Intercultures play an important role in localization of translation. They are the essential reference resources for those who are translators as well as writers in their literary translation or creation. Translators c...Intercultures play an important role in localization of translation. They are the essential reference resources for those who are translators as well as writers in their literary translation or creation. Translators contribute to the extension of source culture and in target culture by means ofintercultures to form new localized cultural paradigms. Bing Xin＇ s creation of the short free verse in the vernacular Chinese was influenced by Hu shih＇s new literature ideas and Zheng Zhenduo＇s translation of Stray Birds, a famous poetry anthology of Tagore. Through her translation, she borrowed new literary paradigms from foreign languages and successfully converted them into more acceptable ones in Chinese new literature. The paper, from the perspectives of Localization and Intercultures by Anthony Pym, explores the effects which Hu Shih and Zheng Zhenduo made upon Bing Xin＇s poetry translation and creation in the trend of poetry localization in the May Fourth Movement, and analyzes the interactions between Bing Xin＇s poetry creation and her poetry translation.展开更多
AIM: To estimate the burden of undiagnosed celiac disease (CD) in the Mediterranean area in terms of morbidity, mortality and health cost. METHODS: For statistics regarding the population of each country in the Medite...AIM: To estimate the burden of undiagnosed celiac disease (CD) in the Mediterranean area in terms of morbidity, mortality and health cost. METHODS: For statistics regarding the population of each country in the Mediterranean area, we accessed authoritative international sources (World Bank, World Health Organization and United Nations). The prevalence of CD was obtained for most countries from published reports. An overall prevalence rate of 1% cases/total population was finally estimated to represent the frequency of the disease in the area, since none of the available conf idence intervals of the reported rates significantly excluded this rate. The distribution of symptoms and complications was obtained from reliable reports in the same cohort. A standardized mortality rate of 1.8 was obtained from recent reports. Crude health cost was estimated for the years between symptoms and diagnosis for adults and children, and was standardized for purchasing power parity to account for the different economic prof iles amongst Mediterranean countries. RESULTS: In the next 10 years, the Mediterranean area will have about half a billion inhabitants, of which 120 million will be children. The projected number of CD diagnoses in 2020 is 5 million cases (1 million celiac children), with a relative increase of 11% compared to 2010. Based on the 2010 rate, there will be about 550 000 symptomatic adults and about 240 000 sick children: 85% of the symptomatic patients will suffer from gastrointestinal complaints, 40% are likely to have anemia, 30% will likely have osteopenia, 20% of children will have short stature, and 10% will have abnormal liver enzymes. The estimated standardized medical costs for symptomatic celiac patients during the delay between symptom onset and diagnosis (mean 6 years for adults, 2 years for children) will be about €4 billion (€387 million for children) over the next 10 years. A delay in diagnosis is expected to increase mortality: about 600 000 celiac patients will die in the next 10 years, with an excess of 44.4% vs age-and sexmatched controls. CONCLUSION: In the near future, the burden of CD will increase tremendously. Few Mediterranean countries are able to face this expanding epidemic alone.展开更多
Sustainability of food systems and diets is not simply related to health concerns as it also involves environmental impacts. In fact, diets are major players in biodiversity erosion, natural resources degradation, cli...Sustainability of food systems and diets is not simply related to health concerns as it also involves environmental impacts. In fact, diets are major players in biodiversity erosion, natural resources degradation, climate change, etc.. The paper aims at analysing the main environmental impacts of the Mediterranean food consumption patterns on land and water resources and biodiversity. It provides a review on water and land resources and biodiversity in the Mediterranean and an analysis of the livestock sector impacts on ecosystem services. The most recent FAO food consumption statistics and standard impact data from different sources （e.g., Water Footprint Network; Mekonnen ＆ Hoekstra, 2010; Ewing et al., 2010） were used to calculate and discuss environmental impacts, i.e., water, carbon and ecological footprints. Mediterranean diets promote biodiversity use, conservation and sustainable natural resources management. They are more respectful of ecosystems and have lower environmental impacts than Northern Europe and American diets.展开更多
In order to understand IT teaching conditions and living environment in the less developed areas of rural primary and secondary school, the paper uses questionnaire survey equipment to investigate education of some ru...In order to understand IT teaching conditions and living environment in the less developed areas of rural primary and secondary school, the paper uses questionnaire survey equipment to investigate education of some rural underdeveloped areas of information technology in primary and secondary school in Jiangxi. And it has analyzed 2011-2013 investment and construction of the status quo in education funding for information technology equipment. The results show： Less Developed Areas in primary and secondary school education information and technology education equipment cannot meet the needs of the development of education with lack of funding support, poor school environment and information technology teaching conditions. And this phenomenon has been analyzed, and effective measures are to improve primary and secondary school education in underdeveloped areas of information technology conditions and educational level.展开更多
文摘Intercultures play an important role in localization of translation. They are the essential reference resources for those who are translators as well as writers in their literary translation or creation. Translators contribute to the extension of source culture and in target culture by means ofintercultures to form new localized cultural paradigms. Bing Xin＇ s creation of the short free verse in the vernacular Chinese was influenced by Hu shih＇s new literature ideas and Zheng Zhenduo＇s translation of Stray Birds, a famous poetry anthology of Tagore. Through her translation, she borrowed new literary paradigms from foreign languages and successfully converted them into more acceptable ones in Chinese new literature. The paper, from the perspectives of Localization and Intercultures by Anthony Pym, explores the effects which Hu Shih and Zheng Zhenduo made upon Bing Xin＇s poetry translation and creation in the trend of poetry localization in the May Fourth Movement, and analyzes the interactions between Bing Xin＇s poetry creation and her poetry translation.
基金Supported by European Laboratory for Food Induced Diseases, Federico Ⅱ University of Naples
文摘AIM: To estimate the burden of undiagnosed celiac disease (CD) in the Mediterranean area in terms of morbidity, mortality and health cost. METHODS: For statistics regarding the population of each country in the Mediterranean area, we accessed authoritative international sources (World Bank, World Health Organization and United Nations). The prevalence of CD was obtained for most countries from published reports. An overall prevalence rate of 1% cases/total population was finally estimated to represent the frequency of the disease in the area, since none of the available conf idence intervals of the reported rates significantly excluded this rate. The distribution of symptoms and complications was obtained from reliable reports in the same cohort. A standardized mortality rate of 1.8 was obtained from recent reports. Crude health cost was estimated for the years between symptoms and diagnosis for adults and children, and was standardized for purchasing power parity to account for the different economic prof iles amongst Mediterranean countries. RESULTS: In the next 10 years, the Mediterranean area will have about half a billion inhabitants, of which 120 million will be children. The projected number of CD diagnoses in 2020 is 5 million cases (1 million celiac children), with a relative increase of 11% compared to 2010. Based on the 2010 rate, there will be about 550 000 symptomatic adults and about 240 000 sick children: 85% of the symptomatic patients will suffer from gastrointestinal complaints, 40% are likely to have anemia, 30% will likely have osteopenia, 20% of children will have short stature, and 10% will have abnormal liver enzymes. The estimated standardized medical costs for symptomatic celiac patients during the delay between symptom onset and diagnosis (mean 6 years for adults, 2 years for children) will be about €4 billion (€387 million for children) over the next 10 years. A delay in diagnosis is expected to increase mortality: about 600 000 celiac patients will die in the next 10 years, with an excess of 44.4% vs age-and sexmatched controls. CONCLUSION: In the near future, the burden of CD will increase tremendously. Few Mediterranean countries are able to face this expanding epidemic alone.
文摘Sustainability of food systems and diets is not simply related to health concerns as it also involves environmental impacts. In fact, diets are major players in biodiversity erosion, natural resources degradation, climate change, etc.. The paper aims at analysing the main environmental impacts of the Mediterranean food consumption patterns on land and water resources and biodiversity. It provides a review on water and land resources and biodiversity in the Mediterranean and an analysis of the livestock sector impacts on ecosystem services. The most recent FAO food consumption statistics and standard impact data from different sources （e.g., Water Footprint Network; Mekonnen ＆ Hoekstra, 2010; Ewing et al., 2010） were used to calculate and discuss environmental impacts, i.e., water, carbon and ecological footprints. Mediterranean diets promote biodiversity use, conservation and sustainable natural resources management. They are more respectful of ecosystems and have lower environmental impacts than Northern Europe and American diets.
文摘In order to understand IT teaching conditions and living environment in the less developed areas of rural primary and secondary school, the paper uses questionnaire survey equipment to investigate education of some rural underdeveloped areas of information technology in primary and secondary school in Jiangxi. And it has analyzed 2011-2013 investment and construction of the status quo in education funding for information technology equipment. The results show： Less Developed Areas in primary and secondary school education information and technology education equipment cannot meet the needs of the development of education with lack of funding support, poor school environment and information technology teaching conditions. And this phenomenon has been analyzed, and effective measures are to improve primary and secondary school education in underdeveloped areas of information technology conditions and educational level.
