The Nanling and adjacent regions of South China host a series of tin deposits related to Mesozoic granites with diverse petrological characteristics. The rocks are amphibole-bearing biotite granites, or （topaz-） alb...The Nanling and adjacent regions of South China host a series of tin deposits related to Mesozoic granites with diverse petrological characteristics. The rocks are amphibole-bearing biotite granites, or （topaz-） albite-lepidolite （zinnwaldite） granites, and geochemically correspond to mealuminous and peraluminous types, respectively. Mineralogical studies demonstrate highly distinctive and critical patterns for each type of granites. In mealuminous tin granites amphibole, biotite and perthite are the typical rock-forming mineral association; titanite and magnetite are typical accessory minerals, indicating highjO2 magmatic conditions; cassiterite, biotite and titanite are the principal Sn-bearing minerals; and pure cassiterite has low trace-element contents. However, in peraluminous tin granites zirmwaldite-lepidolite, K-feldspar and albite are typical rock-forming minerals; topaz is a common accessory phase, indicative of high peraluminity of this type of granites; cassiterite is present as a uniquely important tin mineral, typically rich in Nb and Ta. Mineralogical distinction between the two types of tin granites is largely controlled by redox state, volatile content and differentiation of magmatic melts. In oxidized metaluminous granitic melts, Sn4＋ is readily concentrated in Ti-bearing rock-forming and accessory minerals. Such Sn-bearing minerals are typical of oxidized tin granites, and are enriched in granites at the late fractionation stage. In relatively reduced peraluminous granitic melts, Sn2＋ is not readily incorporated into rock-forming and accessory minerals, except for cassiterite at fractionation stage of granite magma, which serves as an indicator of tin mineralization associated with this type of granites. The nature of magma and the geochemical behavior of tin in the two types of granites thus result in the formation of different types of tin deposits. Metaluminous granites host disseminated tin mineralization, and are locally related to deposits of the chlorite quartz-vein, greisen, and skarn types. Greisen, skarn, and quartz-vein tin deposits can occur related to peraluminous granites, but disseminated mineralization of cassiterite is more typical.展开更多
Zircon U-Pb ages(SHRIMP and LA-ICPMS) and Lu-Hf isotope data(LA-ICPMS) are presented for two granite and two quartzite pebbles from the basal conglomerates of the Sijizhuang Formation in the Hutuo Group from the Wutai...Zircon U-Pb ages(SHRIMP and LA-ICPMS) and Lu-Hf isotope data(LA-ICPMS) are presented for two granite and two quartzite pebbles from the basal conglomerates of the Sijizhuang Formation in the Hutuo Group from the Wutai Mountains area in the North China Craton.These two granite pebbles give zircon 207 Pb/206 Pb ages of 2513±8 Ma and 2527±8 Ma respectively,which are consistent with the emplacement ages of the Wangjiahui grey granite and Guangmingsi or Shifo granite in the Wutai Mountains.Detrital zircons from those two quartzite pebbles are mostly 2550-2490 Ma old with lesser number of 2800-2550 Ma grains,which is similar to the ages of detrital zircons from quartzites in the Gaofan Subgroup of the Neoarchean Wutai Group.Thus,the pebbles in the Hutuo Group basal conglomerates were derived locally from Wutai Mountains Neoarchean sources.Zircons from the Sijizhuang Formation conglomerate granite and quartzite pebbles mostly have positive ε Hf(t) values,a minority with ε Hf(t) values like model depleted mantle(DM) of the same age,but with most showing DM model ages 200-100 Ma.This indicates that most of the source materials were derived from the mantle within the previous 200 million years,whereas some are derived from 2550-2510 Ma juvenile crustal additions.This additional evidence suggests that in the North China Craton there was important initial polycyclic crustal formation and cratonization in the late Neoarchaean,prior to superimposed Palaeoproterozoic orogenic cycles.展开更多
On the basis of new paleontological data,the sequence and distributions of the Middle Devonian-Tournaisian rocks on Hainan Island have been sorted out for the first time.The Devonian rocks include the Middle Devonian ...On the basis of new paleontological data,the sequence and distributions of the Middle Devonian-Tournaisian rocks on Hainan Island have been sorted out for the first time.The Devonian rocks include the Middle Devonian Jinbo Formation and the Upper Devonian Changjiang Formation,which are distributed in northwestern Hainan Island.The Jinbo Formation is represented by631 m of littoral facies deposits,and was intruded by the Yanshanian granite in the base.The presence of chitinozoans Eisenackitina caster,Funsochitina pilosa,and Lagenochitina amottensis indicates the Givetian in age.The Changjiang Formation is made up of 140 m of neritic facies rocks,and contains the Famennian conodonts Palmatolepis gracilis sigmoidalis,Polygnathus germanus,and corals Cystophrentis kalaohoensis.The Devonian-Tournaisian transition beds,the lower part of the Jishi Formation,are composed of 61–129 m sandstone and siltstone,with gastropods Euomphalus spp.and brachiopods,and marked by conglomerate with the underlying Devonian rocks.The middle-upper part of the Tournaisian Jishi Formation consists of 100–251 m clastic and carbonate rocks,containing abundant corals Pseudoularinia irregularis,conodonts Siphonodella isosticha,trilobites Weberiphillipsia linguiformis,and brachiopods.On the basis of the occurrence of Xinanosprifer flabellum and Homotoma sp.,the Nanhao Formation in southern Hainan Island is now regarded as the Lower Silurian,instead of the previously designated Lower Carboniferous.It is confirmed that no Carboniferous rocks occurred in the area south to the Gancheng-Wanning Fault.展开更多
基金supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant No.41230315)the National Key R&D Program of China(Grant No.2016YFC0600203)the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities(Grant No.020614380057).
文摘The Nanling and adjacent regions of South China host a series of tin deposits related to Mesozoic granites with diverse petrological characteristics. The rocks are amphibole-bearing biotite granites, or （topaz-） albite-lepidolite （zinnwaldite） granites, and geochemically correspond to mealuminous and peraluminous types, respectively. Mineralogical studies demonstrate highly distinctive and critical patterns for each type of granites. In mealuminous tin granites amphibole, biotite and perthite are the typical rock-forming mineral association; titanite and magnetite are typical accessory minerals, indicating highjO2 magmatic conditions; cassiterite, biotite and titanite are the principal Sn-bearing minerals; and pure cassiterite has low trace-element contents. However, in peraluminous tin granites zirmwaldite-lepidolite, K-feldspar and albite are typical rock-forming minerals; topaz is a common accessory phase, indicative of high peraluminity of this type of granites; cassiterite is present as a uniquely important tin mineral, typically rich in Nb and Ta. Mineralogical distinction between the two types of tin granites is largely controlled by redox state, volatile content and differentiation of magmatic melts. In oxidized metaluminous granitic melts, Sn4＋ is readily concentrated in Ti-bearing rock-forming and accessory minerals. Such Sn-bearing minerals are typical of oxidized tin granites, and are enriched in granites at the late fractionation stage. In relatively reduced peraluminous granitic melts, Sn2＋ is not readily incorporated into rock-forming and accessory minerals, except for cassiterite at fractionation stage of granite magma, which serves as an indicator of tin mineralization associated with this type of granites. The nature of magma and the geochemical behavior of tin in the two types of granites thus result in the formation of different types of tin deposits. Metaluminous granites host disseminated tin mineralization, and are locally related to deposits of the chlorite quartz-vein, greisen, and skarn types. Greisen, skarn, and quartz-vein tin deposits can occur related to peraluminous granites, but disseminated mineralization of cassiterite is more typical.
基金supported by China Geological Survey (Grant Nos. 1212010611802,1212010711815 and 1212011120152)National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41172171)+1 种基金Basic Foundation of Scientific Research Work from Ministry of Science and Technology of China (GrantNos. J0721 and J0907)National Commission on Stratigraphy of China(Grant Nos. 1212010511702-01 and 1212011120142)
文摘Zircon U-Pb ages(SHRIMP and LA-ICPMS) and Lu-Hf isotope data(LA-ICPMS) are presented for two granite and two quartzite pebbles from the basal conglomerates of the Sijizhuang Formation in the Hutuo Group from the Wutai Mountains area in the North China Craton.These two granite pebbles give zircon 207 Pb/206 Pb ages of 2513±8 Ma and 2527±8 Ma respectively,which are consistent with the emplacement ages of the Wangjiahui grey granite and Guangmingsi or Shifo granite in the Wutai Mountains.Detrital zircons from those two quartzite pebbles are mostly 2550-2490 Ma old with lesser number of 2800-2550 Ma grains,which is similar to the ages of detrital zircons from quartzites in the Gaofan Subgroup of the Neoarchean Wutai Group.Thus,the pebbles in the Hutuo Group basal conglomerates were derived locally from Wutai Mountains Neoarchean sources.Zircons from the Sijizhuang Formation conglomerate granite and quartzite pebbles mostly have positive ε Hf(t) values,a minority with ε Hf(t) values like model depleted mantle(DM) of the same age,but with most showing DM model ages 200-100 Ma.This indicates that most of the source materials were derived from the mantle within the previous 200 million years,whereas some are derived from 2550-2510 Ma juvenile crustal additions.This additional evidence suggests that in the North China Craton there was important initial polycyclic crustal formation and cratonization in the late Neoarchaean,prior to superimposed Palaeoproterozoic orogenic cycles.
基金supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Nos.40772022,41172025)China Geological Survey Project(Grant Nos.1212011120116,1212011220517)
文摘On the basis of new paleontological data,the sequence and distributions of the Middle Devonian-Tournaisian rocks on Hainan Island have been sorted out for the first time.The Devonian rocks include the Middle Devonian Jinbo Formation and the Upper Devonian Changjiang Formation,which are distributed in northwestern Hainan Island.The Jinbo Formation is represented by631 m of littoral facies deposits,and was intruded by the Yanshanian granite in the base.The presence of chitinozoans Eisenackitina caster,Funsochitina pilosa,and Lagenochitina amottensis indicates the Givetian in age.The Changjiang Formation is made up of 140 m of neritic facies rocks,and contains the Famennian conodonts Palmatolepis gracilis sigmoidalis,Polygnathus germanus,and corals Cystophrentis kalaohoensis.The Devonian-Tournaisian transition beds,the lower part of the Jishi Formation,are composed of 61–129 m sandstone and siltstone,with gastropods Euomphalus spp.and brachiopods,and marked by conglomerate with the underlying Devonian rocks.The middle-upper part of the Tournaisian Jishi Formation consists of 100–251 m clastic and carbonate rocks,containing abundant corals Pseudoularinia irregularis,conodonts Siphonodella isosticha,trilobites Weberiphillipsia linguiformis,and brachiopods.On the basis of the occurrence of Xinanosprifer flabellum and Homotoma sp.,the Nanhao Formation in southern Hainan Island is now regarded as the Lower Silurian,instead of the previously designated Lower Carboniferous.It is confirmed that no Carboniferous rocks occurred in the area south to the Gancheng-Wanning Fault.
