Background and study aim: Capsule endoscopy is a new tool in the evaluation of the small intestine. To speed evaluation and acceptance of this technology, the manufacturer (Given Imaging Ltd, Yoqneam, Israel) funded s...Background and study aim: Capsule endoscopy is a new tool in the evaluation of the small intestine. To speed evaluation and acceptance of this technology, the manufacturer (Given Imaging Ltd, Yoqneam, Israel) funded several trials. The data from these trials were collected at a central repository using a standardized reporting tool. Presentation of this data to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in July 2003 led to the removal of the adjunctive term with regard to indication for capsule endoscopy, recognizing that the method is of independent importance for evaluating the small bowel. The aim of the present study was to combine the data from several capsule trials to help determine the yield and miss rate of capsule endoscopy for different diseases, compared with alternative diagnostic modalities. Methods: Capsule studies were identified from a master database of funded studies. Studies were included in the pooled analysis if they reported a prospective comparison with another modality for evaluation of the small intestine. Results: 32 studies with a total of 691 patients were found in the master database, of which 24 studies, representing 530 patients, met inclusion criteria and were entered into the pooled analysis. Prior to study entry, patients had undergone a mean of 6.77 diagnostic procedures, without findings. Of these 24 studies, 14 (involving 310 patients) were categorized as “ bleeding" studies, and 10 studies (220 patients) as “ nonbleeding small bowel disorders" studies. The comparison procedure was push enteroscopy in 300 patients (in 45 for nonbleeding disorders), small- bowel series in 140 patients (in 125 for non- bleeding disorders), and colonoscopy with ileoscopy in 90 patients (50 for nonbleeding disorders). Overall analysis per patient showed new findings from capsule endoscopy in 50% of patients; 17% had new findings from the comparison method; in 22% there were similar findings; and in 11% there were no findings. A total of 1349 instances of disease were identified in the 530 examinations. Capsule endoscopy solely detected 87% of the disease instances, while the comparison method solely detected 13% . The yield for push enteroscopy alone was 14.8% , for small- bowel series it was 9.9% , and for colonoscopy it was 13.2% . Capsule endoscopy missed 146 disease instances for a miss rate of 10% ; 989 were missed by the comparison methods for a miss rate of 73% ; and 214 were detected by both methods. Conclusion: Capsule endoscopy is the state of the art method for noninvasive detection of small- bowel disease.展开更多
A novel self-contained in situ sediment acoustic measurement system based on hydraulic driving penetration is proposed to solve the problem of large disturbances to sediments of the in situ equipments already in exist...A novel self-contained in situ sediment acoustic measurement system based on hydraulic driving penetration is proposed to solve the problem of large disturbances to sediments of the in situ equipments already in existence. By using a hydraulic driving device, the system drives four acoustic probes into sediments at an even speed, and this decreases disturbances to sediments introduced by the penetration of acoustic probes. By means of the special design of the central control unit, the system can work full-automatically and the data are stored self-containedly, and this avoids the requirement of real-time remote controlling from the ship. Its operating water depth, measuring depth and measuring frequency is 500m, 1.0m and 30kHz respectively. A set of in situ sound speeds and attenuation coefficients of sediments are obtained at 40 stations using the system. The results confirm that the data obtained by the in situ sediment acoustic system are accurate and credible.展开更多
Lithuanian Central State Archive is the biggest one within the state archival service and the only state archive where audiovisual documents are stored. There are more than 800,000 units of audiovisual documents in th...Lithuanian Central State Archive is the biggest one within the state archival service and the only state archive where audiovisual documents are stored. There are more than 800,000 units of audiovisual documents in the archive. The main laws regulating the activity of Lithuanian Central State Archive and related to audiovisual archiving are the Law on Documents and Archives of Lithuanian Republic, the Law of Cinema of Lithuanian Republic, and the Law on Copyright and Related Rights of Lithuanian Republic. There are four big collections of audiovisual documents in the Lithuanian Central State Archive--films, photo documents, sound recordings, and video recordings. The Archive＇s specialists have a large experience in the field of physical treatment and preservation of analogue audiovisual documents. Lithuanian Central State Archive digitizes audiovisual documents seeking the balance between long time preservation and nowadays access. Since May, 2010 till April 2013, Lithuanian Central State Archive implemented the project--Lithuanian documentaries on the Internet. During the project the Archives digitized and transferred to the Internet 1,000 titles of Lithuanian documentaries, created in the period 1919-1961. Lithuanian Central State Archive wants to popularize its collections, so various international projects are participated in.展开更多
文摘Background and study aim: Capsule endoscopy is a new tool in the evaluation of the small intestine. To speed evaluation and acceptance of this technology, the manufacturer (Given Imaging Ltd, Yoqneam, Israel) funded several trials. The data from these trials were collected at a central repository using a standardized reporting tool. Presentation of this data to the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in July 2003 led to the removal of the adjunctive term with regard to indication for capsule endoscopy, recognizing that the method is of independent importance for evaluating the small bowel. The aim of the present study was to combine the data from several capsule trials to help determine the yield and miss rate of capsule endoscopy for different diseases, compared with alternative diagnostic modalities. Methods: Capsule studies were identified from a master database of funded studies. Studies were included in the pooled analysis if they reported a prospective comparison with another modality for evaluation of the small intestine. Results: 32 studies with a total of 691 patients were found in the master database, of which 24 studies, representing 530 patients, met inclusion criteria and were entered into the pooled analysis. Prior to study entry, patients had undergone a mean of 6.77 diagnostic procedures, without findings. Of these 24 studies, 14 (involving 310 patients) were categorized as “ bleeding" studies, and 10 studies (220 patients) as “ nonbleeding small bowel disorders" studies. The comparison procedure was push enteroscopy in 300 patients (in 45 for nonbleeding disorders), small- bowel series in 140 patients (in 125 for non- bleeding disorders), and colonoscopy with ileoscopy in 90 patients (50 for nonbleeding disorders). Overall analysis per patient showed new findings from capsule endoscopy in 50% of patients; 17% had new findings from the comparison method; in 22% there were similar findings; and in 11% there were no findings. A total of 1349 instances of disease were identified in the 530 examinations. Capsule endoscopy solely detected 87% of the disease instances, while the comparison method solely detected 13% . The yield for push enteroscopy alone was 14.8% , for small- bowel series it was 9.9% , and for colonoscopy it was 13.2% . Capsule endoscopy missed 146 disease instances for a miss rate of 10% ; 989 were missed by the comparison methods for a miss rate of 73% ; and 214 were detected by both methods. Conclusion: Capsule endoscopy is the state of the art method for noninvasive detection of small- bowel disease.
文摘A novel self-contained in situ sediment acoustic measurement system based on hydraulic driving penetration is proposed to solve the problem of large disturbances to sediments of the in situ equipments already in existence. By using a hydraulic driving device, the system drives four acoustic probes into sediments at an even speed, and this decreases disturbances to sediments introduced by the penetration of acoustic probes. By means of the special design of the central control unit, the system can work full-automatically and the data are stored self-containedly, and this avoids the requirement of real-time remote controlling from the ship. Its operating water depth, measuring depth and measuring frequency is 500m, 1.0m and 30kHz respectively. A set of in situ sound speeds and attenuation coefficients of sediments are obtained at 40 stations using the system. The results confirm that the data obtained by the in situ sediment acoustic system are accurate and credible.
文摘Lithuanian Central State Archive is the biggest one within the state archival service and the only state archive where audiovisual documents are stored. There are more than 800,000 units of audiovisual documents in the archive. The main laws regulating the activity of Lithuanian Central State Archive and related to audiovisual archiving are the Law on Documents and Archives of Lithuanian Republic, the Law of Cinema of Lithuanian Republic, and the Law on Copyright and Related Rights of Lithuanian Republic. There are four big collections of audiovisual documents in the Lithuanian Central State Archive--films, photo documents, sound recordings, and video recordings. The Archive＇s specialists have a large experience in the field of physical treatment and preservation of analogue audiovisual documents. Lithuanian Central State Archive digitizes audiovisual documents seeking the balance between long time preservation and nowadays access. Since May, 2010 till April 2013, Lithuanian Central State Archive implemented the project--Lithuanian documentaries on the Internet. During the project the Archives digitized and transferred to the Internet 1,000 titles of Lithuanian documentaries, created in the period 1919-1961. Lithuanian Central State Archive wants to popularize its collections, so various international projects are participated in.
