南海鸢乌贼中型群雌性个体肌肉和性腺组织能量积累及其分配

利用组织能量密度测定技术和残差指标分析方法,分析了南海鸢乌贼(Sthenoteuthis oualaniensis)中型群雌性个体肌肉组织和性腺组织能量积累的变化过程及其分配规律。结果显示,胴体、尾鳍、足腕、缠卵腺、输卵管复合体和卵巢等组织的能量密度分别为(22.06±1.24) kJ·g^-1、(22.50±1.25) kJ·g^-1、(22.83±1.13) kJ·g^-1、(21.10±0.80) kJ·g^-1、(24.33±1.41) kJ·g^-1和(21.76±1.32) kJ·g^-1。胴体、尾鳍、足腕等肌肉组织能量积累的平均值分别为(324.52±125.30) kJ、(71.04±31.48) kJ和(168.34±90.77) kJ,缠卵腺、输卵管复合体和卵巢等性腺组织能量积累的平均值分别为(4.61±9.01) kJ、(6.04±15.36) kJ和(13.84±26.98) kJ。自生理性发育(Ⅲ期),卵巢、缠卵腺、输卵管复合体等性腺组织的能量积累占比显著增加,而胴体、尾鳍、足腕等肌肉组织的能量积累占比显著降低。组织能量积累-胴长关系的残差分析显示,在Ⅲ~Ⅵ期肌肉组织能量积累残差与性腺组织能量积累残差呈弱的负相关关系,表明肌肉组织能量部分转化用于性腺组织的生长发育。以上结果表明,南海鸢乌贼中型群雌性个体肌肉组织是能量积累的最大单元,性腺组织能量积累随着性腺发育显著增加,自雌性个体生理性发育肌肉组织存储能量部分转化以满足性腺发育对能量的需求。

集中型多标段群塔作业技术与安全管理研究

超大型公共建筑往往由不同单体建筑组合成一个整体,建筑在平面上占地面积大且造型复杂,在立面上又包含不同层高的单体。在此大型公共建筑由不同施工标段组成情况下,要保障场地垂直运输的覆盖率,塔吊的布置往往密集而集中,因此对塔吊的技术与安全管理提出了更高的要求。本文基于岳阳市中心医院项目的塔吊布置,阐述了不同施工单位组成的集中型群塔作业的安全管理,并提出了安全管控措施,以期可为类似项目提供借鉴。

用分层模糊积分进行中型梯级水电站群开发程序优化

为了在中型梯级水电站群的开发程序优化决策中全面考虑各种主、客观因素的影响,以获得经济、合理、整体综合指标最优的决策,本文根据模糊积分理论提出了适合该类问题的分层模糊积分综合评判模型。实例验证,获得了满意的结果。

工程项目群的冲突博弈对其综合效益的影响分析

基础设施建设步伐的持续加快对大中型工程项目群运作管理提出了更高的要求,从大中型工程项目群运作管理的特点出发,分析了项目群中子项目间的冲突博弈特征以及对子项目效益和项目群综合效益的影响,为当前建设工程领域项目群运作管理提出合理化建议,增强大中型工程类企业的核心竞争力,实现相关企业的可持续发展。

基于SAM的中国人群乘用车驾驶座椅位置设计研究

随着国内各车企乘用车设计水平的提升,设计手段已经由逆向开发转到正向设计阶段,同时中国经济的高速发展,中国市场已经成为乘用车主战场,针对中国人体的乘用车正向开发至关重要,乘用车座椅行程长度设计及行程分配决定了目标人群人体舒适性及内部空间布置,目前国内外车企设计规范依旧是基于美国人体SAE设计标准,因此,本文将基于中国人体尺寸提出适合中国乘用车驾驶员座椅行程长度正向设计方法,同时使用人机柔性台架进行了验证,为座椅行程正向设计提供了理论上的参考。

A risk prediction score model for predicting occurrence of post-PCI vasovagal reflex syndrome： a single center study in Chinese population

Background The vasovagal reflex syndrome （VVRS） is common in the patiems undergoing percutaneous coronary intervemion （PCI） However, prediction and prevention of the risk for the VVRS have not been completely fulfilled. This study was conducted to develop a Risk Prediction Score Model to identify the determinants of VVRS in a large Chinese population cohort receiving PCI. Methods From the hos- pital electronic medical database, we idemified 3550 patients who received PCI （78.0% males, mean age 60 years） in Chinese PLA General Hospital from January 1, 2000 to August 30, 2016. The multivariate analysis and receiver operating characteristic 01OC） analysis were performed. Results The adverse events of VVRS in the patients were significantly increased after PCI procedure than before the operation （all P 〈 0.001）. The rate of VVRS [95% confidence interval （CI）] in patients receiving PCI was 4.5% （4.1%-5.6%）. Compared to the patients suffering no VVRS, incidence of VVRS involved the following factors, namely female gender, primary PCI, hypertension, over two stems im- plantation in the left anterior descending （LAD）, and the femoral puncture site. The multivariate analysis suggested that they were independ- ent risk factors for predicting the incidence of VVRS （all P 〈 0.001）. We developed a risk prediction score model for VVRS. ROC analysis showed that the risk prediction score model was effectively predictive of the incidence of VVRS in patients receiving PCI （c-statistic 0.76, 95% CI： 0.72-0.79, P 〈 0.001）. There were decreased evems of VVRS in the patients receiving PCI whose diastolic blood pressure dropped by more than 30 mmHg and heart rate reduced by 10 times per minute （AUC： 0.84, 95% CI： 0.81-0.87, P 〈 0.001）. Conclusion The risk prediction score is quite efficient in predicting the incidence of VVRS in patients receiving PCI. In which, the following factors may be in- volved, the femoral puncture site, female gender, hypertension, primary PCI, and over 2 stents implanted in LAD.

THREE-DIMENSIONAL VARIABLES ALLOCATION IN MESOSCALE MODELS

Forecasts and simulations are varied owing to different allocation of 3-dimensional variables in mesoscale models. No attempts have been made to address the issue of optimizing the simulation with a 3-dimensional variables distribution that should come to be. On the basis of linear nonhydrostatic anelastic equations, the paper hereby compares, mainly graphically, the computational dispersion with analytical solutions for four kinds of 3-dimensional meshes commonly found in mesoscale models, in terms of frequency, horizontal and vertical group velocities. The result indicates that the 3-D mesh C/CP has the best computational dispersion, followed by Z/LZ and Z/LY, with the C/L having the worst performance. It is then known that the C/CP mesh is the most desirable allocation in the design of nonhydrostatic baroclinic models. The mesh has, however, larger errors when dealing with shorter horizontal wavelengths. For the simulation of smaller horizontal scales, the horizontal grid intervals have to be shortened to reduce the errors. Additionally, in view of the dominant use of C/CP mesh in finite-difference models, it should be used in conjunction with the Z/LZ or Z/LY mesh if variables are allocated in spectral models.

Epidemiology of Hepatitis B and Associated Liver Diseases in China

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection has long been a critical public health challenge in China. National surveys revealed a prevalence of approximate 10% for chronic HBV infection in general population. HBV has been the leading cause of chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and liver cancers in Chinese population and a common pathogen of acute viral hepatitis. Meanwhile, the epidemic provided important opportunities to research the natural history, public health impact, and therapeutic and preventive interventions for HBV in China. In this review, we summarized the selected key epidemiological studies since 1970s regarding HBV infection and its associated liver diseases in China, and provided considerations for future research, prevention and treatment of HBV.

Association between polymorphism rs6983267 and gastric cancer risk in Chinese population

AIM: To explore the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) at 8q24 and gastric cancer risk. METHODS: A case-control investigation including 212 gastric cancer patients and 377 healthy controls was conducted. The genotypes of SNPs (rs6983267, rs7008482 and rs10808555) were examined and established through polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to evaluate the association between SNPs and gastric cancer. RESULTS: The genotype frequencies of rs6983267 in gastric cancer patients were obviously different from those in the control (P = 0.005). GT genotype of rs6983267 was associated with an increased risk of gastric cancer compared with GG genotype (adjusted odds ratio = 2.01, 95% confidence interval: 1.28-3.14). Further stratified analysis indicated that rs6983267 GT genotype facilitated the risk of gastric cancer of non-cardiac and intestinal type (OR: 2.638, 95% CI: 1.464-4.753; OR: 1.916, 95% CI: 1.166-3.150, respectively). CONCLUSION: This study demonstrates for the first time that rs6983267 is involved in susceptibility to gastric cancer, although further large-sample investigations are still needed.

Soil Cellulase Activity and Fungal Community Responses to Wetland Degradation in the Zoige Plateau, China

Four soil types(peat, marsh, meadow, and sandy) in the Zoige Plateau of China are associated with the severity of wetland degradation. The effects of wetland degradation on the structure and abundance of fungal communities and cellulase activity were assessed in these 4 soil types at 3 depths using DGGE(Denatured Gradient Gel Electrophoresis), q PCR(Quantitative Real-time PCR),and 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid assays. Cellulase activity and abundance of the fungal community declined in parallel to the level of wetland degradation(from least to most disturbed). DGGE analysis indicated a major shift in composition of fungal communities among the4 soil types consistent with the level of degradation.Water content(WC), organic carbon(OC), total nitrogen(TN), total phosphorus(TP), available nitrogen(AN), and available phosphorus(AP) were strongly correlated with cellulase activity and the structure and abundance of the fungal community.The results indicate that soil physicochemical properties(WC, OC, TN, TP, AN, and AP), cellulase activity, and diversity and abundance of fungal communities are sensitive indicators of the relative level of wetland degradation. WC was the major factorinvolved in Zoige wetland degradation and lower WC levels contributed to declines in the abundance and diversity of the fungal community and reduction in cellulase activity.

Effects of an artificial oyster shell reef on macrobenthic communities in Rongcheng Bay, East China

An artifi cial oyster shell reef was deployed in Rongcheng Bay, East China. However, the effects of this reef on the surrounding macrobenthic communities were unknown. We compared sedimentary factors, macrobenthic biomass, abundance, and community composition and ecological indicators between the reef and non-reef areas over a one year period. The mean values for chlorophyll a(Chl a), total organic matter(TOM), total organic carbon(TOC), and total nitrogen(TN) content in surface sediments in the reef area were slightly higher than those in the non-reef area. The Chl a levels differed signifi cantly between the two areas, but the TOM, TOC, and TN were not signifi cantly different. The abundance of crustaceans was signifi cantly different between the two areas, but the abundance and biomass of polychaetes, echinoderms, mollusk did not differ signifi cantly. The permutational multivariate analysis of variance(PERMANOVA) revealed that the macrobenthic community differed signifi cantly through time and analysis of similarity multivariate analyses(ANOSIM) revealed that the macrobenthic community differed signifi cantly in some months. The ecological indicators revealed that the environmental quality of the reef area was slightly better than that of the non-reef area. Overall, our results suggest that the artifi cial oyster shell reef may change the macrobenthic community and the quality of the environment. Despite the lack of an effect in the short term, long-term monitoring is still needed to evaluate the effects of artifi cial oyster shell reefs on macrobenthic communities.

Species Composition and Diversity of Macrobenthos in the Intertidal Zone of Xiangshan Bay,China

Xiangshan bay is a narrow semi-closed bay and situated on the northwestern coast of the East China Sea. Over past decades, it has become to a major bay with intensive human activities, dense urbanized area, and poor water quality. The aim of this paper was to reveal the ecological status through the elucidation of the species composition, abundance, biomass and diversity of macrobenthos in this bay. Six intertidal sections were surveyed from January 2007 to November 2008 quarterly. Sections TG, HD and XH are located in the three inner bays, sections QJ and WS are located near the thermal power plants, and section XX is located at the outer part of Xiangshan Bay. Great variations in macrobenthos community were indentified, and the species composition of the community in the present study showed the dominance in the order of molluscs （bivalves and gastropods）, crustaceans and others, and only few Polychaeta were recorded. Only three dominant species, Littorina brevicula, llyplax tansuiensis, and Cerithidea cingu- lata were collected in all the sections, and a total of 19 dominant species were recorded only in one section. Two-way ANOVA analyses of abundance indicated that there were significant differences among sections or seasons. Shannon-Wiener diversity index （H＇） had its maximum （2.45） in section QJ, and minimum （1.76） in section TG Multiple irregular k-dominance plots clearly showed that the study area was polluted and the macrobenthos community was under stress. We conclude that the macrobenthos of Xiang- shan Bay have been disturbed by human activities, especially at the interior bay.

Pathotype Structure of Magnaporthe grisea in the Fields of Chongyang and Yuan'an in Hubei Province,China

[Objective] This study aimed to explore the pathotype structure of Magnaporthe grisea in Chongyang and Yuan'an in Hubei Province,China.[Method] From the rice-growing fields of Chongyang and Yuan'an in Hubei Province where rice blast occurs frequently,60 isolates which were pathotyped against two sets of host differentials:Chinese host differentials and CO39 NILs,were obtained.Then,20 pathotypes with the six indica host differentials(CO39 NILs) were observed,while 13 pathotypes in four race groups were observed out of the same single spore isolates with Chinese host differentials which consists of three indica cultivars and four japonica cultivars.The diversity of the pathotypes of M.grisea populations tested by CO39 NILs was 2.54 and the pathotype 137.1 occurred at predominantly high frequency(21.67%).The diversity of physiological races of M.grisea populations tested by Chinese host differentials was 1.22 and the race group ZA occurred at predominantly high frequency(73.33%).The diversity of physiological races of M.grisea in Chongyang and Yuan'an were also calculated.Overall,the diversity of pathotypes of M.grisea in Yuan'an was higher than that in Chongyang with the two sets of the host differentials.[Conclusion] This study provided current information on the pathotype spectrum of M.grisea populations in the rice fields of Hubei Province to allow the formulation of viable strategies for blast resistance breeding programs in Hubei Province.

Effect of naringenin in Qianggu capsule on population pharmacokinetics in Chinese women with primary osteoporosis

OBJECTIVE:To characterize naringenin(NAR) population pharmacokinetics(PPK) in Chinese women with primary osteoporosis.METHODS:Ninety-eight female patients with primary osteoporosis from the Jingshan,Beixinqiao,Jiaodaokou,Chaoyangmen,and Donghuamen communities in Beijing,China,aged 40 to 80 years,received oral Qianggu capsules(250 mg).Blood samples were collected before and at 0.5,1,2,3,4,6,8,10,12,and 24 h after administration.The concentration of NAR in the blood samples was measured using high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry.PPK analyses were performed with nonlinear mixed-effect modeling software(version 7.1.2,PsN3.2.12).The clearance(C1),central distribution volume(V),absorption rate constant(Ka1),peripheral distribution volume(VII),and inter-compartmental clearance(CLII) were set as parameters and estimated by the base model,covariate model,and final model.Kidney-Yang deficiency[Shenyangxu(SYAX)]and liver-kidney-Yin deficiency(Ganshenyinxu) are patterns of symptoms in Traditional Chinese Medicine that were set as covariates,along with age,height,blood urea nitrogen,serum creatinine,alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,and hyperlipidemia.Both stepwise forward and backward procedures were accomplished to build models.The final model was evaluated by internal and external validation,visual predictive check,bootstrap,and leverage analysis.RESULTS:A one compartment open model with first order degradation was the best fitted to the concentration-time profiles following oral administration of NAR.The mean of population parameters of the final model,C1,SYAX on C1,V,Ka1,CLII,and VII,were measured to be 37.6 L/h,0.427 L,123 L/h,0.12/h,0.3056,and 1.446,respectively.Inter-individual variability was estimated and SYAX was identified as a significant covariate.CONCLUSION:The population pharmacokinetic model described in this study could effectively characterize the pharmacokinetic profile of NAR following administration of a single dose of oral Qianggu capsules in Chinese women with primary osteoporosis.Among the tested covariates,only SYAX was a significant factor.