The increasing impact of disasters at local,national,regional and global scales in recent decades has provided enough evidence to urgently direct attention towards the necessity of disaster risk reduction and manageme...The increasing impact of disasters at local,national,regional and global scales in recent decades has provided enough evidence to urgently direct attention towards the necessity of disaster risk reduction and management,and this requires knowledge.Knowledge without communication is barren,and to communicate the risk of disaster it is necessary to understand the perception of the people at risk.In particular,this paper deals with the necessity to delineate strategies of risk communication in pursuance of risk knowledge as a core of disaster risk reduction and management,especially in mountain areas of developing countries.To portray this issue,an analysis of landslide risk perception in terms of experience,landslide risk awareness,exposure,preparedness,and risk communication and trust was undertaken in the municipality of Teziutlán,Puebla,Mexico,an area that has been affected for several decades by episodes of mass movement.Analysis of the responses to a risk perception questionnaire has offered valuable insights in terms of the information and knowledge most required by the people living in the area of interest,in order to devise a realistic and functional strategy to communicate the risk of a landslide disaster.This includes better understanding of controlling factorsand drivers of this risk,and the establishment of potential trusted sources of risk communication.Beyond considering practical matters of risk assessment and management,risk perception and communication can increase the resilience of vulnerable people,and can enhance capacity building for present and future generations.展开更多
The relationship between out-migration of labor in the Qinling mountain area and households' firewood consumption is explored. Migration and remittances reduce households' firewood consumption due to increases...The relationship between out-migration of labor in the Qinling mountain area and households' firewood consumption is explored. Migration and remittances reduce households' firewood consumption due to increases in both income and opportunity cost of firewood collection. Previous studies have been equivocal because they ignored uncertainty in household economy, which is widespread in forest areas of less developed countries. This study provides additional insight by considering vulnerability and subjective assessment of poverty generated by unstable income and an uncertain future. We provide evidence that the amount of firewood consumed depends on income and opportunity cost of firewood collection, but also on a prudent consumption strategy, due to farmers' subjective assessment of their future possible poverty. We also find out-migration of labor can reduce per capita firewood consumption but subjective poverty also acts against reduction of firewood consumption.展开更多
Brand in terms of strategy is a way of relationships between the organization and its target groups, aimed at removing a priori existing conflict. Therefore, formation of a new socio-economic brand ＂Carpathians＂, wh...Brand in terms of strategy is a way of relationships between the organization and its target groups, aimed at removing a priori existing conflict. Therefore, formation of a new socio-economic brand ＂Carpathians＂, which joins a mountain system in the eastern part of Central Europe, Ukraine, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Serbia, and Austria, will help create a new image of Carpathians and implementation of programs aimed at the increase of investment activities, building confidence to domestic producers and creating programs to attract tourists to the most profitable tourist areas, in particular.展开更多
Geohazards appear to be increasing in frequency globally. It is of necessity to actively manage these natural hazards to minimize loss of life and property. From an early warning perspective, this paper stresses the p...Geohazards appear to be increasing in frequency globally. It is of necessity to actively manage these natural hazards to minimize loss of life and property. From an early warning perspective, this paper stresses the potential fatal flood hazard represented by the huge volume of water in Tianchi Lake, the unique geography of Changbai Mountain, and the limited flood control ability in the upstream of the Songhua River. Northeast Asian countries should keep a watchful eye on the Changbai volcano cooperatively, and Chinese government especially needs to prepare plans for fighting a flood in advance.展开更多
This paper reports the analysis on cores and rock slices, data on seismic and logging activities, characteristics of core samples, and the paleogeographic background of the Yingcheng Formation of the Xujiaweizi faulte...This paper reports the analysis on cores and rock slices, data on seismic and logging activities, characteristics of core samples, and the paleogeographic background of the Yingcheng Formation of the Xujiaweizi faulted depression in the Songliao Basin. The results show that some of the volcanic rocks were formed during subaquatic eruptions. These subaqueous volcanic rocks are further characterized by the interbedded black mudstone and tuffite, the presence of double-layer perlite enclosing aphyric or sparsely phyric rhyolite, the presence of a bentonite layer, and the coefficient of oxidation （Fe203/FeO）. The types of rocks are volcanic breccia, lava breccias, perlite, rhyolite, tuff and sedimentary tuff. The subaquatic eruptions are distributed mainly in Wangjiatun, Shengping, Xuxi, Xuzhong, and Xudong. The XS-I area is the most typical. The organic abundance of over- burden mud rocks within the volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng Formation indicates that these rocks represent high-quality source rocks. The analysis also shows that continental subaquatic volcanic eruptions provide a rich supply of minerals and en- ergies for the lake basin and increase the organic matter content in the water. Moreover, the water differentiation provides a good reducing environment for the conservation of organic matter, and is beneficial for the formation of high-quality source rocks. Finally, we propose a hypothesis to describe the mode of subaquatic eruptions and the formation of high-quality source rocks.展开更多
基金the financial support provided by CONACyT through the research project 156242
文摘The increasing impact of disasters at local,national,regional and global scales in recent decades has provided enough evidence to urgently direct attention towards the necessity of disaster risk reduction and management,and this requires knowledge.Knowledge without communication is barren,and to communicate the risk of disaster it is necessary to understand the perception of the people at risk.In particular,this paper deals with the necessity to delineate strategies of risk communication in pursuance of risk knowledge as a core of disaster risk reduction and management,especially in mountain areas of developing countries.To portray this issue,an analysis of landslide risk perception in terms of experience,landslide risk awareness,exposure,preparedness,and risk communication and trust was undertaken in the municipality of Teziutlán,Puebla,Mexico,an area that has been affected for several decades by episodes of mass movement.Analysis of the responses to a risk perception questionnaire has offered valuable insights in terms of the information and knowledge most required by the people living in the area of interest,in order to devise a realistic and functional strategy to communicate the risk of a landslide disaster.This includes better understanding of controlling factorsand drivers of this risk,and the establishment of potential trusted sources of risk communication.Beyond considering practical matters of risk assessment and management,risk perception and communication can increase the resilience of vulnerable people,and can enhance capacity building for present and future generations.
基金supported by the National Social Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 09CJY071)Program for Innovative Talents of Higher Learning Institutions of Shanxi
文摘The relationship between out-migration of labor in the Qinling mountain area and households' firewood consumption is explored. Migration and remittances reduce households' firewood consumption due to increases in both income and opportunity cost of firewood collection. Previous studies have been equivocal because they ignored uncertainty in household economy, which is widespread in forest areas of less developed countries. This study provides additional insight by considering vulnerability and subjective assessment of poverty generated by unstable income and an uncertain future. We provide evidence that the amount of firewood consumed depends on income and opportunity cost of firewood collection, but also on a prudent consumption strategy, due to farmers' subjective assessment of their future possible poverty. We also find out-migration of labor can reduce per capita firewood consumption but subjective poverty also acts against reduction of firewood consumption.
文摘Brand in terms of strategy is a way of relationships between the organization and its target groups, aimed at removing a priori existing conflict. Therefore, formation of a new socio-economic brand ＂Carpathians＂, which joins a mountain system in the eastern part of Central Europe, Ukraine, Hungary, Poland, Slovakia, Romania, Serbia, and Austria, will help create a new image of Carpathians and implementation of programs aimed at the increase of investment activities, building confidence to domestic producers and creating programs to attract tourists to the most profitable tourist areas, in particular.
基金the Knowledge Innovation Program of Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. KZCX2-EW-319)the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB951301)the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 40871089)
文摘Geohazards appear to be increasing in frequency globally. It is of necessity to actively manage these natural hazards to minimize loss of life and property. From an early warning perspective, this paper stresses the potential fatal flood hazard represented by the huge volume of water in Tianchi Lake, the unique geography of Changbai Mountain, and the limited flood control ability in the upstream of the Songhua River. Northeast Asian countries should keep a watchful eye on the Changbai volcano cooperatively, and Chinese government especially needs to prepare plans for fighting a flood in advance.
基金supported by National Basic Research Program of China(Grant No.2009CB219306)Key-Lab for Evolution of Past Life and Environment in Northeast Asia of Ministry of Education,211 Project of Jilin University and Basic Scientific Research Business Funds Program of Ministry of Education in 2009(Innovative Team Development Plans of Jilin University)
文摘This paper reports the analysis on cores and rock slices, data on seismic and logging activities, characteristics of core samples, and the paleogeographic background of the Yingcheng Formation of the Xujiaweizi faulted depression in the Songliao Basin. The results show that some of the volcanic rocks were formed during subaquatic eruptions. These subaqueous volcanic rocks are further characterized by the interbedded black mudstone and tuffite, the presence of double-layer perlite enclosing aphyric or sparsely phyric rhyolite, the presence of a bentonite layer, and the coefficient of oxidation （Fe203/FeO）. The types of rocks are volcanic breccia, lava breccias, perlite, rhyolite, tuff and sedimentary tuff. The subaquatic eruptions are distributed mainly in Wangjiatun, Shengping, Xuxi, Xuzhong, and Xudong. The XS-I area is the most typical. The organic abundance of over- burden mud rocks within the volcanic rocks of the Yingcheng Formation indicates that these rocks represent high-quality source rocks. The analysis also shows that continental subaquatic volcanic eruptions provide a rich supply of minerals and en- ergies for the lake basin and increase the organic matter content in the water. Moreover, the water differentiation provides a good reducing environment for the conservation of organic matter, and is beneficial for the formation of high-quality source rocks. Finally, we propose a hypothesis to describe the mode of subaquatic eruptions and the formation of high-quality source rocks.
