陆费逵中学教育思想初探

陆费逵,中国近代著名教育家和出版家。他坚信教育救国论,从出版的角度审视教育。在中学教育领域,为适应时代的需要,提倡教科书、中学学制及教学的改革。陆费逵关于中学教育改革的意见和建议,在中国教育史上产生了深远、广泛的影响,值得我们进一步总结和继承。

陆费逵与民初的中学教育

陆费逵,中国近代著名教育家和出版家。他坚信教育救国论,从出版的角度审视教育。在中学教育领域,为适应时代的需要,提倡教科书,中学学制及教学的改革。陆费逵关于中学教育改革的意见和建议,在中国教育史上产生了深远、广泛的影响,值得我们进一步总结和继承。

论舒新城职业教育理论与实践

作为一位知行合一的近代教育家,舒新城的职业教育理论均源自教育实践,且付诸于教育实践,并指导其时的中学学制和课程改革。舒新城注重青年的职业指导问题,以个别指导、课堂讲授、演讲、著述等形式开展职业指导。他在江浙皖等地广泛开展教育调查,不断探索种种教育问题,关注反思职业教育发展历史。

The Modem Reading on Thought of Marxist Ecological Civilization in 〈The Economic and Philosophical Manuscripts in 1844〉

In〈The economic and philosophical manuscripts in 1844〉 （be called manuscripts for short）, Marx deeply criticized alienation of relationship between human and nature by alienated labor concept. The criticism pointed out the way for the solution of the ecological problems and showed the seeds of ecological civilization. The paper reveals the ontology about ecological civilization and generation and elimination of crisis through analyzing the Marxist thought of ecological civilization in manuscripts. The paper believes that Marxist thought of ecological civilization may enlighten us to carry forward and develop it with guidance, sense and theory. We sincerely expect that the thought of ecological civilization will be rooted in the hearts of the people deeply by means of the rise of ＂green＂ concept and the education of ecological ethics. The paper has important theoretical and practical value on deeply understanding the relationship between human and nature with scientific development angle of view, conquering the ecological crisis of globalization scientifically and building and developing ecological civilization of Chinese characteristic socialism energetically.

Micro- and nano-mechanics in China： A brief review of recent progress and perspectives

The past three decades have witnessed the explosion of nanoscience and technology, where notable research eftbrts have been made in synthesizing nanomaterials and controlling nanostructures of bulk materials. The uncovered mechanical behaviors of structures and materials with reduced sizes and dimensions pose open questions to the community of mechanicians, which expand the framework of continuum mechanics by advancing the theory, as well as modeling and experimental tools. Researchers in China have been actively involved into this exciting area, making remarkable contributions to the understanding of nanoscale mechanical processes, the development of multi-scale, multi-field modeling and experimental techniques to resolve the processing-microstructures-properties relationship of materials, and the interdisciplinary studies that broaden the subjects of mechanics. This article reviews selected progress made by this community, with the aim to clarify the key concepts, methods and applications of micro- and nano-mechanics, and to outline the perspectives in this fast-evolving field.

The discovery of surface runoff in the megadunes of Badain Jaran Desert,China,and its significance

The Badain Jaran Desert exhibits the greatest difference in altitude of all of the world's deserts.On the slopes of megadunes in the desert,there are physical and chemical deposits produced by surface runoff.In addition,we have observed rarely-seen infiltration-excess surface runoff in the megadune depressions as well as spring streams at the base of megadunes.We used electron microscopy,energy spectrum analysis,infiltration experiments,moisture content determinations and grain-size analysis to study the mineral and chemical composition of the runoff precipitates,and grain-size of the deposits associated with the runoff,together with the hydrological balance in the megadune area,and the atmospheric precipitation mechanism responsible for groundwater recharge and for supplying water to lakes.The observations of shallow runoff and infiltration-excess surface runoff indicate the occurrence of strong and effective precipitation in summer,which would provide an important source for groundwater recharge.Several lines of evidence,such as the physical and chemical deposits resulting from shallow subsurface runoff,spring streams,infiltration-excess runoff,and gravity capillary water with a moisture content of 3-6%,demonstrate that precipitation reaches the base of the megadunes through infiltration and subsequently becomes groundwater.The chemical deposits,such as newly-formed calcite and gypsum,and gray-black physical deposits,as well as different stages in the development of fan-shaped landforms resulting from shallow subsurface runoff,indicate that groundwater recharge in the area is the result of long-term precipitation,rather than intermittent individual major rainfall events.Fine sand layers with a low infiltration capacity lead to subsurface runoff emerging at the ground surface.Five factors play an important role in maintaining a positive water balance and in replenishing groundwater via rainfall:effective rainfall as a water source,the high infiltration capacity of the sands enabling rainfall to rapidly become capillary water in the dunes,low evapotranspiration rates due to the sparse vegetation,the fact that the depth of the sand layer influenced by evaporation is shallow enough to maximize the deep infiltration of rainfall,and rapidly-moving gravity capillary water in the sandy dunes.These five factors together constitute a mechanism for groundwater recharge from rainfall,and explain the origin of the groundwater and lakes in the area.Our findings represent a significant advance in research on the hydrological cycle,including groundwater recharge conditions and recharge mechanisms,in this desert region.