《中国风貌》(Aspects de la Chine)(1)是二十世纪五十年代巴黎出版的一套法文版中国文化史,基于法国广播公司此前播出的一系列中国专题的文化节目。书中一大重点是对中国古典文学的介绍,《红楼梦》与《儒林外史》作为古典小说的优秀代...《中国风貌》(Aspects de la Chine)(1)是二十世纪五十年代巴黎出版的一套法文版中国文化史,基于法国广播公司此前播出的一系列中国专题的文化节目。书中一大重点是对中国古典文学的介绍,《红楼梦》与《儒林外史》作为古典小说的优秀代表均在其中。本文从书中对这两部名著的译介出发,述评其译介内容及其特色;继而简介该书之概貌及由来与影响;最后结合该书产生的历史背景和这两部名著在法文世界中的传播历程,总结这两段译介在欧洲现代汉学史上的价值与意义。书中与两部名著相关的参考文献翻译附后。展开更多
In recent years, intensifying waterlogging, salt water intrusion, wetland loss, and ecosystem degradation in Chinese delta cities and adjacent regions have generated the pressing need to create an urban form that is s...In recent years, intensifying waterlogging, salt water intrusion, wetland loss, and ecosystem degradation in Chinese delta cities and adjacent regions have generated the pressing need to create an urban form that is suited to both current and future climates incorporating sea level rise. However, adaptation planning uptake is slow. This is particularly unfortunate because patterns of urban form interact with mean sea level rise (MSLR) in ways that reduce or intensify its impact. There are currently two main barriers that are significant in arresting the implementation of adaptation planning with reference to the MSLR projections composed of geomorphologic MSLR projections and eustatic MSLR projections from global climate warming, and making a comprehensive risk assessment of MSLR projections. The present review shows recent progresses in mapping MSLR projections and their risk assessment approaches on Chinese delta cities, and then a perspective of adapting these cities to MSLR projections as following six aspects. 1) The geomorphologic MSLR projections are contributed by the natural tectonic subsidence projections and the MSLR projections by anthropogenic geomorphologic change. The former needs to be updated in a global framework. The latter is accumulated by land subsidence from underground water depletion, water level fall caused by the erosion of riverbeds from a sediment supply decline attributed to the construction of watershed dams, artificial sand excavation, water level raise by engineering projects including land reclamation, deep waterway regulation, and fresh water reservoirs. 2) Controlling MSLR projections by anthropogenic geomorphologic changes. 3) The IPCC AR5 RCPs MSLRs scenarios are expected to be projected to the local eustatic MSLR projections on the Chinese deltas. 4) The MSLR projections need to be matched to a local elevation datum. 5) Modeling approaches of regional river-sea numerical with semi- analytical hydrodynamics, estuarine channel network, system dynamics and adaptation points are perspective. 6) Adaptation planning to MSLR projections requires a comprehensive risk assessment of the risk of flood, fresh water supply shortage, coastal erosion, wetland loss, siltation of ports and waterway in Chinese delta cities and adjacent regions.展开更多
Politeness principle, cooperation principle, social protocols, guidelines on the session, face preservation contract theory, as well as "politeness five criteria" of Chinese characteristics, and a series of principl...Politeness principle, cooperation principle, social protocols, guidelines on the session, face preservation contract theory, as well as "politeness five criteria" of Chinese characteristics, and a series of principles and theories related to domestic and foreign research polite language provides a solid foundation, rich nutrients and scientific way of thinking for Chinese "polite language". This article combined with stylistic letter, takes "Fu Lei Letter" as the corpus to study online behavior polite language.展开更多
文摘《中国风貌》(Aspects de la Chine)(1)是二十世纪五十年代巴黎出版的一套法文版中国文化史,基于法国广播公司此前播出的一系列中国专题的文化节目。书中一大重点是对中国古典文学的介绍,《红楼梦》与《儒林外史》作为古典小说的优秀代表均在其中。本文从书中对这两部名著的译介出发,述评其译介内容及其特色;继而简介该书之概貌及由来与影响;最后结合该书产生的历史背景和这两部名著在法文世界中的传播历程,总结这两段译介在欧洲现代汉学史上的价值与意义。书中与两部名著相关的参考文献翻译附后。
基金Acknowledgments This study was financially supported by the Shanghai Science and Technology Committee (10dz1210600), the National Sea Welfare Project (201005019-09), the Natural Science Foundation of China (41476075, 41340044), and the China Geological Survey (12120115043101 ).
文摘In recent years, intensifying waterlogging, salt water intrusion, wetland loss, and ecosystem degradation in Chinese delta cities and adjacent regions have generated the pressing need to create an urban form that is suited to both current and future climates incorporating sea level rise. However, adaptation planning uptake is slow. This is particularly unfortunate because patterns of urban form interact with mean sea level rise (MSLR) in ways that reduce or intensify its impact. There are currently two main barriers that are significant in arresting the implementation of adaptation planning with reference to the MSLR projections composed of geomorphologic MSLR projections and eustatic MSLR projections from global climate warming, and making a comprehensive risk assessment of MSLR projections. The present review shows recent progresses in mapping MSLR projections and their risk assessment approaches on Chinese delta cities, and then a perspective of adapting these cities to MSLR projections as following six aspects. 1) The geomorphologic MSLR projections are contributed by the natural tectonic subsidence projections and the MSLR projections by anthropogenic geomorphologic change. The former needs to be updated in a global framework. The latter is accumulated by land subsidence from underground water depletion, water level fall caused by the erosion of riverbeds from a sediment supply decline attributed to the construction of watershed dams, artificial sand excavation, water level raise by engineering projects including land reclamation, deep waterway regulation, and fresh water reservoirs. 2) Controlling MSLR projections by anthropogenic geomorphologic changes. 3) The IPCC AR5 RCPs MSLRs scenarios are expected to be projected to the local eustatic MSLR projections on the Chinese deltas. 4) The MSLR projections need to be matched to a local elevation datum. 5) Modeling approaches of regional river-sea numerical with semi- analytical hydrodynamics, estuarine channel network, system dynamics and adaptation points are perspective. 6) Adaptation planning to MSLR projections requires a comprehensive risk assessment of the risk of flood, fresh water supply shortage, coastal erosion, wetland loss, siltation of ports and waterway in Chinese delta cities and adjacent regions.
文摘Politeness principle, cooperation principle, social protocols, guidelines on the session, face preservation contract theory, as well as "politeness five criteria" of Chinese characteristics, and a series of principles and theories related to domestic and foreign research polite language provides a solid foundation, rich nutrients and scientific way of thinking for Chinese "polite language". This article combined with stylistic letter, takes "Fu Lei Letter" as the corpus to study online behavior polite language.