing root reinforcement will be achieved most effectively using A. canescens and C. korshinskii.

遗传 育种

Z001037 中国近缘野生大麦的 RAPD 分析与进化途径探讨/陈新平,闫玲…(武汉大学生命科学学院)∥植物学报.-2000,42(2).-179～183采用 RAPD 技术对12份中国近缘野生大麦和栽培大麦、1份多年生短芒大麦草进行了分析。63个随机引物中有36个能产生285个稳定的扩增产物,其中219个产物具多态性。将每个扩增产物看作一个独立的性状。