中国雾区的分布及其季节变化

用中国范围604个台站1961年1月￣2000年12月的地面观测雾日资料,分析了雾的地理分布,讨论了不同区域雾的月年变化特征。结果表明:中国地区主要有6个雾区:长江中游区、海岸区、云贵高原区、陇东-陕西区、淮河流域、天山及其北疆区。大多数区域雾日年际变化有下降的趋势,特别是20世纪80年代之后下降趋势更明显,雾日显著趋势区呈西南-东北走向,上升和下降趋势区相间分布,自东南向西北呈波列结构;中国大多数雾区秋冬季雾日最多,春夏季雾日较少。黄海岸区和北疆月际变化相似,都呈双峰型分布,其他区域为单峰型分布。

框架建构下美媒对中国雾霾的报道研究——以美国纸媒对中国雾霾报道为例

本文是对美国纸媒关于中国雾霾报道（2007年～2013年）的框架分析.文章指出美国媒体对中国的报道与以往固定的价值观和模式相较下有了新趋向,呈现出报道数量的增加、国家主义立场的凸显和态度更较客观.反观中国的国际形象和外媒对中国环境报道的趋向,为我国在气候变化信息传播、政治外交与国家生态形象建构提供理论支撑与实践借鉴.

媒体报道的生态取向:BBC中国雾霾新闻标题的生态话语分析

生态话语分析模式将生态场所观与系统功能语言学理论相结合,为生态语言学研究提供了理论依据。使用生态话语分析模式,从及物性、语气、情态、评价、主位和信息等系统对英国BBC关于中国雾霾报道的新闻标题进行生态视角的细化分析,并进行综合实证分析,能够从语言角度发掘话语的生态意义,揭示媒体报道的生态取向。由于新闻不可避免地承载着意识形态,BBC关于中国雾霾报道的主题不全面,但总体上对负面生态状况给予了负面的报道,BBC的中国雾霾新闻标题具有生态保护型语篇的特点。对BBC新闻标题的话语生态分析也会对我国的新闻媒体有所启发。

基于语料库对美国媒体关于中国雾霾报道的批评话语分析

批评话语分析产生于20世纪70年代,它不仅关注语言表面的特征和意义,更侧重对语篇背后所隐藏的价值取向和意识形态的研究,旨在揭示语言、权力和意识形态之间的关系。随着现代社会的发展,新闻作为信息传播的中介发挥着越来越重要的作用。近年来,中国的雾霾问题日益成为西方社会关注的焦点,为了研究以美国为代表的西方社会对中国雾霾治理现状的态度,本文从美国主流媒体选取关于中国雾霾的相关新闻报道,采用Fairclough的理论框架,分析新闻报道者是如何通过语言的运用来传达其态度和意识形态的。

中国城市雾霾的形成与治理:从分析框架到实践创新

改革开放 40 年来,中国经济各方面飞速发展,城市迅速崛起。中国城镇化率由 1978 年的 17.92% 上升至 2016 年的 58.52%,城市人口在 2011 年正式超过农村。随着人口向城市的聚集,中国在诞生更多城市的同时,也产生了一系列城市病, 特别是全国许多城市空气质量的恶化。雾霾治理迎来了新的阶段,继续降低污染的任务将更加艰巨。当前,亟需反思以往城 市政府的治霾举措,为新阶段的雾霾治理提供思路。

我国清洁空气计划实施路径探究——以成本-效益视角下美国CAA经验为借鉴

近年来,中国雾霾问题已经成为严重公害,对中国造成巨大的经济、社会和健康成本。如何有效治理雾霾天气对我国环保部门构成重大挑战。文章通过对美国《清洁空气法》(Clean Air Act,CAA)做内容梳理,探讨美国环保署(Environmental Protection Agency,EPA)在CAA的授权范围内如何进行创造性工作,然后通过成本-收益分析,肯定1990年《清洁空气法》修正案(Clean Air Act Amendment,CAAA)执行以来取得的成就,最后借鉴CAA和EPA的创新性工作以探究我国清洁空气计划实施路径。

Impact of Sea Surface Temperature Front on Stratus-Sea Fog over the Yellow and East China Seas-A Case Study with Implications for Climatology

A stratus-sea fog event that occurred over the Yellow and East China Seas on 3 June 2011 is investigated using observations and a numerical model, with a focus on the effects of background circulation and Sea Surface Temperature Front （SSTF） on the transition of stratus into sea fog. Southerly winds of a synoptic high-pressure circulation transport water vapor to the Yellow Sea, creating conditions favorable for sea fog/stratus formation. The subsidence from the high-pressure contributes to the temperature inversion at the top of the stratus. The SSTF forces a secondary circulation within the ABL （Atmospheric Boundary Layer）, the sinking branch of which on the cold flank of SSTF helps lower the stratus layer fiLrther to reach the sea surface. The cooling effect over the cold sea surface counteracts the adiabatic warming induced by subsidence. The secondary circulation becomes weak and the fog patches are shrtmk heavily with the smoothed SSTE A conceptual model is proposed for the transition of stratus into sea fog over the Yellow and East China Seas. Finally, the analyses suggest that sea fog frequency will probably decrease due to the weakened SSTF and the reduced subsidence of secondary circulation under global wanning.

Response of coal reservoir porosity to magma intrusion in the Shandong Qiwu Mine,China

The Qiwu Mine is located in the Ten Xian coal field of Shandong province.It experienced repeated volcanic activity,after the coal beds formed,where magma intrusion was significant The effect of coal reservoir porosity after magma intrusion was studied by analysis of regional and mine structure and magmatic activity.Experimental methods including maceral measurement under the microscope and mercury porosimetry were used for testing the pore structure.The authors believe that magma intrusion into low-rank bituminous coal causes reservoir porosity to gradually increase：the closer to the magmatic rock a sample is,the less the porosity.The pore size distribution also changes.In the natural coal bed the pore size is mainly in the transitive and middle pore range.However,the coal changes to anthracite next to the magmatic rock and larger pores dominate.Regional magma thermal evolution caused coal close to magmatic rock to be roasted,which reduced the volatile matter,developed larger holes,and destroyed plant tissue holes.The primary reason for a porosity decrease in the vicinity of magmatic rock is that Bituminite resulting from the roasting fills the holes that were present initially.

Recent Observations and Modeling Study About Sea Fog over the Yellow Sea and East China Sea

This review presents some of the latest achievements in sea fog research,including fog climatology,fog structure in the marine atmospheric boundary layer,and numerical simulations and forecasting of fog.With the development of atmospheric observational techniques and equipments,new facts about sea fog are revealed.The mechanisms involved in the formation,development and dissipation of sea fog are further explored with the help of advanced atmospheric models.

Effects of Coordinate Rotation on Turbulent Flux Measurements during Wintertime Haze Pollution in Beijing, China

Eddy-covariance observations from the Beijing 325-m meteorological tower are used to evaluate the effects of coordinate rotation on the turbulent exchange of momentum and scalars during wintertime haze pollution(January-February 2013). Two techniques are used in the present evaluation; namely, the natural wind coordinate(NWC) and the planar fit coordinate(PFC), with the latter being applied by means of two methods for linear regression(i.e., overall and sector-wise). The different techniques show a general agreement in both turbulent fluxes and transport efficiencies, especially evident at the lower, 140-m level above the ground(compared to the higher, 280-m level), perhaps implying that the selection of a technique for coordinate rotation(NWC or PFC) is less of a concern for a sufficiently low level, despite the complexities of urban terrain. Additionally, sector-wise regression is a recommended approach for practical application of the PFC in a complex urban environment subjected to particulate pollution, because this method is found to produce a better correlation between the mean vertical velocity at the 140- and 280-m heights.

China to Make Clean Fuels A Priority

Urban smog issue has become more and more heated topic in China in recent years.Vehicle pollution is one of the main reasons for smog and haze in most large and medium-sized cities in the country.Maybe it is not surprising now that the nation drives 95 million cars,second only to the United States with 240 million.Therefore,China has released a series of policies to alleviate the increasingly severe urban smog issues and accelerate upgrading of oil products quality.

Red Alerts for Smog

Residents of China’s capital deal with air pollution The Chinese Government has set a stringent standard for the quality of the masks being sold to combat the effects of pollution in Beijing on January 18.The news comes against the backdrop of the unprecedentedamount of heavy haze that had shrouded the Chinese capital for more than 20 days.