法国中央高原是该国最大的山区,它具有欧洲各个类型山区的共同特点,即中等海拔(低于2000m),过去的经济仅依靠农业,而目前的旅游潜力非常有限。这些山区受到人口减少的严重影响,人口减少对当前景观转变的影响已超过了气候因素。日益增加...法国中央高原是该国最大的山区,它具有欧洲各个类型山区的共同特点,即中等海拔(低于2000m),过去的经济仅依靠农业,而目前的旅游潜力非常有限。这些山区受到人口减少的严重影响,人口减少对当前景观转变的影响已超过了气候因素。日益增加的森林和休闲地带来的负效应与目前的经济发展趋势相结合,正使这些山区成为边缘地带,并将这些地区重新带回到"野蛮的中世纪"。在欧洲中部的花岗岩地区,这种现象特别明显,因为在这里人们的生活和活动正受到越来越多的限制。相反,一些城市周围和更多的风景区,如中央高原的火山和Chaine des puys山的自然公园正吸引人们来旅游,从而限制了人口的减少。但是,对有吸引力的景观地区的保护面临两个问题:农业人口的减少和农业环境措施的费用。展开更多
A total of 60 VES (geo-electrical resistivity soundings) and ten exploratory core holes (boreholes) were carried out along the axis of a proposed earth dam site as part of an overall geotechnical investigation for...A total of 60 VES (geo-electrical resistivity soundings) and ten exploratory core holes (boreholes) were carried out along the axis of a proposed earth dam site as part of an overall geotechnical investigation for the design and construction of an earth dam along Dansak River, Shemankar River Basin, Jos Plateau, Nigeria. The geophysical interpretation revealed four to five geo-electric layers corresponding to lithologic units (1) topsoil from 0-2 m with a resistivity value of 〈 100-320 ohm-m, (2) weathered/slightly weathered basalt fi'om 0.6 m to 20 m characterized by resistivity value of 27-130 ohm-m, followed by (3) basalt/fractured basalts with resistivity value of 130-400 ohm-m and (4) the basement rocks with resistivity value 〉 320 ohm-m to 3,021 ohm-m. Exploratory borehole drilling encountered a series of lithologic units viz: overburden (clay, silt and sand) weathered basalt, slightly weathered basalt, fresh/fractured basalts, weathered migmatite and migmatites/migmatite gneiss. Exploratory core analysis in terms of CR (core recovery) and RQD (rock quality designation) revealed an average of 70%-90% and 75%-90%, respectively. Lugeon test gave Lugeon values of 1-5 for the ten core holes. However, fractures with Lugeon value from 〉 5-15 lugeon were encountered on borehole numbers BH 1, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Grouting is recommended to seal this shallow to medium depth (0-15 m) fractures to reduce or eliminate possible seepage when the dam is constructed. The rock mass index grading for the dam axis ranges from good to excellent.展开更多
2023年夏天,我和几个朋友组成一个小团,开始了南部法国之旅。我们刻意避开大城市的旅游景点和那些必须提前预订才能进入的热门地方,开着车一路探访,沿路一共参观了近十个“法国最美丽的村庄”(Les plus beaux villages de France),大部...2023年夏天,我和几个朋友组成一个小团,开始了南部法国之旅。我们刻意避开大城市的旅游景点和那些必须提前预订才能进入的热门地方,开着车一路探访,沿路一共参观了近十个“法国最美丽的村庄”(Les plus beaux villages de France),大部分在中央高原南部多尔多涅这条东西向河流的沿岸,当然对一个拥有超过170个“法国最美丽的村庄”的国家,这并不算多。一路上,我们实地体验了这些小地方和巴黎这样的大都市相比有什么不同,同时,也加深了对法国城堡,以及乡村居民开放和共享精神的认知。展开更多
文摘法国中央高原是该国最大的山区,它具有欧洲各个类型山区的共同特点,即中等海拔(低于2000m),过去的经济仅依靠农业,而目前的旅游潜力非常有限。这些山区受到人口减少的严重影响,人口减少对当前景观转变的影响已超过了气候因素。日益增加的森林和休闲地带来的负效应与目前的经济发展趋势相结合,正使这些山区成为边缘地带,并将这些地区重新带回到"野蛮的中世纪"。在欧洲中部的花岗岩地区,这种现象特别明显,因为在这里人们的生活和活动正受到越来越多的限制。相反,一些城市周围和更多的风景区,如中央高原的火山和Chaine des puys山的自然公园正吸引人们来旅游,从而限制了人口的减少。但是,对有吸引力的景观地区的保护面临两个问题:农业人口的减少和农业环境措施的费用。
文摘A total of 60 VES (geo-electrical resistivity soundings) and ten exploratory core holes (boreholes) were carried out along the axis of a proposed earth dam site as part of an overall geotechnical investigation for the design and construction of an earth dam along Dansak River, Shemankar River Basin, Jos Plateau, Nigeria. The geophysical interpretation revealed four to five geo-electric layers corresponding to lithologic units (1) topsoil from 0-2 m with a resistivity value of 〈 100-320 ohm-m, (2) weathered/slightly weathered basalt fi'om 0.6 m to 20 m characterized by resistivity value of 27-130 ohm-m, followed by (3) basalt/fractured basalts with resistivity value of 130-400 ohm-m and (4) the basement rocks with resistivity value 〉 320 ohm-m to 3,021 ohm-m. Exploratory borehole drilling encountered a series of lithologic units viz: overburden (clay, silt and sand) weathered basalt, slightly weathered basalt, fresh/fractured basalts, weathered migmatite and migmatites/migmatite gneiss. Exploratory core analysis in terms of CR (core recovery) and RQD (rock quality designation) revealed an average of 70%-90% and 75%-90%, respectively. Lugeon test gave Lugeon values of 1-5 for the ten core holes. However, fractures with Lugeon value from 〉 5-15 lugeon were encountered on borehole numbers BH 1, 7, 8, 9 and 10. Grouting is recommended to seal this shallow to medium depth (0-15 m) fractures to reduce or eliminate possible seepage when the dam is constructed. The rock mass index grading for the dam axis ranges from good to excellent.
文摘2023年夏天,我和几个朋友组成一个小团,开始了南部法国之旅。我们刻意避开大城市的旅游景点和那些必须提前预订才能进入的热门地方,开着车一路探访,沿路一共参观了近十个“法国最美丽的村庄”(Les plus beaux villages de France),大部分在中央高原南部多尔多涅这条东西向河流的沿岸,当然对一个拥有超过170个“法国最美丽的村庄”的国家,这并不算多。一路上,我们实地体验了这些小地方和巴黎这样的大都市相比有什么不同,同时,也加深了对法国城堡,以及乡村居民开放和共享精神的认知。