“一带一路”战略视域下的中非天然气合作

当前,天然气合作已成为中非合作新的重要领域。通过梳理和分析中非间天然气贸易与投资情况、中国能源进口形势、国际油气市场态势等领域的数据和文献,笔者认为,通过加强非洲天然气供应地保障、促进中非天然气贸易、提升对非天然气投资水平、鼓励中非天然气领域的经验与智力交流等手段,可以极大地拓展我国"一带一路"战略实施的广度与深度。要实现这一目标,需要我国油气企业充分把握国际能源格局转型、中国能源企业国际化、中非能源合作升温以及"一带一路"战略配套政策等带来的机遇,进一步深化中非间天然气合作力度。当然,在这一过程中,我国油气企业必须妥善应对不利的投资环境、严峻的安全局势与外部竞争形势带来的各种挑战。

Sources and Flows of Embodied CO_2 Emissions in Import and Export Trade of China

This paper uses the Global Trade Analysis Project(version 7)database to calculate embodied CO2emissions in bilateral trade between China and other countries(regions)based on input-output methods.The sources and flows of embodied CO2emissions in import and export trade of China are analyzed.Results show that the flows of embodied CO2emissions in export trade are highly concentrated.The main flows to the United States(US)and Japan account for 1/4 and 1/7 of the total CO2emissions in export trade,respectively.Concentrated flows of total exports and small differences in export structure are the main reasons for the highly concentrated export trade.The sources of embodied CO2emissions in import trade have relatively low concentration.Taiwan Province of China,Hong Kong Special Administrative Region of China,US,Russia,Republic of Korea,and Japan account for around 7.72%–12.67%of the total embodied CO2emissions in import trade.The relative dispersion of import sources,the impact of the import structure,and the level of production technology in importing countries caused low concentration of CO2emissions in import trade.Overall,the embodied CO2emissions in the export trade of China are higher than those in import trade.As a result,production-based CO2emissions are higher than consumption-based CO2emissions.The difference of 8.96×108t of CO2,which comes mainly from the US,Japan,Germany,and the United Kingdom,accounts for 58.70%of the total difference.Some suggestions,such as improving energy efficiency,alerting high carbon-intensive industries transfer,expanding the market for sharing risks,and prompting the accounting system of consumption-based CO2emissions,are proposed based on the results.

Analysis of the Energy Embodied in Foreign Goods Trade of China

In recent years,scientists have been increasingly interested in the energy embodied in traded goods among countries.In this article,the direct energy intensities in various economic sectors of China were calculated with the data of energy consumption and output value of each sector,and the input-output table was used to estimate the external energy consumption.The total energy intensity of all sectors was then obtained.From the data of international trade,the energy embodied in goods trade of China was estimated for the period of 1994-2001.During this period,the average energy intensity of imported goods was always higher than that of exported ones.As a country with a surplus in international goods trade,China actually imported net embodied energy in the past few years.The net embodied energy imported was at the same magnitude of the imported energy in the form of fossil fuels.

Analysis of China's Strategy for Future Energy Development

China has quickly risen to the top ranks in global energy demand over the past few years.China is the world’s second-largest oil consumer behind the United States and became the largest global energy consumer in2010. The country was a net oil exporter until the early 1990s and became the world＇s second-largest net importer of crude oil and petroleum products in 2009. Then the country became the world＇s largest oil importer in 2014. Meanwhile, China＇s oil consumption growth accounted for one-third of the world＇s oil consumntion growth

Study on China＇s Economic Vulnerability to Energy Import Using Decomposition Method

Vulnerability means the degree to which that a system is susceptible to suffer damage. This paper focuses on the economic vulnerability to risk of energy import by employing ratio of net energy import to GDP as indicator, and decomposes the vulnerability change into effects of energy import, structure and intensity in order to find out key factors that influence economic security to energy import. Decomposition analysis on China indicates that effect of rising energy import takes more than 90 percent of total vulnerability change during the last 10 years, along with insignificant effect of structural change and intensity decline. International analysis on cross- section data of net energy importers also presents the positive relationship between external energy dependence and economic vulnerability. However, results of America show that long-term effect of energy intensity is much larger than China from 1954 to 2007, which is 70.8% of its total vulnerability change. Experience from developed countries confirms the necessary and validity of improving energy efficiency on depressing economic vulnerability to energy import, which provides lessons for the energy development of China.