Flavonoids were the most important secondary metabolites in celery (Apium graveolens L.).In this study,the flavonoid (apigenin and luteolin) contents of leaves and petioles in 44 Chinese celery varieties,an Americ...Flavonoids were the most important secondary metabolites in celery (Apium graveolens L.).In this study,the flavonoid (apigenin and luteolin) contents of leaves and petioles in 44 Chinese celery varieties,an American celery variety ‘Ventura' and an European celery variety ‘Princer' were assayed by reversed-phase high-perfor mance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).The results showed that significant differences in the apigenin and luteolin contents of the leaves and petioles were found among 46 celery varieties,and the variation coefficients of leaf apigenin content,leaf luteolin content,leaf flavonoid content,petiole apigenin content,petiole luteolin content and petiole flavonoid content were 30%,10%,30%,20%,30% and 20%,respectively.There was no correlation between the leaf flavonoid content and petiole flavonoid content.The apigenin content was about 18 to 50 times of luteolin in celery leaf and about 19 to 40 times of luteolin in celery petiole.The flavonoids in most of the Chinese celery varieties were higher than in ‘Ventura' and ‘Princer'.The flavonoid contents of Chinese celery varieties from the Yangtze Valley and southern China were higher than those from northern China.Our results suggested that Chinese celery varieties with high petiole apigenin contents could be used for vegetable breeding because the petiole was the main edible part,and Chinese celery varieties with high leaf apigenin contents could be used for apigenin production.展开更多
The urban agriculture park plan involves urban plan, agricultural plan, eco- logical plan, tourism plan and land plan, which can be further divided into strategic plan, general plan and detail plan to explore related ...The urban agriculture park plan involves urban plan, agricultural plan, eco- logical plan, tourism plan and land plan, which can be further divided into strategic plan, general plan and detail plan to explore related issues. With social develop- ment, urban agricultural park is playing an increasingly important role in promoting agricultural and rural development, protecting nearby area farmlands and maintaining sustainable development, as well as an important part of government research. Based on status quo of urban agricultural park in China, basic characters were summarized and frameworks of urban agricultural park with Chinese characteristics were proposed, including early-stage research, prospect exploration, spatial planning, industry planning and guarantees, of which spatial planning and industry planning are highlights.展开更多
Over the past decade,national standard and industry standard of bio-fertilizer have been gradually established in China. Moreover,the microbial fertilizer standard system with Chinese characteristics has been firstly ...Over the past decade,national standard and industry standard of bio-fertilizer have been gradually established in China. Moreover,the microbial fertilizer standard system with Chinese characteristics has been firstly established by China in the world. Development of bio-fertilizer standard,especially the amplification and modification of bio-fertilizer product standard and the construction of bio-fertilizer standard system,etc. were summarized in this paper. Meanwhile,relative suggestions of existing problems were put forward.展开更多
To analyze the constituents of essential oil from Chinese eaglewood [resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg] and its anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity. The essential oil wa...To analyze the constituents of essential oil from Chinese eaglewood [resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg] and its anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity. The essential oil was extracted by water-steam distillation and analyzed by GC/MS method. The relative contents of the compounds were determined by normalization. The compounds were characterized by NIST05 and WILEY275L database matching and comparison of their MS spectra with those of literature data. Antibacterial activity of the oil was assayed by the filter paper disc agar diffusion method. The oil showed significant antibacterial activity against MRSA. Sixty-six chromatographic peaks were detected, among them thirty compounds comprising 59.80% of the total essential oil were characterized. Twenty-six compounds comprising 54.26% of the oil were identified as sesquiterpenes. β-Agarofuran (8.96%), kusunol (7.82%), (-)-jinkoh-eremol (5.04%), agarospirol (4.53%), baimuxifuranic acid (4.09%) were the major sesquiterpenes. Four nor-sesquiterpenes and some other sesquiterpenes, such as 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, α-agarofuran, epi-ligulyl oxide, etc. were detected in Chinese eaglewood oil for the first time. This is the first report about anti-MRSA activity of Chinese eaglewood oil from A. sinensis.展开更多
Using VAR-DCC-GARCH model,the literature on commodity price was extended by exploring the co-movement between Chinese nonferrous metal prices and global nonferrous metal prices represented by the nonferrous metal pric...Using VAR-DCC-GARCH model,the literature on commodity price was extended by exploring the co-movement between Chinese nonferrous metal prices and global nonferrous metal prices represented by the nonferrous metal prices from London Metal Exchange(LME).The results show that LME nonferrous metals prices still have a greater impact on Chinese nonferrous metals prices.However,the impact of Chinese nonferrous metals prices on LME nonferrous metals prices is still weak except for lead price.The co-movement of nonferrous metal prices between LME and China presents hysteretic nature,and it lasts for 7-8trading days.Furthermore,the co-movement between LME nonferrous metals prices and Chinese nonferrous metals prices has the characteristics of time-varying,and the correlation of lead prices between LME and China is the more stable than all other nonferrous metals prices.展开更多
The majority of multinational enterprises (MNEs) traditionally originate from developed countries. In the last ten years, however, there has been dramatic growth in foreign direct investment (FDI) from China. It i...The majority of multinational enterprises (MNEs) traditionally originate from developed countries. In the last ten years, however, there has been dramatic growth in foreign direct investment (FDI) from China. It is a comparatively new phenomenon that challenges the classic FDI theories. In this paper, we review the pros and cons of two important theories, known as the Owner- ship-Location-Internalization (0LI) model and Linkage-Leverage-Learning (LLL) model, and use the statistical data and company case studies from China to test the plausibility of these two models. We believe that neither of them suits totally: the OLI model is quite use- fill for understanding FDI from China to developing economies, while the LLL model is more powerful for explaining the FDI to de- veloped economies. We argue that the companies from China attain a very advantageous position as intermediates in the global economy They may catch up with the first movers if they integrate OLI-led and LLL-led FDI within one firm. This combination can bring to- gether the most advanced knowledge acquired in developed economies with the knowledge about adaptation needs and the needs for cost reduction in production as expressed in developing economies. It may also accelerate the knowledge transfer globally. We thus fill a gap in research into the geographical pattern of Chinese FDI and offer a deeper understanding of the internationalization of Chinese MNEs and revolving knowledge transfer.展开更多
A set of 132 accessions of commonmillet, Panicum miliaceum L., from12 provinces of China were assessed for endosperm starch type (waxy or non-waxy) using I2-KI staining, amylose and amylopectin contents using the du...A set of 132 accessions of commonmillet, Panicum miliaceum L., from12 provinces of China were assessed for endosperm starch type (waxy or non-waxy) using I2-KI staining, amylose and amylopectin contents using the dual-wavelength colorimetric method, and genotype of Waxygenes conditioning amylose content by gene sequencing. Endosperm starch content varied from 57.69% to 74.70%, while the amylose and amylopectin contents of the starch ranged from 0 to 23.29% and from 41.99% to 70.24%, respectively. Sequencing two Wx genes, including Wx-L (intron 5-exon 7 and intron 8–9) andWx-S (exon 9–intron 10) revealed several polymorphisms (S0, S?15, LC, LF, LY). Marker M5-R11 linking to the Wx-S gene may be used to discriminate waxy common millet accessions from non-waxy ones. Among the 132 accessions, 68 with the S?15 allele had waxy endosperm starch with the amylose content range 0–2.58% and 64 accessions with the S0 allele had non-waxy endosperm starch with amylose content range 3.94%–23.29%. Five genotypes including So15/LF (45% of the accessions), S0/LF (25%), S0/LY (12%), S0/LC (11%), and S?15/LY (7%) were identified. Six new SNPs were detected at the Wx-L locus. These results will facilitate common millet breeding, especially of cultivars free of amylose.展开更多
After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese people have been struggling against poverty amid national development under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC). Since reform and open...After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese people have been struggling against poverty amid national development under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC). Since reform and opening up, in particular, China has planned for and organized development-oriented poverty reduction practices on a broad scale with remarkable achievements and blazed a new path of development-oriented poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics. This path is both an essential component of Chinese socialism and a result of the CPC’s ideological improvement on poverty reduction. Since the 18 th CPC National Congress in 2012, the whole Party, country, and society have been called upon to fight the battle against poverty on a full-scale under the guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important statements on poverty reduction, unveiling a new stage for China’s development-oriented poverty reduction in the new era. China’s unprecedented poverty reduction achievements have enriched the path of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics. Xi Jinping’s insightful and coherent statements on poverty reduction represent the latest results of Marxist anti-poverty theories and comprise an essential part of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era. His guidelines are the basis for the brilliant achievements of China’s poverty reduction endeavors, and will contribute Chinese experience and wisdom to global poverty governance.展开更多
A new record of Platycephalus sp.1 (sensu Nakabo, 2002) was documented based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding. We collected 174 specimens of the genus Platycephalus from Chinese coastal waters of Dongyi...A new record of Platycephalus sp.1 (sensu Nakabo, 2002) was documented based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding. We collected 174 specimens of the genus Platycephalus from Chinese coastal waters of Dongying, Qingdao, Zhoushan, and Beihai. Samples were identified as Platycephalus sp. 1 morphologically. The coloration, meristic traits, and morphometric measurements are consistent with previously published records. In brief, it is an orange-brown flathead fish with dark brown spots scattered on head and body, lateral line scales 83 to 99 with one or two spine-bearing anteriormost pored scale, no yellow blotch on the caudal fin. Cytochrome oxidase I subunit (COI) gene fragments were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. The mean evolutionary distance within the species Platycephalus sp. 1 was 0.1%. Net evolutionary distances between Platycephalus sp. 1 and other species of Platycephalus ranged from 10.8% to 19.7%, which is much greater than the threshold for species delimitation. The COl sequence analysis strongly supports the validity ofPlatyceohalus sp. 1 at genetic level.展开更多
基金Supported by Shanghai Green Vegetable Industrial Technology SystemKey Scienceand Technology Research Program of Science and Technology Commission of Shanghai Municipality(12391900900)+1 种基金Innovation Project of Science and Technology Foundation of Pudong New District(PKQ2012-03)Special Fund for Agro-scientific Research in the Public Interest(201403032)~~
文摘Flavonoids were the most important secondary metabolites in celery (Apium graveolens L.).In this study,the flavonoid (apigenin and luteolin) contents of leaves and petioles in 44 Chinese celery varieties,an American celery variety ‘Ventura' and an European celery variety ‘Princer' were assayed by reversed-phase high-perfor mance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC).The results showed that significant differences in the apigenin and luteolin contents of the leaves and petioles were found among 46 celery varieties,and the variation coefficients of leaf apigenin content,leaf luteolin content,leaf flavonoid content,petiole apigenin content,petiole luteolin content and petiole flavonoid content were 30%,10%,30%,20%,30% and 20%,respectively.There was no correlation between the leaf flavonoid content and petiole flavonoid content.The apigenin content was about 18 to 50 times of luteolin in celery leaf and about 19 to 40 times of luteolin in celery petiole.The flavonoids in most of the Chinese celery varieties were higher than in ‘Ventura' and ‘Princer'.The flavonoid contents of Chinese celery varieties from the Yangtze Valley and southern China were higher than those from northern China.Our results suggested that Chinese celery varieties with high petiole apigenin contents could be used for vegetable breeding because the petiole was the main edible part,and Chinese celery varieties with high leaf apigenin contents could be used for apigenin production.
文摘The urban agriculture park plan involves urban plan, agricultural plan, eco- logical plan, tourism plan and land plan, which can be further divided into strategic plan, general plan and detail plan to explore related issues. With social develop- ment, urban agricultural park is playing an increasingly important role in promoting agricultural and rural development, protecting nearby area farmlands and maintaining sustainable development, as well as an important part of government research. Based on status quo of urban agricultural park in China, basic characters were summarized and frameworks of urban agricultural park with Chinese characteristics were proposed, including early-stage research, prospect exploration, spatial planning, industry planning and guarantees, of which spatial planning and industry planning are highlights.
基金Supported by Guangdong Provincial Science and Technology Project(2007B080401018)~~
文摘Over the past decade,national standard and industry standard of bio-fertilizer have been gradually established in China. Moreover,the microbial fertilizer standard system with Chinese characteristics has been firstly established by China in the world. Development of bio-fertilizer standard,especially the amplification and modification of bio-fertilizer product standard and the construction of bio-fertilizer standard system,etc. were summarized in this paper. Meanwhile,relative suggestions of existing problems were put forward.
基金Foundation items:National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2007CB 116306)Science and Technology Foundation of Chinese Academy of Tropical Agricultural Sciences(Grant No.RKY0726)National Nonproft Institute Research Grant of CATAS-ITBB(Grant No.ITBBZDO743).
文摘To analyze the constituents of essential oil from Chinese eaglewood [resinous wood of Aquilaria sinensis (Lour.) Gilg] and its anti-methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) activity. The essential oil was extracted by water-steam distillation and analyzed by GC/MS method. The relative contents of the compounds were determined by normalization. The compounds were characterized by NIST05 and WILEY275L database matching and comparison of their MS spectra with those of literature data. Antibacterial activity of the oil was assayed by the filter paper disc agar diffusion method. The oil showed significant antibacterial activity against MRSA. Sixty-six chromatographic peaks were detected, among them thirty compounds comprising 59.80% of the total essential oil were characterized. Twenty-six compounds comprising 54.26% of the oil were identified as sesquiterpenes. β-Agarofuran (8.96%), kusunol (7.82%), (-)-jinkoh-eremol (5.04%), agarospirol (4.53%), baimuxifuranic acid (4.09%) were the major sesquiterpenes. Four nor-sesquiterpenes and some other sesquiterpenes, such as 10-epi-γ-eudesmol, α-agarofuran, epi-ligulyl oxide, etc. were detected in Chinese eaglewood oil for the first time. This is the first report about anti-MRSA activity of Chinese eaglewood oil from A. sinensis.
基金Project(71073177)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of ChinaProject(12JJ4077)supported by the Natural Science Foundation of Hunan Province of ChinaProject(2012zzts002)supported by the Fundamental Research Funds of Central South University,China
文摘Using VAR-DCC-GARCH model,the literature on commodity price was extended by exploring the co-movement between Chinese nonferrous metal prices and global nonferrous metal prices represented by the nonferrous metal prices from London Metal Exchange(LME).The results show that LME nonferrous metals prices still have a greater impact on Chinese nonferrous metals prices.However,the impact of Chinese nonferrous metals prices on LME nonferrous metals prices is still weak except for lead price.The co-movement of nonferrous metal prices between LME and China presents hysteretic nature,and it lasts for 7-8trading days.Furthermore,the co-movement between LME nonferrous metals prices and Chinese nonferrous metals prices has the characteristics of time-varying,and the correlation of lead prices between LME and China is the more stable than all other nonferrous metals prices.
基金Under the auspices of National Natural Science Foundation of China(No.4097106941101120)+1 种基金State Scholarship Fund by China Scholaship CouncilMinistry of Education of the people's Republic of China(No.2009614028)
文摘The majority of multinational enterprises (MNEs) traditionally originate from developed countries. In the last ten years, however, there has been dramatic growth in foreign direct investment (FDI) from China. It is a comparatively new phenomenon that challenges the classic FDI theories. In this paper, we review the pros and cons of two important theories, known as the Owner- ship-Location-Internalization (0LI) model and Linkage-Leverage-Learning (LLL) model, and use the statistical data and company case studies from China to test the plausibility of these two models. We believe that neither of them suits totally: the OLI model is quite use- fill for understanding FDI from China to developing economies, while the LLL model is more powerful for explaining the FDI to de- veloped economies. We argue that the companies from China attain a very advantageous position as intermediates in the global economy They may catch up with the first movers if they integrate OLI-led and LLL-led FDI within one firm. This combination can bring to- gether the most advanced knowledge acquired in developed economies with the knowledge about adaptation needs and the needs for cost reduction in production as expressed in developing economies. It may also accelerate the knowledge transfer globally. We thus fill a gap in research into the geographical pattern of Chinese FDI and offer a deeper understanding of the internationalization of Chinese MNEs and revolving knowledge transfer.
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31271791)Research Project supported by Shanxi Scholarship Council of China(2016-066)+4 种基金the Subject Construction Project of Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences(16A0102)China Agriculture Research System(CARS-06-13.5-A16)the Key Research and Development Program(General Project)(Agriculture)of Shanxi Province of China(201603D221003-5)the Special Program of Crop Germplasm Resources Protection and Utilization of Ministry of Agriculture of the People's Republic of China(2017NWB036-21)the Subplatform Project of National Proso Millet Germplasm Resources of China(NICGR2017-027)
文摘A set of 132 accessions of commonmillet, Panicum miliaceum L., from12 provinces of China were assessed for endosperm starch type (waxy or non-waxy) using I2-KI staining, amylose and amylopectin contents using the dual-wavelength colorimetric method, and genotype of Waxygenes conditioning amylose content by gene sequencing. Endosperm starch content varied from 57.69% to 74.70%, while the amylose and amylopectin contents of the starch ranged from 0 to 23.29% and from 41.99% to 70.24%, respectively. Sequencing two Wx genes, including Wx-L (intron 5-exon 7 and intron 8–9) andWx-S (exon 9–intron 10) revealed several polymorphisms (S0, S?15, LC, LF, LY). Marker M5-R11 linking to the Wx-S gene may be used to discriminate waxy common millet accessions from non-waxy ones. Among the 132 accessions, 68 with the S?15 allele had waxy endosperm starch with the amylose content range 0–2.58% and 64 accessions with the S0 allele had non-waxy endosperm starch with amylose content range 3.94%–23.29%. Five genotypes including So15/LF (45% of the accessions), S0/LF (25%), S0/LY (12%), S0/LC (11%), and S?15/LY (7%) were identified. Six new SNPs were detected at the Wx-L locus. These results will facilitate common millet breeding, especially of cultivars free of amylose.
文摘After the founding of the People’s Republic of China, the Chinese people have been struggling against poverty amid national development under the leadership of the Communist Party of China(CPC). Since reform and opening up, in particular, China has planned for and organized development-oriented poverty reduction practices on a broad scale with remarkable achievements and blazed a new path of development-oriented poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics. This path is both an essential component of Chinese socialism and a result of the CPC’s ideological improvement on poverty reduction. Since the 18 th CPC National Congress in 2012, the whole Party, country, and society have been called upon to fight the battle against poverty on a full-scale under the guidance of General Secretary Xi Jinping’s important statements on poverty reduction, unveiling a new stage for China’s development-oriented poverty reduction in the new era. China’s unprecedented poverty reduction achievements have enriched the path of poverty reduction with Chinese characteristics. Xi Jinping’s insightful and coherent statements on poverty reduction represent the latest results of Marxist anti-poverty theories and comprise an essential part of Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for the New Era. His guidelines are the basis for the brilliant achievements of China’s poverty reduction endeavors, and will contribute Chinese experience and wisdom to global poverty governance.
基金Supported by the Public Science and Technology Research Funds Projects of Ocean(Nos.201305030,2013418043)
文摘A new record of Platycephalus sp.1 (sensu Nakabo, 2002) was documented based on morphological characters and DNA barcoding. We collected 174 specimens of the genus Platycephalus from Chinese coastal waters of Dongying, Qingdao, Zhoushan, and Beihai. Samples were identified as Platycephalus sp. 1 morphologically. The coloration, meristic traits, and morphometric measurements are consistent with previously published records. In brief, it is an orange-brown flathead fish with dark brown spots scattered on head and body, lateral line scales 83 to 99 with one or two spine-bearing anteriormost pored scale, no yellow blotch on the caudal fin. Cytochrome oxidase I subunit (COI) gene fragments were sequenced for phylogenetic analysis. The mean evolutionary distance within the species Platycephalus sp. 1 was 0.1%. Net evolutionary distances between Platycephalus sp. 1 and other species of Platycephalus ranged from 10.8% to 19.7%, which is much greater than the threshold for species delimitation. The COl sequence analysis strongly supports the validity ofPlatyceohalus sp. 1 at genetic level.